Antispila kunyuensis Liu

Wang, Nan, Liu, Tengteng, Xu, Jiasheng & Jiang, Bin, 2018, The leaf-mining genus Antispila Huebner, 1825 feeding on Vitaceae in Shandong Peninsula, China with one new species (Lepidoptera, Heliozelidae), ZooKeys 744, pp. 49-65 : 50-53

Antispila kunyuensis Liu sp. n. Figs 1, 2, 6, 9, 11-15, 26-29, 34-38

Type material.

Holotype. ♂, China, Shandong Province, Yantai, Mt. Kunyu National Nature Reverse, 121.740°E, 37.292°N, 400 m, larva coll. 2017.vi.28, mine on Ampelopsis humulifolia , emerged viii.06, collector Bin Jiang, genitalia no. SDNU.LIU0014, registered no. SDNU.YT170601.2. Paratypes. 3♂, 3♀, genitalia nos. SDNU.LIU0009♂, SDNU.LIU0016♀, SDNU.LIU0044♂, DNA voucher slide no. SDNU.LIU0013♀ (whole body on one slide), registered nos. SDNU.YT170601.1, SDNU.YT170601.3-6, other data same as holotype.

Other material.

Leaf-mine. Shandong Province: Yantai, Mt. Kunyu National Nature Reverse, 121.740°E, 37.292°N, 400 m, vacant mine coll. 2016.vii.31, on Ampelopsis humulifolia , collector Tengteng Liu & Encui Wang, registered no. SDNU.YT160761-7, YT160785.

Diagnosis.

Two Antispila species, A. ampelopsia Kuroko, 1961 and A. orbiculella Kuroko, 1961, are known to feed on Ampelopsis , and both associate with the same species, A. brevipedunculata . Antispila kunyuensis can easily be distinguished from A. ampelopsia by the fine features of the phallus and the ovipositor, and from A. orbiculella by the two separate basal spots that are joined forming a transverse fascia in the forewing.

Description.

Adult (Figs 1, 2, 6). Forewing length 1.7-2.1 mm. Head silvery gray, with reddish reflection, more apparent on front. Antennae dark fuscous, silvery gray on distal two segments. Labial palpus silvery gray, pointed apically. Thorax and tegula dark fuscous. Legs gray, with blackish gray pigmentation outer surface. Forewing dark fuscous, with strong reddish reflection; two pairs of opposite triangular silvery spots on costa and dorsum, the inner pair with costal spot before middle, dorsal spot at basal 1/4, the outer pair with costal spot at 3/4, dorsal spot largest, near tornus; cilia unicolorous with forewing on basal 3/4, whitish gray on distal 1/4. Hind wing dark gray, cilia darker. Abdomen dark gray dorsally, yellowish gray ventrally.

Venation (Fig. 9). Forewing with Sc reaching before middle on costa; R1 from 2/5 on upper margin of cell to costal 3/5, Rs1 from distal 1/7 on upper margin of cell to costal 3/4, Rs2 from beyond distal end of cell, Rs3+4 reaching costa before apex; cell triangular distally; M1 stalked with Rs3+4, to termen near apex, M2+3 from near distal end of cell; CuA from distal 1/6 of lower margin of cell; A1+2 to beyond middle of dorsum. Hindwing with Sc to costal 3/5, R+M ending in 3 branches: Rs to costa near apex, M2 and M3 to dorsum; Cu to middle of dorsum; A1+2 weak. Male with one long frenulum, female bearing two shorter frenular bristles.

Male genitalia (Figs 11-15). Tuba analis developed (Fig. 12). Uncus bar-shaped, protruded towards posteriorly at middle. Vinculum shorter than phallus, slightly rectangular on anterior margin. Valva more or less triangular, digital process long and narrow, almost same length as valva, pecten on pedicel, with nine comb teeth (Fig. 13). Juxta half as long as phallus, densely covered with small teeth on basal 2/5, anterior arrow pointed on basal corners. Phallus nearly as long as length of vinculum + tegumen, narrowed anteriorly (Fig. 11); phallotheca with five to six strong teeth and a group of smaller sharp-pointed teeth, with a cluster of smaller spines at base of juxta; distal part with a mushroom-shaped process and a straight process ventrally (Figs 14, 15).

Female genitalia (Figs 26-29). Ovipositor with three cusps at either side, with basal one largest and middle one smallest (Fig. 28). Vestibulum round, more or less sclerotized (Fig. 29). Corpus bursae membranous.

DNA barcode.

One DNA barcode from a paratype was obtained. A neighbor-joining tree, covering most Asian Antispila species and other Vitaceae -feeding species, was generated for facilitating species delimitation (Fig. 33).

Host plant.

Ampelopsis humulifolia Bunge (Figs 34, 35). The placement of the leaf-mines is variable (Figs 36-38), from the base to the apex of a leaf, from absolutely along veins to between but not touching veins. This results in variably-shaped blotch mines, but the majority of blotches are more or less round (Figs 38, 42-45). Frass primarily occupies the opposite side of the cut-out in round blotch mines, or occasionally disperses throughout the mine (Fig. 37), but always in a broad medial band in wide gallery mines (Fig. 38). This species overwinters as a prepupa in the shield. A single generation per year was observed at the type locality.

Distribution.

China (Shandong).

Etymology.

The specific name is derived from the type locality of the new species, Mt. Kunyu, representing the most famous nature reserve in Shandong Peninsula, focusing on forest ecosystem conservation.