Zygops Schoenherr, 1825: c.586

Anzaldo, Salvatore S., 2017, Review of the genera of Conoderinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from North America, Central America, and the Caribbean, ZooKeys 683, pp. 51-138 : 92

Zygops Schoenherr, 1825: c.586 Figs 34 , 102

= Eccoptus Dejean, 1821: 86 [Syn.: O’Brien and Wibmer 1984: 296]. Type species: Curculio strix Olivier, 1790 [by monotypy]. Suppressed for priority (ICZN 1987).

= Eccyptus [Fischer von Waldheim], 1829: 99. Type species: Curculio strix Olivier, 1790 [by monotypy].

Type species.

Poecilma wiedii Germar, 1824.

Gender.

Masculine.

Diagnosis.

Of the genera occuring north of South America, Zygops could be mistaken only with Peltophorus with the large, exposed pygidium that is mostly visible in dorsal view and deflecting the fifth abdominal ventrite ventrally at the apex, and the sulcate subapical constriction of the prothorax. Zygops can be differentiated from Peltophorus by the shorter metatibial setal comb (Fig. 34 ), the much longer second funicular article (usually at least 2 times longer in Zygops , 1.5-2 times longer in Peltophorus ), the metafemora ventrally with more than one tooth (in many species), the more elongate tibial uncus (Fig. 34 ), and the less developed mesoventrite, which in Zygops is usually flattened, but in some with the posterolateral margin tumescent (e.g. Z. maculipes Desbrochers, 1891) or with small projections (e.g. the South American Z. leucogaster Desbrochers, 1891). The prosternal channel is sometimes very narrow and scarcely depressed, and the procoxae are sometimes very narrowly separated or even contiguous (e.g. in Z. maculipes ).

Notes.

The genus Eccoptus Dejean, 1821 was suppressed despite having priority over Zygops Schoenherr, 1825 (petitioned in O’Brien and Wibmer 1986, ruled by ICZN 1987) for the purpose of nomenclatural stability: the name Eccoptus had been used much less frequently (though most recently resurrected in O’Brien and Wibmer 1982) and the name Zygops formed the base for the subfamilial name in use at the time, Zygopinae .

Keys .

Champion 1906b: 21.

Phylogenetic relationships.

See Peltophorus . Most similar to Peltophorus of the genera treated here, but the distinction between Zygops and the South American genera Parazygops and Colpothorax is less distinct, based on the shape of the rostrum and the shape of the prothorax, respectively.

Host associations.

Some species have been reared from branches of various genera of Lecythidaceae ( Fassbender 2013, Fassbender et al. 2014).

Described species.

Eighteen species are known from the focal region and an additional 34 species are known only from South America ( Wibmer and O’Brien 1986: 267).

Range.

Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Dominican Republic ( Poinar and Legalov 2013, fossil); South America.

Figures

Figures 19 - 36. Variation in the metatibial apex. 19 Mesotibial apex of Lechriops vestitus illustrating parts of the tibial apex: a) posterior apical angle with large, curved uncus; b) middle of the apex with produced, rounded inner flange; c) anterior apical margin with premucro; d) oblique ridge of premucro; e) apical setal tuft 20 Male Trichodocerus brevilineatus [ARTSYS 0000609] with a tibial uncus arising at the middle of the apex 21 Cratosomus punctulatus mexicanus [ASUHIC 0031510] with thick fascicles of golden setae near the anterior apical margin and a dense setal brush at the posterior apical face 22 Pseudopiazurus centraliamericanus [ASUHIC 0086627] with a large, subapical premucro 23 Piazurus laetus [SSAC 0001077], showing a typical tibial apex for that genus 24 Acoptus suturalis [ASUHIC 0016915] 25 Cylindrocopturinus pictus [SSAC 0001288] with a pointed, premucro-like inner flange 26 Pseudolechriops klopferi [SSAC 0001060] showing an elongate, uncus-like inner flange. 27 Arachnomorpha circumlineata [ARTSYS 0000535] 28 Archocopturus medeterae [ASUHIC 16884] 29 Cylindrocopturus adspersus [ASUHIC 0016896] with a rounded, produced inner flange 30 Helleriella longicollis [ASUHIC 0065241] with a very short uncus 31 Lissoderes cecropiae [ASUHIC 0064707] with an elongate uncus and minute premucro 32 Phileas granulatus [ARTSYS 0000528] with the middle of the apex (between uncus and premucro) sunken 33 Peltophorus adustus [ASUHIC 0012325] with a short uncus and posterodistal setal comb extending halfway to the base of the tibia 34 Zygops erythropygus [ASUHIC 0086640] with short posterodistal setal comb. 35 Philenis flavipes [ASUHIC 0065102] 36 Philinna bicristata [ARTSYS 0000799] with a small tooth at the anterior apical angle.

Figures 99 - 102. Lateral and dorsal habitus images of Zygopini. Scale bars = 2 mm unless otherwise specified. 99 a-b Peltophorus polymitus suffusus [ASUHIC 0016837]. 100 a-b Phileas granulatus [ARTSYS 0000528]. 101 a-b Philenis flavipes [ASUHIC 0065102]; scale bar for 101 a = 1 mm 102 a-b Zygops vitticollis [ASUHIC 0086634]; scale bar for 102 b = 5 mm.