Tylorida striata (Thorell, 1877)

Kulkarni, Siddharth & Yadav, Swara, 2015, Bridging the distributional gap of Tyloridastriata (Thorell, 1877) and new synonymy (Araneae: Tetragnathidae), Biodiversity Data Journal 3, pp. 4878-4878 : 4878

Tylorida striata (Thorell, 1877)

Meta striata Thorell, 1877: 427.

Meta striata Hasselt, 1882: 25.

Argyroepeira bigibba Thorell, 1887: 140.

Argyroepeira s. Thorell, 1887: 142.

T. striata Simon, 1894a: 737, f. 809.

Argyroepeira s. Workman & Workman, 1894: 19, pl. 19.

Tylorida magniventer Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 187, pl. 15, f. 397.

T. striata Bösenberg & Strand, 1906: 187, pl. 15, f. 420.

Sternospina concretipalpis Schmidt and Krause, 1993: 7, f. 1.

Tylorida stellimicans Simon, 1885: 449. New synonymy.

Materials

Type status: Syntype. Occurrence: recordedBy: O. Beccari; individualCount: 2; sex: Female; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceStatus: present; Taxon: scientificNameID: urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014401; scientificName: Tyloridastriata; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Tetragnathidae; genus: Tylorida; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: (Thorell, 1877); nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; taxonomicStatus: accepted; Location: locationID: Ambon Islands, Indonesia; continent: Asia; islandGroup: Maluku archipelago; island: Ambon; country: Indonesia; countryCode: IDN; Identification: identifiedBy: Thorell; identificationReferences: Studi sui Ragni Malesi e Papuani. I. Thorell, T. (1877); Event: year: 1874; Record Level: type: specimen; institutionID: Museo Civico di Storia Naturale "Giacomo Doria", Italy; institutionCode: MSNG; basisOfRecord: Preserved specimen

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: C.L.and P.R. Deeleman; individualCount: 1; sex: 1 female; Taxon: taxonID: urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014401; scientificName: Tyloridastriata; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Tetragnathidae; genus: Tylorida; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: (Thorell, 1877); Location: locationID: TYPE LOCALITY; continent: Asia; country: Indonesia; countryCode: IDN; stateProvince: SOUTH EAST SULAWESI; locality: Taneah, 40 km south of Kendari, sea-faced ; Event: eventDate: 08/11/1980; Record Level: type: specimen; institutionID: Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden; institutionCode: RMNH; collectionCode: Arachnida; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: BNHS Sp. 139-144 ; occurrenceRemarks: live in its orb web; recordedBy: Prathamesh Patel; individualCount: 6; sex: 6 females; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceStatus: present; Taxon: scientificNameID: urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014401; scientificName: Tyloridastriata; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Tetragnathidae; genus: Tylorida; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: (Thorell, 1877); nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; taxonomicStatus: accepted; Location: locationID: 853155; continent: Asia; country: India; countryCode: IN; stateProvince: Gujarat; locality: Pariyer ; verbatimCoordinateSystem: decimal degrees; decimalLatitude: 22.56; decimalLongitude: 72.954; Identification: identifiedBy: Siddharth Kulkarni; identificationReferences: Studi sui Ragni Malesi e Papuani. I. Thorell, T. (1877); Morphological and phylogenetic atlas of the orb-weaving spider family Tetragnathidae. Álvarez-Padilla, F.; Event: samplingProtocol: visual searching; eventDate: 2014-07-09; year: 2014; month: 7; day: 9; habitat: Low grass; eventRemarks: post monsoon; Record Level: type: specimen; institutionID: Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai; collectionID: Spider; institutionCode: BNHS; collectionCode: Sp.; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: BNHS Sp. 154-157 ; occurrenceRemarks: live in its orb web; recordedBy: Atul Vartak; individualCount: 4; sex: 4 females; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceStatus: present; Taxon: scientificNameID: urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014401; scientificName: Tyloridastriata; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Tetragnathidae; genus: Tylorida; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: (Thorell, 1877); nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; taxonomicStatus: accepted; Location: continent: Asia; country: India; stateProvince: Maharashtra; locality: Boisar ; verbatimCoordinateSystem: decimal degrees; decimalLatitude: 19.8; decimalLongitude: 72.75; Identification: identifiedBy: Siddharth Kulkarni; identificationReferences: Studi sui Ragni Malesi e Papuani. I. Thorell, T. (1877); Morphological and phylogenetic atlas of the orb-weaving spider family Tetragnathidae. Álvarez-Padilla, F.; Event: samplingProtocol: visual searching; eventDate: 2014-10-10; year: 2014; month: 10; day: 10; habitat: Low grass; eventRemarks: post monsoon; Record Level: type: specimen; institutionID: Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai; collectionID: Spider; institutionCode: BNHS; collectionCode: Sp.; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: C.L and P.R. Deeleman; individualCount: 5; sex: 4 females, 1 juvenile; Taxon: taxonID: urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014401; scientificName: Tyloridastriata; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Tetragnathidae; genus: Tylorida; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: (Thorell, 1877); Location: continent: Asia; country: Indonesia; countryCode: IDN; stateProvince: NORTH SULAWESI; locality: (Palu) Lore Lindu Res ; Event: eventDate: 07/23/1982; Record Level: type: Specimen; institutionID: Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden; institutionCode: RMNH; collectionCode: Arachnida; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: C.L and P.R. Deeleman; individualCount: 1; sex: 1 Female; Taxon: taxonID: urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014401; scientificName: Tyloridastriata; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Tetragnathidae; genus: Tylorida; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: (Thorell, 1877); Location: continent: Asia; country: Indonesia; countryCode: IDN; stateProvince: SUMATRA; locality: 20 km east of Medan ; Event: eventDate: 01/07/2001; Record Level: type: Specimen; institutionID: Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden; institutionCode: RMNH; collectionCode: Arachnida; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Deeleman; individualCount: 2; sex: 1 male, 1 juvenile; Taxon: taxonID: urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014401; scientificName: Tyloridastriata; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Tetragnathidae; genus: Tylorida; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: (Thorell, 1877); Location: continent: Asia; country: Indonesia; countryCode: IDN; stateProvince: SUMATRA; locality: Mount Singalang ; Event: eventDate: 07/10/1994; Record Level: type: Specimen; institutionID: Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden; institutionCode: RMNH; collectionCode: Arachnida; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: leg. Preston; individualCount: 2; sex: 1 male, 1 female; Taxon: taxonID: urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014401; scientificName: Tyloridastriata; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Tetragnathidae; genus: Tylorida; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: (Thorell, 1877); Location: continent: Asia; country: Indonesia; countryCode: IDN; stateProvince: SULAWESI; locality: Tangkoko ; Event: eventDate: 02/26/1997; Record Level: type: Specimen; institutionID: Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden; institutionCode: RMNH; collectionCode: Arachnida; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: leg. Preston-Mafham; individualCount: 21; sex: 15 females, 6 juveniles; Taxon: taxonID: urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014401; scientificName: Tyloridastriata; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Tetragnathidae; genus: Tylorida; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: (Thorell, 1877); Location: continent: Asia; country: Indonesia; countryCode: IDN; stateProvince: BALI; locality: Ambengan ; Event: eventDate: 03/19/1990; Record Level: type: Specimen; institutionID: Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden; institutionCode: RMNH; collectionCode: Arachnida; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Deeleman and leg. Suh. Djojosudharmo; individualCount: 4; sex: 3 females, 1 juvenile; Taxon: taxonID: urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014401; scientificName: Tyloridastriata; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Tetragnathidae; genus: Tylorida; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: (Thorell, 1877); Location: continent: Asia; country: Indonesia; countryCode: IDN; stateProvince: SUMBAWA BESAR; locality: Samokat, 20 km west ; Event: eventDate: 01/03/1990; Record Level: type: Specimen; institutionID: Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden; institutionCode: RMNH; collectionCode: Arachnida; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Leg. M.v.D. Putten; individualCount: 3; sex: 3 juveniles; Taxon: taxonID: urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014401; scientificName: Tyloridastriata; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Tetragnathidae; genus: Tylorida; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: (Thorell, 1877); Location: continent: Asia; country: Indonesia; countryCode: IDN; stateProvince: WEST IRIAN; locality: Sorong ; Event: eventDate: 08/05/1984; Record Level: type: Specimen; institutionID: Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden; institutionCode: RMNH; collectionCode: Arachnida; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Deeleman and leg. Suh. Djojosudharmo; individualCount: 3; sex: 2 females, 1 juvenile; Taxon: taxonID: urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014401; scientificName: Tyloridastriata; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Tetragnathidae; genus: Tylorida; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: (Thorell, 1877); Location: continent: Asia; country: Indonesia; countryCode: IDN; stateProvince: WEST SUMATRA; locality: Mount Singalang ; Event: eventDate: 10/19-07-1994; Record Level: type: Specimen; institutionID: Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden; institutionCode: RMNH; collectionCode: Arachnida; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: P.R. Deeleman; individualCount: 1; sex: 1 male; Taxon: taxonID: urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014401; scientificName: Tyloridastriata; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Tetragnathidae; genus: Tylorida; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: (Thorell, 1877); Location: continent: Asia; country: Indonesia; countryCode: IDN; stateProvince: EAST KALIMANTAN; locality: Sepaku ; Event: eventDate: 07/13/1979; Record Level: type: Specimen; institutionID: Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden; institutionCode: RMNH; collectionCode: Arachnida; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Deeleman; individualCount: 3; sex: 3 females; Taxon: taxonID: urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014401; scientificName: Tyloridastriata; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Tetragnathidae; genus: Tylorida; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: (Thorell, 1877); Location: continent: Asia; country: Indonesia; countryCode: IDN; stateProvince: BALI; locality: Ambengan ; Event: eventDate: 01/20/1990; Record Level: type: Specimen; institutionID: Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden; institutionCode: RMNH; collectionCode: Arachnida; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Deeleman; individualCount: 1; sex: 1 female; Taxon: taxonID: urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014401; scientificName: Tyloridastriata; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Tetragnathidae; genus: Tylorida; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: (Thorell, 1877); Location: continent: Asia; country: Indonesia; countryCode: IDN; stateProvince: AMBON; locality: Hila Garden ; Event: eventDate: 01/30/1995; Record Level: type: Specimen; institutionID: Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden; institutionCode: RMNH; collectionCode: Arachnida; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Deeleman and leg. Suh. Djojoosudharmo; individualCount: 3; sex: 1 male, 2 females; Taxon: taxonID: urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014401; scientificName: Tyloridastriata; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Tetragnathidae; genus: Tylorida; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: (Thorell, 1877); Location: continent: Asia; country: Indonesia; countryCode: IDN; stateProvince: WEST.SUMATRA; locality: Mount Singalang ; Event: eventDate: 07/12/1994; Record Level: type: Specimen; institutionID: Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden; institutionCode: RMNH; collectionCode: Arachnida; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Deeleman and leg. Suh. Djojoosudharmo; individualCount: 12; sex: 3 males, 9 females; Taxon: taxonID: urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:014401; scientificName: Tyloridastriata; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Tetragnathidae; genus: Tylorida; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: (Thorell, 1877); Location: continent: Asia; country: Indonesia; countryCode: IDN; stateProvince: NORTH BALI; locality: Ambengan ; Event: eventDate: 01/09/1990; Record Level: type: Specimen; institutionID: Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden; institutionCode: RMNH; collectionCode: Arachnida; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

Description

Syntypes (Fig. 1) (examined by Siddharth Kulkarni). Two adult females, undissected epigyna, abdomen detached from cephalothorax; abdomen of one female damaged right laterally. Measurements of one syntype. Total length 5.36, carapace 2.03, 1.60 wide, abdomen 2.74 long, 3.14 high.

Carapace brown, sternum and legs fawn; trichobothrial sockets on proximal quarter length of femora IV. Abdomen yellowish brown with shiny guanine patches lined from apex towards ventral side, as also seen in live specimen (Fig. 2). Abdomen globose, roughly triangular in lateral view with two small tubercles at apex. Epigynal plate flat, 1.5 times wider than long, coils of fertilization ducts seen translucently (Fig. 1c).

Dissected epigynum in other material shows, coiled and sclerotized fertilization and copulatory ducts, parallel just before joining spermatheca (Fig. 3).

Remarks

The female length of T. striata per taxonomic literature and examined specimens ranges between 3.2-5.5 mm (Suppl. material 1). Álvarez-Padilla and Hormiga (2011) reported average size of female as 10 mm which is an error (pers. comm. Fernando Álvarez-Padilla).

Synonymy

Original description of T. stellimicans by Simon (1885) mentioned 'excessivement voisine' (extremely close) to T. striata distinguished T. stellimicans on the basis of arrangement and size of eyes. This description is of sub-adult T. striata where eye dimensions vary and ventral side of abdomen including epigynal plate surface is blackish. Also, wide distribution of T. striata including locality region of T. stellimicans and apparent absence of records elsewhere of T. stellimicans ; we propose T. stellimicans as synonym of T. striata .

Taxon discussion

Dimitrov et al. (2008) stated the location of type material was uncertain and possibly in the Natural History Museum of the city of Geneva based on unpublished notes of Levi. The type(s) of T. striata are not there and none of Thorell’s types have been deposited in Geneva (pers. comm. Peter Schwendinger, Curator, Natural History Museum, Geneva). There is likely to be confusion between Geneva (Switzerland) and Genoa (Italy) due to similar spellings and pronunciation. Many of Thorell’s types have been deposited at Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova (also known as the Natural History Museum of Giacomo Doria, Genoa). The existence of two syntypes collected by O. Beccari in 1874 from Kandari, Indonesia was confirmed (Fig. 1d) at this museum in Genoa. Thorell (1877) mentions collection of three females, but only two were found in the vial labelled as ‘Cotypi’ and one remaining specimen is missing.