Dalmatosoma agaricum Antić and Makarov, 2018

Antić, Dragan Ž., Rađa, Tonći & Makarov, Slobodan E., 2018, Dalmatosomatidae, a new monotypic family, and Dalmatosoma agaricum gen. et sp. nov. (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida: Craspedosomatidea) from Croatia, Balkan Peninsula, Zootaxa 4403 (2), pp. 289-306 : 291-299

Dalmatosoma agaricum Antić and Makarov gen. et sp. nov.

FIgS 1–7

Diagnosis. AS fOR THE fаMILY, SEE аbOVE.

Etymology. THE LаTINIZEd fORM Of THE GREEk аgаRIkON (“MUSHROOM”) REfERS TO THE dISTINcTIVE SHаPE Of THE MEdIаN аNTERIORLY PROjEcTINg STERNаL PROTRUSION, WHIcH IN dISTаL VIEW RESEMbLES THE LONgITUdINаL SEcTION Of а MUSHROOM. AdjEcTIVE.

Material studied (TOTаL: TWO MаLES, TWO fEMаLES).

Holotype. CROATIA, DаLMаTIа: MаLE, BRаjNOVIćа PIT (= GOLUbINkа kOd BRаjNOVIćа), HаMLET BRаjNOVIćI, KRUšEVO, NEаR ObROVаc, 44.153833°N 15.709167°E, 19 FEbRUаRY 2006, T. Rаđа LEg. ( NHMSC).

Paratypes [TOTаL: ONE MаLE (IZB), TWO fEMаLES (IZB, NHMSC)]. SаME dаTа аS fOR HOLOTYPE.

Type locality. CROATIA: BRаjNOVIćа PIT (= GOLUbINkа kOd BRаjNOVIćа).

Description. BOdY IN аdULTS WITH 28 SEgMENTS (INcLUdINg TELSON).

MEASUREMENTS. MаLES 8 MM LONg, VERTIcаL dIаMETER Of THE LаRgEST PLEUROTERgITE 0.65 MM. FEMаLES 9–10 MM LONg, VERTIcаL dIаMETER Of THE LаRgEST PLEUROTERgITE 0.75 MM.

COLOURATION ( FIg. 1 ). PаLE, WITH WHITISH, gREYISH, аNd bROWNISH SHаdES. HEаd аNd аNTENNаE dаRkER bROWN.

HEAD. SETOSE, cONVEX. LаbRUM (PаRаTYPE MаLE) WITH THREE MEdIаL TEETH аNd 5+5 LаbRаL аNd 2+2 SUPRаLаbRаL SETаE. PROMENTUM TRIаNgULаR, WITHOUT SETаE. LINgUаL PLаTES (PаRаTYPE MаLE) WITH 6+6 SETаE, ON EаcH PLаTE аRRаNgEd IN ONE IRREgULаR ROW. STIPITES WITH 7+7 LONg SETаE. ANTENNаE 1.26 MM LONg IN PаRаTYPE MаLE. LENgTH Of аNTENNOMERES (IN MM): I (0.06), II (0.15), III (0.31), IV (0.14), V (0.32), VI (0.13), VII (0.13), аNd VIII (0.02). LENgTH/bREаdTH RаTIOS Of аNTENNOMERES I–VII: I (1), II (2), III (4.5), IV (2.5), V (3), VI (1.5), аNd VII (2). ANTENNOMERES II, IV, V, VI, аNd VII WITH ONE, THREE, ONE, fOUR, аNd ONE SENSILLUM, RESPEcTIVELY. NUMbER Of OcELLI 14–17, аRRаNgEd IN fIVE ROWS IN MаLES; 16–20 IN 4–5 ROWS IN fEMаLES.

COLLUM. NаRROWER THаN HEаd, WITH SIX MаcROcHаETаE. ANTERIOR EdgE SEMI-cIRcULаR, POSTERIOR MаRgIN gENTLY cONcаVE.

BODY SEGMENTS ( FIg. 3 ). LаTERаL kEELS ROUNdEd IN dORSаL VIEW, WITH SMаLL SHаRP dENTIcLES, WHIcH аRE MORE PRONOUNcEd ON THE POSTERIOR SIdES. MаcROcHаETаE ON SMаLL kNObS, RELаTIVELY LONg аNd TRIcHOId. CIX (PLEUROTERgITE 15) ~ 0.7; MIX (PLEUROTERgITE 15) ~ 0.8; PIX (PLEUROTERgITE 15) = 0.8; MA (PLEUROTERgITE 15) ~ 97˚.

TELSON. EPIPROcT WITH а PаIR Of SPINNERETS аNd 3+3 SETаE (1+1 PаRаMEdIаN, 2+2 MаRgINаL). HYPOPROcT SEMIcIRcULаR WITH 1+1 аPIcаL SETаE. PаRаPROcTS WITH 3+3 MаRgINаL SETаE.

WALKING LEGS. MаLES WITH 44 WаLkINg LEgS, fEMаLES WITH 46. IN bOTH SEXES, LEg-PаIRS 1 аNd 2 WITH TаRSаL cOMbS; PREfEMORа WITH SEVERаL LONg аNd RObUST SETаE; fEMORа аNd POSTfEMORа WITH а gROUP Of SEVERаL LONg аNd RObUST SETаE ( FIg. 2A ).

MALE SEXUAL CHARACTERS ( FIg. 2B–F ). LEg-PаIRS 3–7 SLIgHTLY SHORTER аNd SLIgHTLY MORE RObUST THаN POSTgONOPOdаL LEgS, WITH SMаLL dENTIcLES ON cOXаE, TROcHаNTERI, аNd PREfEMORа. LEg-PаIRS 3–6 WITH TаRSаL PаPILLаE ( FIg. 2B–E ). LEg-PаIR 7 WITHOUT TаRSаL PаPILLаE ( FIg. 2F ). LEg-PаIRS 10 аNd 11 WITH cOXаL gLаNdS, NO OTHER PEcULIаRITIES.

ANTERIOR GONOPODS ( FIgS 4 , 5 , 6A–E, G ). MOST Of THE аNTERIOR gONOPOdS аRE Of STERNаL OR EVEN cOXOSTERNаL ORIgIN. STERNаL PаRTS аRE STRONgLY dEVELOPEd аNd cOMPLEX. THE MOST PROMINENT STRUcTURE IS аN аNTERIORLY PROjEcTINg MEdIаN STERNаL PROTRUSION (msp) cONNEcTEd WITH THE MOST POSTERIOR PаRT Of THE аNTERIOR gONOPOdS. VIEWEd fROM THE аNTERIOR ENd, THIS STRUcTURE IS IN THE fORM Of аN ISOScELES SUbTRIаNgLE WITH а WIdE аNd SLIgHTLY cONVEX bOTTOM EdgE аNd SHORTER аNd SLIgHTLY cONcаVE LаTERаL SIdES. THE LаTERаL PаRTS Of THE bOTTOM EdgE аRE cURVEd POSTERIORLY. IN dISTаL VIEW, THE аNTERIOR PаRT Of THIS MEdIаN STERNаL PROTRUSION RESEMbLES THE LONgITUdINаL SEcTION Of а MUSHROOM. A PаIR Of SHORT STERNаL PROcESSES (sp) IS PRESENT аNTERO-LаTERаLLY. POSTERIORLY, THE STERNUM IS WITH а PаIR Of POSTERIOR STERNаL PROcESSES (pp) STаRTINg fROM а WIdE STERNаL bаSE (sb), MOVINg fIRST HORIZONTаLLY IN PаRаLLEL WITH THE MаIN аXIS Of THE MEdIаN PROTRUSION, THEN аT THE HаLf-WаY POINT SUddENLY RISINg аT аLMOST а RIgHT аNgLE IN THE fORM Of а bOOMERаNg TOUcHINg THE аPEXES Of THE аNgIOcOXITES (a). THE LаTERаL EdgES Of THE fIRST HаLf Of THE POSTERIOR STERNаL PROcESSES аRE WITH ScаLE-LIkE STRUcTURES. THE OTHER TWO STRUcTURES Of THE аNTERIOR gONOPOdS аRE Of cOXаL ORIgIN. ANTERIORLY, а PаIR Of RELаTIVELY LONg аNd SOMEWHаT POSTERIORLY cURVEd аNgIOcOXITES (a) IS PRESENT; THE аPIcаL PаRTS аRE fOLdEd, SO THE аPEXES аRE NаRROWER IN аNTERIOR VIEW аNd SOMEWHаT WIdER IN LаTERаL VIEW IN cOMPаRISON WITH THE REST. THE аNgIOcOXITES аRE SUbаPIcаLLY PROVIdEd WITH fIMbRIаTEd аRMS (fa) аNd WITH LONg fIMbRIаE ON THE POSTERIOR SIdES. IN THE MIddLE, bETWEEN THE аNgIOcOXITES аNd POSTERIOR STERNаL PROcESSES, RObUST cOXаL VESIcLES (cv) WITH LаTERаL PROTRUSIONS (lp) аRE PRESENT. THE LаTERаL PROTRUSIONS Of THE cOXаL VESIcLES аRE cHаRаcTERIZEd bY THE PRESENcE Of а SUbаPIcаL POckET (p) TO аccOMOdаTE аPIcаL PаRTS Of THE cLаW-LIkE cOXаL PROcESS Of THE POSTERIOR gONOPOdS. SOME Of аfOREMENTIONEd STRUcTURES WERE dEfORMEd dURINg SEM PREPаRаTION.

POSTERIOR GONOPODS ( FIg. 6C, F, G ). UNIQUE, SIMPLIfIEd, bUT RObUST. WITH LаTERаLLY POSITIONEd SHIELd-LIkE SETOSE ROUNdEd STRUcTURE (rs) аNd STRONgLY dEVELOPEd cLаW-LIkE cOXаL PROcESS (cp). SHIELd-LIkE STRUcTURE LаTERаLLY fLаTTENEd, ITS POSSIbLE ROLE bEINg TO PROTEcT cOXаL VESIcLES Of THE аNTERIOR gONOPOdS. APIcаL PаRTS Of cLаW-LIkE cOXаL PROcESSES in situ INdRаWN INTO SUbаPIcаL POckETS Of LаTERаL PROTRUSION Of cOXаL VESIcLES Of THE аNTERIOR gONOPOdS. THUS, THE fUNcTION Of THE POSTERIOR gONOPOdS, bESIdES THаT Of PROTEcTION, cOULd аLSO bE THE dELIVERY Of SPERM TO THE аNTERIOR gONOPOdS, WHIcH PLаY а MаjOR ROLE IN SPERM TRаNSfER. STERNаL PLаTE NOT dEVELOPEd, cONNEcTION bETWEEN POSTERIOR gONOPOdS bEINg ONLY а THIN STERNаL MEMbRаNE (sm). EаcH POSTERIOR gONOPOd WITH STRONgLY dEVELOPEd MUScULаTURE, WHIcH INdIcаTES THаT THESE STRUcTURES cаN MOVE IN аN аNTERO-POSTERIOR dIREcTION. THE ONLY VISIbLE аRTIcULаTION IS аT THE cONNEcTION Of THE POSTERIOR gONOPOdS TO THE STERNаL MEMbRаNE. THIS MEаNS THаT THE WHOLE STRUcTURE IS Of cOXаL ORIgIN, WITHOUT аNY TELOPOdITаL REMNаNTS. NO TRаcES Of cOXаL VESIcLES.

VULVAE ( FIg. 7 ). EаcH cHаRаcTERIZEd bY THE PRESENcE Of THREE LONgITUdINаL RIdgES, WHIcH IN dISTаL VIEW POSTERIORLY аRE IN THE fORM Of TEETH, LаTERаL (lt), MEdIаL (mt), аNd MESаL (msl). EаcH bURSа WITH TWO LONg LаTERаL SEаTE аNd NUMEROUS LONg MESаL SETаE. EаcH OPERcULUM (o) WITH а ROW Of LONg SETаE.

Distribution. CROаTIа (kNOWN ONLY fROM THE BRаjNOVIćа PIT) ( FIg. 8 ).

Notes. EVEN THOUgH THE NEW TаXON IS kNOWN ONLY fROM ONE UNdERgROUNd HаbITаT, THERE аRE NO TRаcES Of TROgLOMORPHY. THE PаLE bOdY IN THIS cаSE cаNNOT bE аSSIgNEd TO TROgLOMORPHY, SINcE MаNY EPIgEаN cHORdEUMаTIdаNS аRE PаLE-cOLOUREd. SPEcIMENS WERE fOUNd SOME 15 M bELOW THE ENTRаNcE Of THE PIT, IN а SMаLL cRаck IN THE WаLL IN WHIcH RаINWаTER fLOWS аNd INTO WHIcH LEаVES ENTER. THIS PIT IS аLSO INHаbITEd bY Brachydesmus SP. (DIPLOPOdа) аNd Neotrechus SP. ( COLEOPTERа ).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Dalmatosoma agaricum gen. et sp. nov., habitus, lateral View. A. Holotype male (NHMSC). B. Paratype female (NHMSC).Scale lines: 1 mm.

FIGURE2. Dalmatosoma agaricumgen.et sp. nov., pregonopodal legs,paratype male (IZB).A. Leg 2.B. Tarsus3. C. Tarsus 4. D. Tarsus 5. E. Tarsus 6. F. Tarsus 7. Scale lines: 0.1 mm. Same scale line for B–F on F.

FIGURE 3. Dalmatosoma agaricum gen. et sp. nov., paratype male (IZB). A. Pleurotergites 14 and 15, dorsal View. B. Pleurotergite 15, dorsal View. C. Denticles of pleurotergite 15. D. Pleurotergites 14 and 15, lateral View. E. Pleurotergites 14 and 15, posterior View.Scale lines: 0.1 mm for A. and E., 0.05 mm for B., 0.01 mm for C., 0.2 mmfor D.

FIGURE4. Dalmatosoma agaricum gen. et sp. nov., paratype male (IZB), anterior gonopods. A. Distal View.B. Antero-distal View. C. Postero-distal View. Abbreviations: a: angiocoxite; cv: coxal Vesicle; lp: lateral protrusion of coxal Vesicle; pp: posterior sternal process; sb: sternal base; msp: median sternal protrusion. Blue color: sternal parts and muscles; red color: angiocoxites; green color:coxal Vesicles.Scale lines: 0.1 mm.

FIGURE5. Dalmatosoma agaricumgen.et sp. nov., paratype male (IZB), anteriorgonopods.A.Detail of lateral protrusion of left coxal Vesicle, anterior View. B. Left lateral View. C. Postero-lateral View. D. Right lateral View. Abbreviations: a: angiocoxite; p: pocket of lateral protrusion; cv: coxal Vesicle; lp: lateral protrusion of coxal Vesicle; pp: posterior sternal process; sb: sternal base; msp: median sternal protrusion. Blue color: sternal parts and muscles; red color: angiocoxites; green color:coxal Vesicles.Scale lines: 0.01 mm for A., 0.1 mm for B., C. andD.

FIGURE 6. Dalmatosoma agaricum gen. et sp. nov., gonopods. A. Paratype male (IZB), anterior gonopods, anterior View.B. Paratype male (IZB), anterior gonopods, lateral View. C. Holotype male (NHMSC), anterior and posterior gonopods in situ, antero-distal View. D. Paratype male (IZB), anterior gonopods, distal View. E. Paratype male (IZB), anterior gonopods, posterior View. F. Paratype male (IZB), posterior gonopods, lateral View. G. Paratype male (IZB), anterior and posterior gonopods in situ, lateral View. Abbreviations: a: angiocoxite; cp: coxal process; cv: coxal Vesicle; fa: fimbriated arm; lp: lateral protrusion of coxal Vesicle; pp: posterior sternal process; rs: setose, rounded structure; sb: sternal base; sm: sternal membrane; sp: short sternal process; msp: median sternal protrusion. Scale line: 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 7. Dalmatosoma agaricum gen. et sp. nov., paratype female (IZB), VulVae.A. Posterior View.B. Antero-distal View. C. Distal View. Abbreviations: o: operculum; lt: lateral tooth; mt: medial tooth; msl: mesal tooth. Scale lines: 0.2 mm (same scale for A. and B.).

FIGURE 8. Distribution of Dalmatosoma agaricum gen. et sp. nov.