Phalloceros Eigenmann, 1907

Lucinda, Paulo Henrique Franco, 2008, Systematics and biogeography of the genus Phalloceros Eigenmann, 1907 (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae), with the description of twenty-one new species, Neotropical Ichthyology 6 (2), pp. 113-158 : 115

Genus Phalloceros Eigenmann, 1907

Clade 101, Lucinda & Reis (2005)

Phalloceros Eigenmann, 1907: 431 .

Masculine. Type-species: Girardinus caudimaculatus Hensel, 1868 . Type by original designation and monotypy.

Diagnosis. Phalloceros species share the following uniquely derived and unreversed features: (1) preopercular canal present and partially closed: pores 8, 9, and 10 opened in a deep groove; pore 11 opened and elongate (sometimes confluent with groove 8, 9 and 10) canal between pores 12, UV closed (sometimes canal U-V opened) [8-5**]; and (2) paired appendix at tip of R3 [93-1**].

Additionally, the genus Phalloceros can be diagnosed by the following not uniquely derived and/or reversed features: (1) parietals short restricted to epiotic region, not reaching sphenotic anteriorly [2-1]; (2) width of first pelvic-fin ray decreasing abruptly at distal portion, which is slender and long in adult males [41-1]; (3) gonapophysis of vertebra 14 bearing an abrupt break forming an acute angle at subdistal portion in adult males [52-4*];(4) anterior process on base of fifth middle anal-fin radial absent in adult males [78-0]; (5) large membranous tip anterior to R4 and R5 [111-3*]; (6) eight or more subdistal retrorse spines on R4p [116-1]; (7) elongate and dorsal protuberance along R4p (just behind retrose spines series) [118-1]; and (8) distal portion of R6 not expanded [128-0].