Cranfillia vulcanica (Blume) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich, 2016

Gasper, André Luís De, Dittrich, Viníciusantonio De Oliveira, Smith, Alan R. & Salino, Alexandre, 2016, A classification for Blechnaceae (Polypodiales: Polypodiopsida): New genera, resurrected names, and combinations, Phytotaxa 275 (3), pp. 191-227 : 208

12. Cranfillia vulcanica (Blume) Gasper & V.A.O.Dittrich , comb. nov. — Lomaria vulcanica Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae 202. 1828. — Blechnum vulcanicum (Blume) Kuhn, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 284. 1869.

Diploblechnum Hayata, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 41: 702. 1927. — Type: Diploblechnum fraseri (A.Cunn.) De Vol, Fl. Taiwan 1: 153. 1975. Figs. 3H , 6E .

Pteridoblechnum Hennipman, Blumea 13: 397. 1966. — Type: Pteridoblechnum neglectum (F.M.Bailey) Hennipman.

Steenisioblechnum Hennipman, Blumea 30: 17. 1984. — Type: Steenisioblechnum acuminatum (C.T.White & Goy) Hennipman.

Plants terrestrial; rhizomes slender, long- to short-creeping, or caudices erect, densely clothed at apices with bicolorous, linear-acuminate or lanceolate, entire or sparingly toothed scales; fronds dimorphic or slightly dimorphic; stipes slender, short, brown to reddish, densely scaly proximally, fewer persistent scales distally; blades concolorous, ovate to narrowly elliptic, pinnate to deeply pinnatifid, or bipinnatisect to bipinnate, usually becoming bipinnatifid distally, proximal pinnae gradually to abruptly reduced with one or two pairs of pinnae, or abruptly reduced to winged lobes extending down rachis, apical portions of the blades pinnatifid; rachises with sparse scales; buds sometimes present in axils of distal pinnae; aerophores absent; pinnae subpetiolulate to adnate, narrowly linear to narrowly elliptic, lanceolate, slightly revolute, margins subentire to crenate; veins free, 1-furcate, each ending in a clavate hydathode or (in D. neglectum ) anastomosing and forming polygonal areoles, these in ca. 2 rows between costae and pinna margins; sori linear, indusiate, indusia subentire to erose, reflexed at maturity and not covering sporangia; x = 27, 28.

Species number, comments, and distribution:— Six species, in Malesia, Australia, and Oceania. The species usually have narrow, erect rhizomes (sometimes over 1 m tall) that may eventually collapse and thus appear to be long-creeping, as reported by Cranfill (2001). The blades are pinnate to deeply pinnatifid or bipinnatisect to bipinnate, usually becoming bipinnatifid distally, and the basal pinnae gradually to abruptly reduced or the stipes winged. Diploblechnum is closely related to the Lomariocycas clade, plus the Neoblechnum-Oceaniopteris - Doodia clade and the Parablechnum clade (Gasper et al. in press).

Figures

FIGURE 3. General appearance of the genera of Blechnaceae subfamily Blechnoideae (A-D). A. Austroblechnum penna-marina (FURB06706); B. Blechnidium melanopus (P02439094); C. Blechnopsis orientalis (P01406555); D. Blechnum occidentale (FURB06701); E. Brainea insignis (P01482127); F. Cleistoblechnum eburneum (P00627565); G. Cranfillia fluviatilis (P01606472); H. Diploblechnum fraseri (P01557366); I. Doodia aspera (P01618184). Vouchers are indicated by herbarium barcodes.

FIGURE 6. Habitat of Blechnaceae genera. A. Blechnum occidentale; B. Brainea insignis; C. Cleistoblechnum eburneum. D. Cranfillia vulcanica; E. Diploblechnum fraserii; F. Doodia caudata; G. Icarus filiformis; H. Lomaria spannagelii; I. Lomaridium acutum. Photos from: A. Luis Adriano Funez; B. Ralf Knapp; C. Ralf Knap; D. Julie F. Barcelona; E. Michael Sundue; F. Paulo Araújo; G. WELT herbarium; H. Vinícius A.O. Dittrich; I. Tiago João Cadorin. Reproduced with permission from the authors.