Encyclia chloroleuca (Hook.) Neumann (1845: 137)

Bastos, Cláudia A., Meneguzzo, Thiago E. C. & Berg, Cássio Van Den, 2018, A taxonomic revision of the Brazilian species of Encyclia (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Epidendreae), Phytotaxa 342 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

11. Encyclia chloroleuca (Hook.) Neumann (1845: 137) . Basionym: Epidendrum chloroleucum Hooker (1837 : t.

3557). Type :— GUYANA. Demerara: no locality, May 1836, Allcard s.n. (holotype: K 79542 !) ( Figs. 9 , 24K ) .

Heterotypic synonyms:

Encyclia viridiflava Menezes (1991d: 21) . Type:— BRAZIL. Rondônia: Rolim de Moura e Ariquemes, July 1990, Menezes UB4 (holotype: UB!; epitype designated by Meneguzzo et al. 2010 due to the fragmentary nature of the type specimen: photograph on the left in Menezes 1991d: 21!).

Encyclia chloroleuca var. rubescens Sambin & Chiron (2015: 199) . Type :— FRENCH GUIANA. Macouria : coastal track of Wayabo, 2012, Sambin s.n. (holotype: K 294031 !).

Epiphytic herbs, 28.7−37.1 cm tall. Pseudobulbs conical, 7.1 × 1.5 cm. Leaves 2, oblong, 21.8−29.4 × 1.6−2.1 cm, apex obtuse to acute. Inflorescence a densely 17−24-flowered, simple to compound raceme; peduncle 15.6−20.7 cm long; rachis 19.3−24.2 cm long. Flowers with pedicel 2.0 × 0.2 cm, warty; sepals lime green, dorsal lanceolate, c. 1.2−1.3 × 0.3−0.4 cm, laterals lanceolate, 1.1−1.3 × 0.3−0.4 cm, pendent, margin entire, apex acute; petals lime green, lanceolate to subspatulate, 1.0−1.4 × 0.3−0.4 cm, pendent, margin entire, apex acute; lip with claw 0.10−0.15 × 0.15−0.20 cm, lateral lobes free relative to cymbiform midlobe, 0.6−0.7 × 0.3 cm, white, at about a 90° angle to the midlobe (in the flattened lip), not overlapping it, margin entire, apex obtuse, midlobe rounded, 0.5−0.6 × 0.5−0.7 cm, white streaked with pink, sinuous, margin undulate, apex truncate, callus cymbiform, acute; column clavate, 0.6−0.7 × 0.2−0.3 cm, clinandrium apex tridentate, lateral teeth triangular, apex acute, arms of the column elliptic, 0.6−0.7 × 0.2−0.3 cm, apex obtuse; stigma elliptic, with basal hooks; anther one, yellow, c. 0.15 × 0.20 cm.

Distribution and habitat:— Broadly distributed from northern Central America ( Belize) to northern South America ( Brazil and Ecuador; Pupulin & Bogarín 2012), where it occurs exclusively in the Amazon ( Fig. 7 ).

Phenology:— Flowering all year.

Etymology:— From Latin chloroleucus, referring to the green and white flowers.

Taxonomic notes:— Encyclia chloroleuca has green flowers with a white lip marked with pink, and among the Brazilian species it is similar only to E. bohnkiana , as mentioned in the notes on the latter. Among the main differences are the much larger plants and inflorescences of E. chloroleuca and distribution (disjunct between the Amazon and Atlantic Forest).

Recently, Sambin & Chiron (2015) proposed a new variety, E. chloroleuca var. rubescens from French Guyana based on minor differences on flower colour and measurements in relation to E. chloroleuca . We interpret such differences as phenotypic plasticity and geographical variation found in specimens of E. chloroleuca , under which we list it as a synonym

Selected specimens exmined: BRAZIL. Amazonas: Codajás, Igarapé de Oncinha, 24 April 1958, Ferreira 6485 (INPA); Manaus, Manuas− Itacoatiara (Campina) road, 100 m, 2 May 1968, no collector (ESA 29655); Manaquiri, Solimões River, 16 June 1992, Mori & Gracie 22384 (INPA); Presidente Figueiredo, Cuieras River, April 1991, Silva & Silva 80 (MG). Pará: Belém, Museu Goeldi Park, 14 October 1957, Pereira 3302 (RB); Igarapé-Açu, between Igarapé Açu and Marapanim (Martins Pinheiro field), 21 June 1961, no collector (HB 19875, IAN); São Félix do Xingu, Serra do Campo, 600 m, 14 June 1996, Silva 540 (MG); Vigia, Campina do Palha, 3 December 1968, no collector (ESA 24765). No locality: 4 October 2011, Bastos 328 (HUEFS); February 2010, Meneguzzo 518 (HUEFS). GUYANA. No locality, no date, Wallsddogel 119 (W); no locality, 1898, Thurn 46 (K); 31 July 1879, Thurn 591 (K); December 1897, Jenman 7294 (K). FRENCH GUIANA. Petit Saut: March 1994, Chauvet 17 (P); Kaw, March 1994, Chauvet 29 (P); Comté River, April 1961, Aubréville 377 (P). PERU. Moyobamba: Bom Jesus, Delmonte, 27 March 1961, no collector (ESA 9321); no locality, 1961, no collector (ESA 8927); no locality, no date, Wallsddogel 1112 (W). SURINAME. No locality, 16 February 1961, no collector (ESA 2094); 1900, Vegel s.n. (W 15604). No locality, November 1845, Vegel 874 (W); August 1844, Vegel 484 (W); no date, no collector (BM 99218).

Figures

FIGURE 7. Distribution in Brazil of Encyclia bracteata, E. bragancae, E. caximboensis, E. chapadensis, E. chloroleuca and E. conchaechila.

FIGURE 9. A−G. Encyclia chapadensis. A. Dorsal sepal. B. Lateral sepals. C. Petal. D. Lip. E. Detail of lip callus. F. Column front view. G. Column side view (Bastos 291). H−N. Encyclia chloroleuca H. Dorsal sepal. I. Lateral sepals. J. Petal. K. Lip. L. Detail of lip callus. M. Column front view. N. Column side view (Bastos 328). O−U. Encyclia conchaechila. O. Dorsal sepal. P. Lateral sepals. Q. Petal. R. Lip. S. Detail of lip callus. T. Column front view. U. Column side view (Pereira s.n. RB 69758). Illustration by Carla de Lima.

FIGURE 24. A. ×Catyclia ×intermedia. B. Encyclia advena. C. Encyclia alboxanthina. D. Encyclia andrichii. E. Encyclia argentinensis. F.Encyclia auyantepuiensis. G. Encyclia bohnkiana. H. Encyclia bracteata. I. Encyclia bragancae. J. Encyclia chapadensis. K. Encyclia chloroleuca. L. Encyclia conchaechila. M. Encyclia cyperifolia. (Photographers: A: A. Peres Júnior. B, D−E, G−J: C. van den Berg. C: U.C.S. Silva. F: E. Pessoa. K−L: T.E.C. Meneguzzo).