Encyclia patens Hooker (1830: 3013)

Bastos, Cláudia A., Meneguzzo, Thiago E. C. & Berg, Cássio Van Den, 2018, A taxonomic revision of the Brazilian species of Encyclia (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Epidendreae), Phytotaxa 342 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

30. Encyclia patens Hooker (1830: 3013) . Type :— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: no date, no collector (holotype: K

583895!) ( Figs. 18 , 26C, D ).

Heterotypic synonyms:

Encyclia odoratissima (Lindl.) Schlechter (1914: 210) . Basionym: Epidendrum odoratissimum Lindley (1831: 1415) . Type:— BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: July 1878, Mirens 3545 (holotype: K-L!; isotype: BM 47569 !).

Encyclia flava (Lindley) Porto & Brade (1935: 246). Basionym: Epidendrum flavum Lindley (1840: 83) . Type:— BRASIL. São Paulo: no date, no collector (holotype: “herb. Mart.”, M 226735; illustration K-L!).

Epiphytic herbs, 26.5−43.8 cm tall. Pseudobulbs conical, (4.0)7.1−8.8 × (1.7)2.0− 2.5 cm. Leaves 2−3, lanceolate to oblong, (19.0)21.1−35.0 × 1.0− 1.8 cm, apex acute. Inflorescence a densely 6−12-flowered, simple raceme; peduncle 15.5−25.6 cm long; rachis 10.8−14.0 (17.0−19.0) cm long. Floral pedicel 1.8−3.7 × 0.2−0.3 cm, warty; sepals greenish with dark red stripes or greenish yellow, dorsal lanceolate, 1.5−1.7 × 0.3−0.5 cm, laterals lanceolate, 1.5−1.8 × 0.5 cm, patent, margin entire, apex acute; petals greenish with dark red stripes or greenish yellow, spatulate, 1.5 × 0.5 cm, patent, margin entire, apex acute; lip with claw 0.10−0.20 × 0.15−0.30 cm, lateral lobes free relative to midlobe, 0.8−0.9 × 0.3−0.4 cm, white, at a 45° angle with the midlobe (in the flattened lip), not overlapping it, margin entire, apex obtuse, midlobe rounded or cordate, 0.6−0.8 × 0.7−0.9 cm, white with few pinkish stripes, conduplicate, margin entire, apex uncinate, callus cymbiform, apex of the callus acute; column clavate, 0.7−1.0 × 0.3−0.5 cm, clinandrium apex tridentate, lateral teeth short horn-like, apex premorse, arms of the column quadrate, 0.15−0.2 × 0.1 cm, apex obtuse; stigma rounded, with basal hooks; anther 1 in var. patens and 3 in var. sorroniana , yellow.

30.1. Encyclia patens var. patens

Distribution and habitat:— Widely distributed in the Northeast and south, in cerrado and Atlantic Forest ( Fig. 16 ).

Phenology:— Flowering all year.

Etymology:— From the Latin patens , patente, in reference to the tepals.

Taxonomic notes: Encyclia patens var. patens can be easily recognised by the rounded midlobe and the column with a single anther, whereas E. patens var. serroniana has three anthers, which often leads to spontaneous selfpollination. It forms autogamous populations isolated from the allogamous populations of var. patens (Barros 1983) . This character seems also associated with differences in scent and small variations in flower colour. Encyclia patens has scented flowers with pale colours, greenish with red streaks, whereas flowers of var. serroniana have no perfume and are greenish-yellow with brownish-red spots ( Romanini & Barros 2007). Some authors have considered E. patens var. patens and var. serroniana a single species with only variation in anther number, and the lateral anthers have been reported as sterile ( Withner 2000, Toscano de Brito & Cribb 2005). Others considered E. patens var. serroniana a separate species ( Santos et al. 2009), and some other authors have supported var. serroniana (Barros 1983, Romanini & Barros 2007). Because the only real difference between E. patens and E. patens var. serroniana is restricted to the number of anthers, we agree to consider it a variety of E. patens , an decision supported by the fact that there is no different geographical pattern associated with these two varieties.

Encyclia flava has been confirmed as a synonym of E. patens . Epidendrum flavum was described by Lindley (1831), probably based on a line drawing sent by Martius from São Paulo, the precise provenance of which is unknown. The protologue indicated “Caza Pintada”. This illustration used by Lindley corresponds exactly to E. patens . The confusion of Epidendrum flavum being misapplied started with Lindley (1853) in Folia orchidacea in which he cited two other specimens for Epi. flavum . One of them, Gardner 3456, had been collected from cerrado vegetation in Goiás State, Brazil. Because of this, several authors, such as Withner (2000 considered Gardner 3456 as the type of Epi. flavum . Cogniaux (1898) listed Martius 510 as Epidendrum flavum , as well as other collections including Gardner 3456. A line illustration of the flower details of Gardner 3456 was prepared by Toscano de Brito in Kew and reproduced in Withner (2000), who considered E. tripartita and E. mapuerae as synonyms of E. flava . In Toscano de Brito’s illustration, the column has no lateral arms, a character used by other authors to synonymise E. linearifolioides and E. conchaechila under E. flava (Castro Neto & Chiron 2002b) . However, in the original description of E. flavum, Lindley stated clearly that the column is ‘auriculate’. A clarification for this was first provided by Dalström (2006), followed by a retraction in Castro Neto (2008). For this study, we have studied again Gardner 3456 at K, and there is no doubt that it is E. linearifolioides , but it it not the type. We found the Martius specimen on which the line drawing at K was based and then was subsequently used by Lindley as the basis for description of Epidendrum flavum at M, and we can state therefore that the association of E. linearifolioides with E. flava is in error.

Selected specimens examined: BRAZIL. Alagoas: União dos Palmares, Serra das Bananeiras , 500−560 m, 3 November 2002, Thomas et al. 13220 ( CEPEC) . Bahia: Arataca, Serra das Lontras National Park , Serra Peito de Moça , 659 m, 12 September 2012, Bastos & Daneu 340 ( HUEFS) . Espírito Santo: Castelo , 556 m, 6 December 1956, Pereira 2247 ( RB) ; Domingos Martins, São Paulo do Aracê , 30 July 1986, Milanezi et al. s.n. ( VIES 3213 ) ; Fundão, Goiapaba-Açu , 610 m, 29 June 2003, Fontana & Sarmento 607 ( MBML) ; Guaçuí, Itabapoana River , 26 May 1998, Ribeiro s.n. ( SP 329737 ) ; Mimoso do Sul, bridge on Itabapoana River , 31 July 1936, Mazzini 4 ( SP) ; no locality, 23 July 1962, Seidel 889 ( HB) ; Muqui , 17 July 1961, no collector ( ESA 6541 ) ; Santa Maria de Jetibá, Garrafão District, Garrafão Stone , 20 September 2003, Berger & Belz s.n. ( MBML 21717 ) ; Santa Teresa, Nova Lombardia , 800 m, 27 September 2001, Kollmann et al. 4789 ( MBML) ; São Roque do Canaã , Pedra dos Três Carneiros, 740 m, 24 December 2003, Fontana et al. 693 ( MBML) . Minas Gerais: Bom Jardim de Minas , 11 October 1960, Salib s.n. ( HB 19439 ) ; Caldas, Pedra Branca , August 1919, Hoehne 3419 ( SP) ; Carangola, Carangola River , 700 m, no date, no collector ( HB 78538 ) ; Carrancas, Guilherme Quarry , 22 May 1997, Singer & Simões s.n. ( UEC 140084 ) ; Congonhas, Espinhaço Mountains , 18 October 2003, Sratori et al. 672 ( VIC) ; Delfim Moreira , no date, no collector ( ESA 2055 ) ; Descoberto, Represa do Grama Biological Reserve , June 2001, Castro 538 ( MBM) ; Diamantina, Morro do Pilar , 572 m, 1 August 2006, Salles et al. 4235 ( HEPH) ; Ervália, Serra do Brigadeiro , 1400 m, 19 July 1963, no collector ( ESA 16374 ) ; Extrema , 31 July 1962, Trindade s.n. ( ESA 16159 ) ; Formiga , 9 August 1963, no collector ( ESA 4188 ) ; Juiz de Fora, São Mateus Farm , 20 September 1968, Gomes 12 ( HB) ; Manhuaçu , 3 August 1942, Heringer 582 ( SP, VIC) ; Morro do Pilar , 12 October 1976, no collector ( ESA 31438 ) ; Pitangui, Peixe River , 4 October 1976, no collector ( ESA 31477 ) ; Pouso Alegre, Jacinto Farm , 5 September 1961, no collector ( ESA 12633 ) ; Rio Doce , 334 m, 11 June 1949, Magalhães 51319 ( UB) ; Santa Rita de Ibitipoca, Ibitipoca State Park , 28 October 2004, Menini Neto et al. 165 ( R) ; Viçosa , 1 September 1962, Shimoya s.n. ( VIC 5148 ) . Paraná: Doutor Ulysses , 15 May 1997, Hatschbach et al. 66526 ( MBM) ; Guaraqueçaba, Salto Morato Nature Reserve , 6 September 1998, Gatti & Gatti 522 ( SP, UPCB) ; Guaratuba, Vitório River , 15 December 1998, Borgo & Silva 248 ( MBM, UPCB) ; Morretes, Pico do Morumbi State Park , 16 December 1998, Giongo 84 ( MBM, UPCB) ; Paranaguá, Ilha do Mel , 29 August 2000, Kersten et al. 399 ( UPCB) ; Telêmaco Borba, Salto Mauá , 550 m, 24 June 2008, Bonnet s.n. ( UPCB 65182 ) . Rio de Janeiro: Angra dos Reis, Retiro Farm , 4 m, 27 July 1963, no collector ( ESA 13620 ) ; Areal, Pabst s.n. ( HB 424 ) ; Cantagalo, Morro Queimado , 13 June 1945, Dechioni 73 ( RB) ; Duque de Caxias, near the trail to the Taquara River , 1 August 1999, Santana et al. 68 ( HB, R) ; Itatiaia, near the road to Maromba , 1050 m, 10 September 1995, Braga et al. 2797 ( RB) ; Nova Friburgo, Lumiar , 1 November 1977, no collector ( ESA 24105 ) ; Macaé, Friburgo , 1500 m, 4 October 1959, Pabst 5187 ( HB) ; Nova Iguaçu, Serra da Mendanha , 400 m; 6 August 1987, Araujo 7911 ( R) ; Paraty , 75 m, 1 August 1975, Araujo 738 ( RB) ; Petrópolis , 869 m, 1 June 1977, Martinelli 2553 ( RB) ; Porciúncula, Elefantina Stone , 9 January 1984, Carauta et al. 4511 ( GUA) ; Resende , 500 m, 28 September 1917, no collector ( HB 1210 ) ; Rio de Janeiro, 187 m, 7 May 1941, Brade 16814 ( RB) ; São Pedro da Aldeia , 700 m, 31 May 1963, no collector ( ESA 15776 ) ; Teresópolis, Serra dos Órgãos National Park , 1800 m, January 1952, Vidal II-235 ( R) ; Vassouras, Palmital , 21 May 1961, Castellanos s.n. ( R 4467 ) ; no locality, 1873, Shwancke 1359 ( RB) . Santa Catarina: Florianópolis , 29 m, 14 July 1946, Ruhr 560 ( RB) ; Santo Amaro da Imperatriz, Morro Cambriela , November 1950, Robr. 2028 ( HB) ; Palhoça, Brito Cove , 105 m, August 1946, Carriz s.n. ( HUEFS 161279 , RB 57458 ) ; Sombrio , 13 m, 13 September 1945, Reitz 1204 ( RB) . São Paulo: Amparo , May 1926, Sampaio 4571 ( R) ; Angatuba , florestal garden of the state, July 1966, Emmerich s.n. ( HB 41116 ) ; Apiaí, Apiaí− Iporanga , 550 m, 17 November 1962, no collector ( ESA 11022 ) ; Araraquara, Matão , 10 August 1964, no collector ( ESA 12259 ) ; Atibaia, Grota Funda Municipal Park , 900−1400 m, no date, Bernacci et al. 28427 ( UEC) ; Bertioga , 12 July 1969, Braga & Waras 1674 ( RB) ; Bragança Paulista , July 1910, Duarte 63 ( SP) ; Cananéia , 21 June 1961, no collector ( ESA 11254 ) ; Cananéia, Ilha do Cardoso , 18 October 2005, Romanini 242 ( HUEFS, SP) ; Capão Bonito, Boa Esperança Farm , 650 m, 27 July 1962, no collector ( ESA 10416 ) ; Conchas ,, 15 June 1976, no collector ( ESA 31117 ) ; Guaratinguetá , 625 m, 1916, Porto 304 ( RB) ; Iguape, Morro das Pedras , 1927, Brade s.n. ( HB 8326 ) ; Ilha Comprida , 14 June 1961, no collector ( ESA 9556 ) ; Iporanga , 5 June 1961, no collector ( ESA 11569 ) ; Itirapina, Pinheiro , 6 June 1961, no collector ( ESA 9998 ) ; Jacupiranga , 21 November 1960, no collector ( ESA 9664 ) ; Jundiaí, Serra do Japi , 30 August 2003, Pansarin & Mickeliunas 1071 ( UEC) ; Juquiá, Serra do Mar , 2 July 1962, no collector ( ESA 11181 ) ; Laranjal Paulista, Estrela Farm , 2 July 1971, no collector ( ESA 29977 ) ; Mogi das Cruzes, Serra do Itapety , 856, 1 m, 13 July 2006, Rodrigues & Vinhos 59 ( SP) ; Pariquera-Açu , 15 km to the east of the BR 116, 22 June 1996, van den Berg et al. 185 ( ESA) ; Peruíbe, grounds of the Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station , 16 May 2007, Moura et al. 101 ( SPSF) ; Piracicaba, Paredão Vermelho , 2 July 1962, no collector ( ESA 13505 ) ; Registro, Ribeira River , 22 June 1961, no collector ( ESA 9795 ) ; Rio Claro , 2 June 1961, no collector ( ESA 10704 ) ; Salesópolis, Ponte Nova , 850 m, 5 January 1970, no collector ( ESA 27631 ) ; São José dos Campos, Santa Ana Farm , 28 September 1959, no collector ( ESA 2967 ) ; São Manuel , 19 July 1975, Seidel 1144 ( HB) ; São Miguel Arcanjo, Cralos Botelho State Park , 23 April 2002, Udulutsch et al. 659 ( ESA, SPSF) ; São Paulo, Butantã , 13 April 1921, Hoehne s.n. ( HUEFS 185650 , SP 5842 , SPF 81937 ) ; São Sebastião, Barra do Uma beach, 30 m, 22 April 2000, Forster et al. 497 ( ESA) ; Taubaté , 579 m, August 1952, Welter s.n. ( HB) ; Ubatuba, Picinguaba , 26 May 1989, Ribeiro 574 ( HRCB) ; Valinhos, Morro das Pedras , June 1919, Brade s.n. ( HB 8327 ) .

30.2. Encyclia patens var. serroniana (Barbosa Rodrigues) Romanini & Barros (2007: 102) . Basionym: Epidendrum serronianum Barbosa Rodrigues (1877: 53) . Type: BRASIL. Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, Serra da Gávea, June, no collector (lectoype designated by Meneguzzo et al. (2010): illustration by Barbosa Rodrigues (AMES) published in Iconographie des orchidées du Brésil: t. 66, reproduced in Sprunger et al. (1996: 270, t. 7)!).

Homoypic synonyms:

Encyclia serroniana (Barb.Rodr.) Hoehne (1952: 124) .

Encyclia odoratissima var. serroniana (Barb.Rodr.) Brieger ex Barros (1983: 91) .

Distribution and habitat:— This variety occurs in the southeast, south and Northeast, in cerrado and Atlantic Forest.

Phenology:— Flowering June–November.

Etymology:— This name honours Custódio Alves Serrão.

Taxonomic notes:— As mentioned in the treatment of E. patens var. patens , E. patens var. serroniana has three anthers and is autogamous. Soon after opening, the flower has a well-developed ovary with a rough surface that makes identification easy, also in herbarium specimens.

Selected specimens examined: BRAZIL. Bahia: Morro do Chapéu, Morrão , 1025 m, 8 September 2007, Melo et al. 5071 ( HUEFS) ; Mucugê, Gerais do Guiné , 1400 m, 10 November 2008, Azevedo & Dittrich 347 ( HUEFS) . Espírito Santo: Muqui , 291 m, 29 June 1978, Seidel 1205 ( HB) ; Santa Teresa, Nova Lombardia , 890 m, 28 August 2002, Vervloet et al. 787 ( MBML) . Minas Gerais: Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro− Belo Horizonte road, 1450 m, 1 October 1964, no collector ( ESA 16646 ) ; Jaboticatubas, Serra do Cipó , 16 October 1976, no collector ( ESA 31310 ) . Paraná: Antonina , 15 August 2003, Stancik 41 ( UPCB) ; Paranaguá, Ilha do Mel, Ecological Station , 2 August 1987, Souza 1029 ( UPCB) . Rio de Janeiro: Petrópolis , 869 m, 16 June 1974, Martinelli 325 ( RB) . Rio Grande do Sul: Torres , 8 m, September 1960, Brick s.n. ( HB) . Santa Catarina: Florianópolis, Sertão da Lagoa , 200 m, 11 June 1950, Ruhr s.n. ( HB 748 ) ; Itajaí , 5 June 1972, Seidel 1038 ( HB) ; Joinville , 53 m, 23 July 1962, Seidel 887 ( HB) ; Palhoça, Morro do Cambriela , 300 m, 20 August 1971, Brosolin 328 ( HB) . São Paulo: Cananéia, Ilha do Cardoso State Park , 22 July 2002, Breier & Nakakura 360 ( UEC) ; Mogi das Cruzes, Serra do Itapety , 1190.9 m, 20 July 2006, Rodrigues & Vinhos 69 ( SP) ; São José dos Campos , 11 October 1960, no collector ( ESA 2128 ) ; São Paulo, 779 m, March 1941, Brade s.n. ( RB 199931 ) .

Figures

FIGURE 16. Distribution in Brazil of Encyclia oliveirana, E. oncidioides, E. osmantha, E. pahyantha, E. patens and E. patens var. serroniana.

FIGURE 18. A−G. Encyclia pachyantha. A. Dorsal sepal. B. Lateral sepal. C. Petal. D. Lip. E. Detail of lip callus. F. Column front view. G. Column side view (Silva 112). H−N. Encyclia patens. H. Dorsal sepal. I. Lateral sepal. J. Petal. K. Lip. L. Detail of lip callus. M. Column front view. N. Column side view (Bastos 340). O−V.Encyclia patens var. serroniana. O. Habit. P. Dorsal sepal. Q. Lateral sepal. R. Petal. S. Lip. T. Detail of lip callus. U. Column front view. V. Column side view (Melo 5071). Illustration by Carla de Lima.

FIGURE 26. A. Encyclia oncidioides. B. Encyclia osmantha. C. Encyclia patens. D. Encyclia patens var. serroniana. E. Encyclia pauciflora. F. Encyclia randii. G. Encyclia replicata. H. Encyclia seidelii. I. Encyclia spiritusanctensis. J. Encyclia thienii. K. Encyclia unaensis. L. Encyclia viridiflora. M. Encyclia xerophytica. (Photographers:A−C, E−M: C. van den Berg. D: A. Peres Júnior).