Phanerota (Acanthophaena) appendiculata ( Motschulsky, 1858 )

Enuschenko, Ilya V. & Shavrin, Alexey V., 2021, On some species of Gyrophaenina Kraatz 1856 of Sri Lanka and India (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Homalotini), Zootaxa 5032 (3), pp. 331-356 : 352-353

Phanerota (Acanthophaena) appendiculata ( Motschulsky, 1858)

( Figs 88–93 )

Gyrophaena appendiculata Motschulsky, 1858: 228 ; Motschulsky 1861: 150, Cameron 1921: 384, 407 Gyrophaena (Orphnebioidea) appendiculata: Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz 1926: 528 ;

Gyrophaena (Acanthophaena) appendiculata: Cameron 1934: 23 , Blackwelder 1952: 34, Pace 1998: 141 Phanerota (Acanthophaena) appendiculata: Ashe 1984: 248

Phanerota appendiculata: Kim & Ahn 2008: 690

Gyrophaena laminata Kraatz, 1859: 45 ; Cameron 1921: 407

Gyrophaena (Acanthophaena) insigniventris Cameron, 1939: 60

Phanerota (Acanthophaena) insigniventris: Ashe 1984: 234

Type material examined: Lectotype (here designated) of Gyrophaena appendiculata Motschulsky 1858 , 1 ♂: ‘Ind. or.’ <handwritten>, round yellow label without writing, ‘ ♂ ’ <handwritten>, ‘ Gyrophaena | appendiculata | Motch[ulsky] | Ind. or.’ <yellow, handwritten>, ‘ LECTOTYPE | Gyrophaena | appendiculata Motschulsky | Enush- chenko I.V. | 2019 det.’ <red, printed> ( ZMM).

Paralectotypes: 1 ♂ [dissected; original label as in Fig. 94 ]: ‘Ind. or.’, round yellow label, ‘ ♂ ’, ‘ Gyrophaena appendiculata Motch [ulsky] Ind. or.’ ( ZMM); 2 ♀ #: [dissected]: ‘Ind. or.’ <handwritten>, round yellow label, ‘ ♀ ’ <handwritten>, ‘ Gyrophaena | appendiculata | Motch | Ind. or.’ <yellow, handwritten> ( ZMM); 2 ♂ #: round yellow label, ‘ Gyrophaena | appendicu - | lata Motch[ulsky] | Ind. or.’ <yellow, handwritten> ( ZMM); 1 ♀: ‘ Gyrophaena | appendicu - | lata Motsch.[ulsky] | Ind. or.’ <handwritten>, ‘ К [ОЛЛЕКЦия]. Кёнига ’ [collection of König]’ <printed> ( ZIN).

Additional material examined: SRI LANKA: 2 ♂ #, 1 ♀: ‘ Ceylan 6511–1.’ ( ZIN) ; 2 ♀ #: ‘ India or. 6511–2.’ ( ZIN) ; 1 ♀: ‘ India or. 3727–1.’, ‘3727 appendiculata Ind. or. Motsch. [ulsky]’ ( ZIN) ; 1 ♀: ‘ India or. 3727–2.’, ‘3727 appendiculata Ind. or. Motsch. [ulsky]’ ( ZIN) ; INDIA: Maharashtra: 1 ♂: Pune , N 18°31’0.2136’’, E 73°51’22.5180’’ in cultures of oyster mushrooms, X.2019, H.V. Ghate leg. (cHG) .

Redescription. Body moderately narrow ( Fig. 88 ), length 1.50–3.80 mm. Head dark-brown, pronotum yellowish-brown, elytra reddish-brown, sometimes with yellow-brown shoulders; abdomen usually dark brown, but sometimes abdominal tergites V–VII paler, antennae, mouthparts and legs yellow. Head approximately as wide as long, with large (0.02–0.04 mm diam.), coarse, distinct 8–10 punctures in laterobasal portions of head behind eyes, with impunctate middle and basal portions. Basal antennomere oblong, distinctly more than twice as long as wide, antennomere 2 slightly narrower and shorter than basal antennomere, 3 slightly narrower and about as long as 2, 4 short, sub-trapezoidal, slightly wider and distinctly shorter than 3, 5–10 about as wide as 4 and slightly shorter than 4, apical antennomere about as long as two preceding segments, from middle slightly narrowed toward rounded apex. Pronotum about 1.5 times as wide as long and head; with fine and sometimes indistinct punctures (0.01–0.03 mm diam.), and two larger mediobasal punctures (0.06 mm diam.). Elytra about 1.6 to twice as wide as long and 1.3 times as wide as pronotum, with sparse, distinct (0.03 mm diam.) tubercles and very fine, indistinct punctures (<0.01 mm diam.) in basal portion; tubercles on the distal surface of elytra missing. Abdomen usually wider than elytra.

Male. Ventral plate of aedeagus moderately long, slightly crescent-shaped, with somewhat obtuse apex; dorsal projection slightly longer than ventral plate, with moderately long flagellum ( Fig. 89 ). Abdomen with lamelliform process on each lateral margins of sternite V slightly ( Fig. 88 ) or strongly protruded latero-apicad ( Fig. 1 in Kim & Ahn (2008)). Abdominal tergite VII with six elongate tubercles in posterior portions, with external tubercles round and very small.

Apical margin of abdominal tergite VIII with three teeth projections: two longer and moderately wide lateroapical, and one slightly shorter median projection, divided into two very short teeth with small notch between them ( Fig. 90 ). Apical margin of abdominal sternite VIII widely rounded ( Fig. 91 ).

Female. Surface of abdominal tergite VII with several fine round tubercles along apical margin. Lamelliform process on each lateral margins of abdominal sternite V missing. Apical margin of abdominal tergite VIII with three projections: two moderately wide latero-apical with rounded apices and one short subacute median ( Fig. 92 ). Apical margin of abdominal sternite VIII rounded ( Fig. 93 ). Spermatheca as in fig. 180 in Ashe (1984) and fig. 2D in Kim & Ahn (2008).

For additional details see Kim & Ahn (2008).

Distribution. The species is known from Sri Lanka, India, China, South Korea, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore and Philippines.

Remarks. Gyrophaena appendiculata was originally described from “Indes orientales” based on an unspecified number of syntypes. During the study of the collections of ZMM and ZIN by the senior author, seven syntypes were found. One male from ZMM was designated as the lectotype in order to fix the identity of the name. Kraatz (1859) described G. laminata from “ India orientali”, but later it was synonymized with G. appendiculata by Motschulsky (1861). In spite of this, Cameron (1921) recorded both G. appendiculata and G. laminata from Singapore. Later, the same author described the subgenus Acanthophaena Cameron, 1934 and attributed G. appendiculata and G. rufiventris (see below) to it ( Cameron 1934). Ashe (1984) transferred Acanthophaena to the genus Phanerota Casey, 1906 as a separate subgenus. Pace (1998) recorded it as G. (A.) appendiculata from Hong Kong. Kim & Ahn (2008) synonymized Ph. insigniventris with Ph. appendiculata , redescribed this species, and recorded it from South Korea.

It was recorded as G. (Phanerota) insigniventris from Gabon (Belinga) by Pace (2009), but this record is highly needed in the confirmation.

Figures

FIGURES 88–94. Phanerota (Acanthophaena) appendiculata (lectotype): 88–habitus, 89–aedeagus, lateral view, 90–male abdominal tergite VIII, dorsal view, 91–male abdominal sternite VIII, ventral view, 92–female abdominal tergite VIII, dorsal view, 93–female abdominal sternite VIII, ventral view, 94–type labels. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (Fig. 88), 0.10 mm (Figs 89–93).

FIGURES 1–4. Habitus (Figs 1, 3) and labels (Figs 2, 4) of Encephalus (Orphnebioidea): 1–2–E. (O.) rosti, 3–4–E. (O.) tuberculiventris. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.