Gyrophaena (Gyrophaena) livida Motschulsky, 1858

Enuschenko, Ilya V. & Shavrin, Alexey V., 2021, On some species of Gyrophaenina Kraatz 1856 of Sri Lanka and India (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Homalotini), Zootaxa 5032 (3), pp. 331-356 : 344-345

Gyrophaena (Gyrophaena) livida Motschulsky, 1858

( Figs 57–63 )

Gyrophaena livida Motschulsky, 1858: 231 ; Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz 1926: 531, Cameron 1939: 134

Gyrophaena curtula Motschulsky, 1859: 85 ; Motschulsky 1861: 150 syn. nov.

Gyrophaena (Phaenogyra) curtula: Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz 1926: 536 , Cameron 1939: 141

Gyrophaena (Agaricochara) curtula: Pace 1988: 318

Gyrophaena oxyteloides Motschulsky, 1859: 85 ; Motschulsky 1861: 150

Gyrophaena pygmaea Kraatz, 1859: 49

Gyrophaena nigra Kraatz, 1859: 49

Type material examined: Lectotype (here designated) of Gyrophaena livida Motschulsky 1858 , ♂ [aedeagus,

male tergite and sternite VIII glued on the same card with the specimen], [empty red label], [round empty yellow la- bel], ‘Ind. or.’ <handwritten> ‘ Gyrophaena | livida | Motch[ulsky] | Ind. or.’ < Fig. 63 >, ‘ LECTOTYPE | Gyrophaena | livida Motschulsky | Enushchenko I.V. | 2019 det.’ <red, printed> ( ZMM).

Paralectotypes: 1 ♀ [dissected]: [round, empty yellow label], ‘Ind. or.’ <handwritten> ‘ Gyrophaena | livida | Motsch[ulsky] | Ind. or.’ <yellow, handwritten> ( ZMM); 1 ♂: [empty, small square red label], [round, empty yellow label], ‘ Gyrophaena | livida | Motch[ulsky] | Ceylon’ <yellow, handwritten> ( ZMM). All paralectotypes with addi- tional red printed label: ‘ PARALECTOTYPE | Gyrophaena | livida Motschulsky | Enushchenko I.V. | 2019 det.’.

Syntypes of Gyrophaena curtula Motschulsky 1859: 2 ♂# [dissected]: [empty, little square red label], [round, empty yellow label], ‘ Gyrophaena | curtula | Mots. | I. or. Ceyl. Nura.’ <yellow, handwritten>, ‘ Gyrophaena | curtula Motschulsky | Enushchenko I.V. | 2019 det.’ <printed> ( ZMM); 1 ♂: [empty, little square red label], [round, empty yellow label], ‘ Gyrophaena | curtula | Motch[ulsky] | Ceylon’ <yellow, handwritten>, ‘ Gyrophaena | livida Motschulsky | Enushchenko I.V. | 2019 det.’ <printed> ( ZMM).

Holotype of Gyrophaena oxyteloides Motschulsky 1858 , 1 ♀ [dissected]: ‘ Gyrophaena | oxyteloides | Motsch | I. or. Ceyl.’ <yellow, handwritten>, [empty, little square red label], [round, empty yellow label], ‘ HOLOTYPE | Gyrophaena | oxyteloides Motschulsky | Enushchenko I.V. | 2019 det.’ <red, printed> ( ZMM).

Additional material examined: 1 ♂, 1 ♀: ‘ Ceylan 6517–1.’, ‘6517 nigra Kraatz’ , ‘ curtula Motsh. ’ ( ZIN) .

Redescription. Body length 1.40 mm, narrowly oval. Habitus as in Fig. 57 . Head, elytra and abdominal segments IV–VII dark-brown; pronotum and basal abdominal segments reddish-brown; antennae, mouthparts and legs yellowish. Head as wide as long, with indistinct microsculpture and fine, indistinct punctures on vertex and laterobasal portions behind eyes. Basal antennomere oblong, twice as long as wide, antennomere 2 about as wide as basal antennomere, 3 narrow, distinctly shorter than 2, 4 small, subquadrate or slightly transverse, 5–7 as long as wide, 8–10 wider than 7, transverse, apical antennomere wide, 1.2 times as long as wide, with acute apex. Pronotum slightly convex, 1.8 times as wide as long, 1.4 times as wide as head, lateral margins from about middle gradually narrowed towards widely rounded basal angles; punctation indistinct, sparse and fine; microsculpture as that on head. Elytra approximately twice as wide as long, 1.2 times as wide as pronotum, with distinct, small (0.01 mm diam.), sparse (0.03 mm between each other) tubercles on lateral portions; microsculpture as that on pronotum. Abdomen sub-parallel, slightly narrower than elytra.

Male. Median lobe long, narrow and curved, with short and wide apical projection, slightly directed posteriad; apical projection of internal sac as long as median lobe of aedeagus, with rather wide and very long, spirally folded flagellum ( Fig. 58 ). Each medioapical portion of abdominal tergite VII with moderately long, sharp tubercles and additional fine latero-apical tubercles. Apical margin of abdominal tergite VIII with narrow, moderately long and acute projections, with wide slightly sinuate margin between them ( Fig. 59 ). Apical margin of abdominal sternite VIII rounded ( Fig. 60 ).

Female. Abdominal tergite VII smooth, without tubercles. Apical margins of abdominal tergite VIII ( Fig. 61 ) somewhat truncated. Apical margin of abdominal sternite VIII ( Fig. 62 ) rounded.

Comparative notes. Based on the features of microsculpture of the pronotum and the elytra, and general shape of the median lobe, G. livida is similar to G. furcata , from which it can be distinguished by the smaller and narrower body, paler coloration, different shape of the male abdominal tergite VIII, and details of the morphology of the aedeagus.

Distribution. Sri Lanka,? Philippines

Remarks. Gyrophaena livida was originally described from “Indes orientales” based on an unspecified number of syntypes. During the study of the material from ZMM, the first author found three syntypes, and the male in relatively good condition was designated as the lectotype. Gyrophaena curtula was originally described by Motschulsky (1859) and based on the shape and coloration of the body, it was compared with G. indica and G. strictula Erichson, 1839 . Gyrophaena oxyteloides was originally described with uncertain generic status (“ Gyrophaena ?”) and, based on the coloration, it was compared with G. livida and G. curtula . Gyrophaena pygmaea and G. nigra were described from “insula Ceylan ”. Motschulsky (1861) cited G. pygmaea as synonym of G. oxyteloides . Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz (1926) listed G. pygmaea and G. oxyteloides as synonyms of G. livida . Gyrophaena livida was redescribed by Cameron (1939); besides that he synonymized G. pygmaea with it, and listed G. oxyteloides as a synonym of this species. Gyrophaena curtula was redescribed within the subgenus Phaenogyra by Cameron (1939); besides that he synonymized G. nigra with it. Gyrophaena curtula was recorded by Pace (1988) within the subgenus Agaricochara from “ Sri Lanka, Ella...”. Besides that, he provided figures of habitus, aedeagus, male abdominal tergite VII and spermatheca. Syntypes of G. curtula and G. oxyteloides were found by the first author in the collection of V.I. Motschulsky. Based on external and internal characters, all these specimens are conspecific with G. livida . Thus, the previously established synonymy of G. oxyteloides with G. livida was confirmed, and G. curtula was synonymized with the latter species.

Figures

FIGURES 57–63. Gyrophaena livida (lectotype): 57–habitus, 58–aedeagus, lateral view, 59–male abdominal tergite VIII, ventral view, 60–male abdominal sternite VIII, ventral view, 61– female abdominal tergite VIII, dorsal view, 62–female abdominal sternite VIII, ventral view, 63–original label. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (Fig. 57), 0.10 mm (Figs 58–62).