Phasgonophora magnanii Gadallah & Gul, 2020

Gul, Muhammad Athar, Soliman, Ahmed Mostafa, Gadallah, Neveen Samy, Al Dhafer, Hathal Mohammed & Delvare, Gerard, 2020, The genus Phasgonophora Westwood, 1832 (Hymenoptera, Chalcididae) in Saudi Arabia: re-evaluation of its limits and description of three new species, Journal of Hymenoptera Research 76, pp. 1-38 : 1

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.76.38340
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8C7E1DDE-BCFA-47C0-A38D-18458AD9221E
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EFFB564A-B742-47FB-8C59-A9DEDBA2B07C
taxon LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:act:EFFB564A-B742-47FB-8C59-A9DEDBA2B07C
treatment provided by	Journal of Hymenoptera Research by Pensoft
scientific name	Phasgonophora magnanii Gadallah & Gul
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Phasgonophora magnanii Gadallah & Gul View in CoL sp. nov.

Figs 10A-F View Figure 10 , 11A-D View Figure 11 , 12A-D View Figure 12 , 13A, B View Figure 13

Type material.

Holotype ♀: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Asir, Abha (Garf Raydah Natural Reserve) [18°12'14.04"N, 42°24'42.84"E, Alt. 2809 m], 16.IV.2016, e.l. Dodonaea viscosa , reared from Chrysobothris sp. ( Buprestidae ), leg. G. Magnani [KSMA]; Paratypes: 1♀, same data as holotype but differing as for the collection date, 11-13.IV.2019 and the collector, D. Baiocchi [KSMA]; 1♂, same data as holotype [KSMA].

Diagnosis.

Body mostly black with head predominantly red (Figs 10A-F View Figure 10 , 12A View Figure 12 ); setation of wings dark (Fig. 11B View Figure 11 ); frons strongly convex (Fig. 10C View Figure 10 ), and occiput quite concave (Fig. 10A View Figure 10 ); vertex with transverse mesal carina behind ocellar triangle (Fig. 10A View Figure 10 ); pedicel short with basal bottle neck (Fig. 10D View Figure 10 ); funicular segments elongate (Fig. 10D View Figure 10 ); clava 2-segmented (Fig. 10D View Figure 10 ); pronotum with mesal depression (Fig. 10E View Figure 10 ), notauli hardly impressed (Fig. 10E View Figure 10 ); mesoscutellum bluntly angulate anteriorly (Fig. 10E View Figure 10 ); propodeum with sharp spiracular teeth (Fig. 10E, F View Figure 10 ); surface of propodeum with long and dense setae lateral to costula (Fig. 10F View Figure 10 ); mesepisternum with mesodiscrimen as moderately raised carina, without ventral depression (Fig. 11A View Figure 11 ); epicnemial carina not raised laterally, but raised mesoventrally; forming a tooth in lateral view (Fig. 11A View Figure 11 ); gaster short with syntergum about half as long as mesotibia (Fig. 12A View Figure 12 ); vertex of male without transverse carina behind ocellar triangle (Fig. 12B View Figure 12 ); clava 1-segmented (Fig. 12D View Figure 12 ).

Etymology.

The new species is dedicated to Gianluca Mangani (Roma, Italy) who reared this species from Chrysobothris sp. ( Buprestidae ) infesting Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. ( Sapindaceae ).

Condition of holotype.

Specimen glued on rectangular card; head and mesosoma partly covered with a thin artifactual layer on bottom of areoles, appearing artificially dull by places; second to fifth tergites with sides widely separated from each other, probably resulting from immersion in some medium.

Description of holotype

♀: Body length 6.5 mm. Colour. Head mostly red (Fig. 10A-C View Figure 10 ), ocellar triangle, occiput laterally, gena ventrally, interantennal projection and supraclypeal strip, black (Fig. 10A-C View Figure 10 ); antenna black (Fig. 10D View Figure 10 ), scape and pedicel with faint brownish tint; meso- and metasoma black (Figs 10E View Figure 10 , 12A View Figure 12 ), pronotal collar and shoulder (Fig. 10E View Figure 10 ), mesoscutum laterally and anteromedially (Fig. 10E View Figure 10 ), mesoscutellum dorso-laterally (Fig. 10E View Figure 10 ), posterior margin of Gt1, gaster laterally, tip of syntergum and ovipositor sheaths basally, brownish (Fig. 12A View Figure 12 ); fore wing slightly infuscate, with track of Rs pigmented, veins dark brown to black (Fig. 11B View Figure 11 ); tegula glassy yellowish brown (Fig. 10E View Figure 10 ); fore and mid legs dark brown to black, tarsi brown (Fig. 11C View Figure 11 ); hind leg black (Fig. 11D View Figure 11 ), coxa apically, femur ventrally, tibia dorsally brownish, tarsus brown.

Head (Fig. 10A-C View Figure 10 ). Subequal to maximal width of mesosoma; with moderately dense long thin and suberect setae (Fig. 10A-C View Figure 10 ), setae longer towards oral fossa; lower face and frons strongly convex, without preorbital ridges (Fig. 10C View Figure 10 ); both mandibles 3-toothed, lower tooth the largest and somewhat removed from the mid one (Fig. 10B View Figure 10 ); clypeus protruding at free margin, but projection truncate (Fig. 10B View Figure 10 ); tentorial pits present, but not well distinct from other punctures (Fig. 10B View Figure 10 ); lower face and gena densely punctured (Fig. 10B, C View Figure 10 ), interspaces 0.2 × punctures diameter; gena with deep sulcus along genal carina (Fig. 10C View Figure 10 ); scrobal depression piriform, entirely transversely strigose, reaching median ocellus (Fig. 10A View Figure 10 ); interantennal projection foveolate, nearly as wide as diameter of antennal torulus, 0.45 × as long as scape (Fig. 10B View Figure 10 ); vertex and frons densely areolate (Fig. 10B View Figure 10 ), vertex with distinct curved carina behind ocellar triangle (Fig. 10A View Figure 10 ); occiput with vertical carinulae behind ocellar triangle; punctured-strigose laterally, with oblique crests (Fig. 10A View Figure 10 ).

Antenna (Fig. 10D View Figure 10 ). Apex of scape reaching level of median ocellus; anellus strongly transverse; pedicel short, with strong basal bottle neck; flagellomeres pubescent, bearing numerous, not raised, multiporous plate sensilla in several intricate rows; F1 1.8 × as long as wide, scarcely shorter than F2 or F3 (0.93 ×); clava 2-segmented, narrowly rounded apically.

Mesosoma (Figs 10E, F View Figure 10 , 11A View Figure 11 ). Pronotum and mesonotum bearing short, adpressed and thin setae (Fig. 10E View Figure 10 ); pronotum with deep median depression, only angulate laterally for distinction of collar, which is densely punctured, the anterior walls of which are raised into crests, especially on either side of the median depression (Fig. 10E View Figure 10 ); pronotal collum transversely strigose; lateral panel flat, with a single oblique carina (Fig. 11A View Figure 11 ); dorsal outline of mesonotum straight, mesoscutum and mesocutellum being flattened, crests transverse and hardly raised on mesoscutum, better raised and interrupted between each puncture on mesoscutellum (Fig. 11A View Figure 11 ); notauli hardly impressed posteriorly; tegula with a patch of about 10 setae posteriorly; mesoscutellum rhombic and angulate anteriorly as axillar grooves are joining to each other on transscutal line (Fig. 10E View Figure 10 ); frenum distinctly sloping; posterior margin of mesoscutellum rounded (Fig. 10E View Figure 10 ); propodeum moderately sloping, with sharp spiracular teeth and raised but irregular costulae (Fig. 10E, F View Figure 10 ); surface of propodeum with long and dense setae lateral to costulae (Fig. 10E View Figure 10 ); mesepisternum with mesodiscrimen appearing as moderately raised carina, without ventral depression (Fig. 11A View Figure 11 ); epicnemial carina not raised laterally, but raised mesoventrally, forming a tooth in lateral view (Fig. 11A View Figure 11 ); ventral shelf of mesepisternum punctured-strigose (Fig. 11A View Figure 11 ); adscrobal area, mesepimeron, and metepimeron coarsely areolate, bearing long, thin and erect setae (Fig. 11A View Figure 11 ).

Wings (Fig. 11B View Figure 11 ). Fore wing densely setose, but basal cell, basal and cubital folds bare; marginal cell with a single row of hairs on the underside; MGV 0.35 × as long as SMV, PMV 0.2 × as long as MGV, STV 1.3 × as long as PMV; hind wing with three hamuli, the basal one larger and somewhat removed from the followings.

Legs (Fig. 11C, D View Figure 11 ). Procoxa depressed anteriorly, the depression delimited laterodorsally by a raised carina (Fig. 11C View Figure 11 ). Protibia with apicodorsal, not socketed spine. Mesotibia without pegs. Metacoxa densely punctured on outer ventral side, with long fine setae along its whole surface (Fig. 11D View Figure 11 ); metafemur with dense fine setiferous punctures on outer side, ventral margin with a row of 11 teeth, basal tooth not prominent but wider than other teeth, no inner basal tooth (Fig. 11D View Figure 11 ). Apical truncation of metatibia forming a curved spine (Fig. 11D View Figure 11 ).

Metasoma (Fig. 12A View Figure 12 ). Petiole not visible from above, entirely concealed within propodeal foramen. Gaster slightly longer than mesosoma; Gt1 1.35 × as wide as long, as long as Gt2-5 combined, faintly transversely striolate mesally, broadly setose posterolaterally; Gt2-5 with 1 row of setae in front of the slightly concave posterior margin; penultimate tergite densely and coarsely punctured on the whole dorsal surface; spiracle very small, hardly distinct; syntergum short, 0.55 × as long mesotibia, without median ridge, densely coarsely punctured laterally; sternites sparsely finely punctulate; tip of hypopygium 0.60 of gaster length.

Male (Figs 12B-D View Figure 12 , 13A, B View Figure 13 ). Length 5.8 mm. Differs from female mostly through the following characters: interantennal projection better raised and laterally compressed (Fig. 12C View Figure 12 ); gena with dense umbilicate punctures (Fig. 12C View Figure 12 ); carina behind ocellar triangle vestigial (Figs 12B View Figure 12 , 13A View Figure 13 ); flagellomeres shorter with clava only 1-segmented (Fig. 12D View Figure 12 ); mesosoma more elongate with dorsal outline slightly convex in lateral view; Gt2-5 with 2-3 rows of setiferous punctures posteriorly (Fig. 13B View Figure 13 ).

Recognition.

None of the Afrotropical species described in Trigonura or Phasgonophora has the short syntergum exhibited by P. magnanii . In the key of the Oriental species provided by Narendran (1989), it would run to T. samarensis Narendran, 1987. It differs from this species by the gaster being longer than the mesosoma versus shorter in Trigonura samarensis ; it also lacks the infuscate spot around the stigma, and Gt1 is transversely striolate on the disc versus smooth and shiny in T. samarensis .

Distribution.

Only known from Saudi Arabia in Asir Region (Fig. 17 View Figure 17 ).

Host.

Chrysobothris (Abothris) sp. ( Coleoptera , Buprestidae ).