Cardiomya striolata ( Locard, 1897 )

Lima, Tarcilla Carvalho De, Oliveira, Cléo Dilnei de Castro & Absalão, Ricardo Silva, 2020, Small, rare and little known: new records and species of Cardiomya (Bivalvia: Cuspidariidae) from Brazil, European Journal of Taxonomy 619, pp. 1-20 : 7-11

Cardiomya striolata ( Locard, 1897)

Figs 3 A–F, 4A–H

Cuspidaria striolata Locard, 1897: 94–95 .

Cuspidaria striolata – Locard 1898: 195–196, pl. VIII, figs 20–25; 1899: 130. — Poutiers & Bernard 1995: 151, 167. — Allen 2011: 441.

Cardiomya costellata auct., non Deshayes, 1835 – Jeffreys 1865: 49–50; 1869: pl. XLIX, fig. 3. — Allen & Morgan 1981: 464–466, fig. 29. — Salas 1996: 76, figs 137–138. — Porcheddu et al. 1997: 157–162, figs 1–3. — Mikkelsen & Bieler 2008: 224, figured. — Tunnell et al. 2010: 339, figured. — Oliver et al. 2016.

Cardiomya cleryana auct ., non d’Orbigny, 1842 – Barroso et al. 2016: 6–7, fig. 5. — Oliveira et al. 2017: 286, 291.

Cardiomya perrostrata auct ., non Dall, 1881 – Barroso et al. 2016: 10, fig. 7A–B. — Machado et al. 2016: 3, figs 1A–B.

Cardiomya striata auct., non Jeffreys, 1876 – Oliveira et al. 2017: 284.

Cardiomya sp. 3 – Lamy & Pointier 2018: 752, pl. 252, fig. 7.

Cardiomya sp. 7 – Lamy & Pointier 2018: 755, pl. 252, fig. 11.

Material examined

Type material

SPAIN • [2v], syntypes of Cardiomya striolata ( Locard, 1897) ; north of Spain, Bay of Biscay; 44°05′ N, 05°36′ W; 608 m depth; Travailleur Expedition 1882, stn 02; MNHN 24210 .

Other material

BARBADOS • [3s]; off Paynés Bay ; 64–137 m depth; 1918; USNM 502902 .

BRAZIL – Amapá state • [9v]; west of Cassiporé river mouth; 4°35′30″ N, 50°21′00″ W; 104 m depth; 18 May 1971; GEOMAR III, stn 210; CMPHRM 3678 • [4v]; west of Amazon river mouth; 02°01′00″ N, 47°32′30″ W; 86 m depth; 20 Apr. 1971; GEOMAR III, stn 150; CMPHRM 3679 • [1v]; Amazon canyons ; 02°53′00″ N, 47°17′00″ W; 112 m depth; 14 Sep. 1970; GEOMAR II, stn 129; CMPHRM 3680 I . – Bahia state • [5v]; 15°53′49″ S, 38°31′05″ W; 66 m depth; 30 Apr. 1996; REVIZEE/SCORE Central, stn C76; MNRJ 15892 • [5v]; Royal Charlotte Bank ; 15°53′49″ S, 38°31′05″ W; 66 m depth; 30 Apr. 1996; REVIZEE/SCORE Central, stn 76C; IBUFRJ 12337 . – Espírito Santo state • [1i, 2v]; Trindade island ; 20°29′ S, 29°18′ W; 63 m depth; 22 May 1987; Marion Dufresne MD 55, stn DC61; MNRJ 25957 • [1i]; Vitória-Trindade Seamounts ; 20°41′41″ S, 34°35′02″ W; 108 m depth; 12 Jul. 2001; REVIZEE/SCORE Central, stn 45R; IBUFRJ 21296 . – Ceará state • [1v]; Canopus Bank ; 03°13′ S, 38°31′ W; CMPHRM 712A . – Pernambuco state • [2v]; Itamaracá island ; CMPHRM 3695A . – Alagoas state • [1v]; Maceió ; 09°27′08″ S, 35°07′07″ W; 08 Sep. 1965; CMPHRM 3651A .

COUNTRY UNKNOWN • [7v]; Mediterranean ; 82 m depth; 1870; USNM 172020 • [2s, 5v]; Mediterranean, off Soloom Bay ; 73–220 m depth; USNM 172017 • [3v]; Aegean Sea ; 450 m depth; USNM 172025 .

IBERIAN PENINSULA • [2v]; Gibraltar; 1942; C.B. Adams leg.; MCZ 154438 .

IRELAND • [In part, 10s and 2v]; northwest off Ireland ; 300 m depth; 1869; Porcupine Expedition , stn 25; USNM 172007 .

ITALY • [4v]; Naples; 11 Sep. 1937; S. Putzep leg.; MCZ 231146 .

SCOTLAND • [1v]; Loch Fyne ; MCZ 243626 .

SPAIN • [2v]; Cartagena Bay; 84–153 m depth; 1870; USNM 172018 .

Description

Shell small (maximum length 9.3 mm; maximum height 6.3 mm). Shell flank trapezoidal, umbones blunt. Anterodorsal margin forming a shoulder, anterior margin little extended, ventral margin rounded, crenulated. Rostrum short, tapering towards the tip, posteroventral sinuation unobtrusive, posterodorsal margin curved upwards, extending above the umbones. External sculpture of 18–35 radial ribs, weak and closely spaced anteriorly; becoming stronger posteriorly, the last three to four being the strongest and most widely spaced, the posterior most rib separated from the previous ones; commarginal growth lines well marked; rostrum with one to three radial lines.

Type localities

North of Spain, Bay of Biscay (608–1037 m depth). Southwest of Portugal, Gulf of Cádiz (2100 m depth). Mediterranean Sea, off Xauen Bank (322 m depth).

Geographic distribution

Mediterranean Sea, north Atlantic Ocean and Brazil. Confirmed records: United States: North Carolina to Florida ( Mikkelsen & Bieler 2008), Texas ( Tunnell et al. 2010). West Indies ( Mikkelsen & Bieler 2008); Bahamas ( Mikkelsen & Bieler 2008); Barbados, off Paynés Bay ( USNM 502902); Guadeloupe ( Lamy & Pointier 2018). Caribbean Central American ( Mikkelsen & Bieler 2008). Scotland: Shetland: Whales Skerries ( Jeffreys 1865), Loch Fyne ( MCZ 243626). Western Europe: Hebrides Seamount ( Allen & Morgan 1981). Dublin: off Ireland ( USNM 172007). Italy: Sea of Sardinia, Tavolara island ( Porcheddu et al. 1997), Naples ( MCZ 231146). France: off Nantes ( Allen & Morgan 1981); west of Brest ( Allen & Morgan 1981); Saint-Raphael ( Locard 1898); Provence ( Locard 1898); Marseille ( Locard 1898); Bay of Biscay ( Locard 1899; Allen & Morgan 1981). Iberian Peninsula: Gibraltar ( MCZ 154438). Spain: Cartagena Bay ( USNM 172018). Gulf of Cádiz (type locality). Portugal: Cape St Vicent ( Salas 1996); Off Huelva ( Salas 1996); West of the Straith of Gibraltar ( Salas 1996). Morocco: off Casablanca ( Salas 1996); off Rabat ( Salas 1996); East of Ceuta ( Salas 1996); Alboran Ridge ( Salas 1996); Xauen Bank ( Salas 1996); West of Alboran basin ( Salas 1996); Aegean sea: ( USNM 172025). Mediterranean: ( Poutiers & Bernard 1995) ( USNM 172020); off Soloom Bay ( USNM 172017). Brazil: Amapá state, Amazon Canyons ( CMPHRM 3680I); west of Cassiporé river mouth ( CMPHRM 3679; CMPHRM 3678); Ceará state, Canopus, off Ceará (712A); Pernambuco state, Itamaracá Island ( CMPHRM 3695A); Bahia state: ( MNRJ 15892); Royal Charlotte Bank ( IBUFRJ 12337); Espírito Santo state ( MNRJ 25957). Bathymetry: from 50 m ( Porcheddu et al. 1997) to 2100 m ( Locard 1898).

Remarks

Cardiomya striolata ( Locard, 1897) , was usually regarded as a junior-synonym of Cardiomya costellata (Deshayes, 1835) , with more strongly ribbed ornamentation (see Dall 1886; Salas 1996; Porcheddu et al. 1997). However, in our opinion C. striolata is a distinct, full species, which differs from C. costellata by its tapering rostrum which extends above the umbones, trapezoidal shell flank, anterodorsal margin forming a shoulder, and unobtrusive posteroventral sinuation.

Cardiomya costellata was described based on fossil specimens from the Tertiary of Greece ( Fig. 4I ). Since its original description, several incorrect records of C. costellata have been made in a series of erroneous taxonomic identifications of different species (e.g., Philippi 1844; Abbott 1974; Abbott & Morris 1995; Redfern 2001; Ardovini & Cossignani 2004; Lee 2009; Morton 2016; Oliver et al. 2016; Lamy & Pointier 2018). Literature records of true specimens of C. striolata could be confirmed in references of C. costellata accompanied by figures, detailed descriptions or cross-referenced with vouchers in collections. Additionally, many specimens of C. striolata labeled as C. costellata were found among museums holdings.

Considering the specimens from Brazil, Cardiomya striolata has often been misidentified in the literature: [1] part of the specimens listed as C. cleryana in Barroso et al. (2016: 6) , as well as the figured specimen in Barroso et al. (2016: 7, fig. 5). [2] the specimen figured in Machado et al. (2016: 3, figs 1A–B) as C. perrostrata and then identified as C. cleryana by Oliveira et al. (2017: 286). [3] the specimen from CMPHRM 712A reported upon as C. perrostrata by Barroso et al. (2016) and later identified as C. striata by Oliveira et al. (2017). [4] Absalão et al. (2006) recorded the occurrence of C. cleryana and C. perrostrata at Bahia State. These specimens were later identified as Cardiomya cleryana (MNRJ 15892) and a mix of C. cleryana and C. ornatissima (IBUFRJ 12337) by Oliveira et al. (2017: 291). However, the specimens identified as C. cleryana on both lots are actually Cardiomya striolata . The specimens of C. ornatissima were renumbered as IBUFRJ 21305.

Cardiomya striata can be distinguished from C. striolata by its rectangular shell flank and entire shell (including the rostrum) ornamented with radial ribs.

Figures

Fig. 3. Cardiomya striolata (Locard, 1897). A–E. IBUFRJ 21296. A–B. External view, right and left valve. C–D. Details of the rostrum and posterior radial rib. E. Hinge detail, right valve. F. CMPHRM 3679. Hinge detail, left valve. Scale bars: A–B, E–F = 1 mm; C–D = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 4. A–H. Cardiomya striolata (Locard, 1897). External view. A–C. Left valve. D–F. Right valve. A, E. CMPHRM 3679. B–C, F. CMPHRM 3678. D. CMPHRM 3680I. G–H. Syntype MNHN 24210. — Cardiomya costellata (Deshayes, 1835). I. Original picture. Scale bars = 2 mm.