Glyptapanteles claudiamartinezae Arias-Penna, sp. nov.

Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina, Whitfield, James B., Janzen, Daniel H., Winifred Hallwachs,, Dyer, Lee A., Smith, M. Alex, Hebert, Paul D. N. & Fernandez-Triana, Jose L., 2019, A species-level taxonomic review and host associations of Glyptapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with an emphasis on 136 new reared species from Costa Rica and Ecuador, ZooKeys 890, pp. 1-685 : 1

Glyptapanteles claudiamartinezae Arias-Penna, sp. nov. Figs 58 , 59

Female.

Body length 3.03 mm, antenna length 3.84 mm, fore wing length 3.49 mm.

Type material.

Holotype: ECUADOR • 1♀; EC-37562, YY-A017; Napo, Yanayacu Biological Station, San Benjamin forest, Plot 425; cloud forest; 1,934 m; - 0.598889, -77.889722; 10.iii.2009; Wilmer Simbaña leg.; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; cocoons formed on 23.iii.2009; adult parasitoids emerged on 09.iv.2009; ( PUCE) . Paratypes. • 9 (4♀, 3♂) (2♀, 0 ♂); EC-37562, YY-A017, same data as for holotype; ( PUCE) .

Other material.

Reared material. ECUADOR: Napo, Yanayacu Biological Station, San Benjamin Forest, Plot 425: • 14 (5♀, 2♂) (7♀, 0 ♂); EC-37564, YY-A016; cloud forest; 1,934 m; - 0.598889, -77.889722; 10.iii.2009; Wilmer Simbaña leg. ; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; cocoons formed on 30.iii.2009; adult parasitoids emerged on 13.iv.2009.

Napo, Yanayacu Biological Station, Sendero Macuculoma, Plot 392: • 6 (2♀, 2♂) (2♀, 0 ♂); EC-30623, YY-A114; cloud forest; 2,155 m; - 0.6, -77.883333; 17.iv.2008; Lee Dyer leg. ; caterpillar collected in third instar; cocoons formed on 20.v.2008; adult parasitoids emerged on 05.vi.2008. • 4 (1♀, 1♂) (2♀, 0 ♂); EC-30624, YY-A115; same data as for preceding except: adult parasitoids emerged on 02.vi.2008 . • 10 (3♀, 1♂) (6♀, 0 ♂); EC-30627, YY-A116, same data as for preceding except: cocoons formed on 12.v.2008 . • 12 (2♀, 2♂) (6♀, 2♂); EC-30628, YY-A117; same data as for preceding except: cocoons formed on 18.v.2008 .

Napo, Yanayacu Biological Station, Sendero Stream Trail : • 6 (1♀, 1♂) (3♀, 1♂); EC-37648, YY-A121; cloud forest; 2,444 m; - 0.601472, -77.886444; 20.iii.2009; CAPEA ; caterpillar collected in first instar; cocoons formed on 05.v.2009; adult parasitoids emerged on 19.v.2009.

Napo, Yanayacu Biological Station, Yanayacu Road : • 3 (1♀, 1♂) (1♀, 0 ♂); EC-38485, YY-A011; cloud forest; 2,100 m; - 0.566667, -77.866667; 30.iv.2009; CAPEA leg.; caterpillar collected in third instar; cocoons formed on 27.v.2009; adult parasitoids emerged on 14.vi.2009. • 8 (2♀, 2♂) (4♀, 0 ♂); [EC-38486, YY-A100]; same data as for preceding .

Diagnosis.

Surface of metasternum convex, nucha surrounded by long radiating carinae ( Figs 58F , 59G ), median area on T2 as broad as long, edges of median area on T2 obscured by strong longitudinal stripes ( Figs 58G, H , 59C, E ), propodeal spiracle distally framed by faintly concave/wavy carina, inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets ( Fig. 58B ), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate, median area between lateral ocelli without depression ( Fig. 58D ), in dorsal view, proximal half of propodeum more strongly curved ( Figs 58F , 59G ), petiole on T1 evenly narrowing distally ( Figs 58G , 59E ), dorsal outer depression on hind coxa present ( Figs 58A, J , 59A, F ), and fore wing with r vein curved, outer side of junction of r and 2RS veins forming a distinct stub ( Figs 58K , 59H ).

Coloration

( Fig. 58 A–L ). General body coloration shiny black except clypeus, mandibles, proximal half of scape, and distal half of pedicel yellow-brown; all antennal flagellomeres brown on both sides; glossa, maxillary and labial palps ivory; dorsally furrow of pronotum, distal corner of propleuron and tegulae yellow. Eyes and ocelli silver. Fore and middle legs yellow except fore claws brown and middle tarsomeres with yellow-brown tints; hind legs yellow except black coxae with apex yellow-brown (coxae with extensive yellow-brown coloration in the inner side), femora with a tiny brown area on the apex, distal half of tibiae brown and distally with a brown band; tarsomeres brown although basitarsus proximally with a yellow ring. Petiole on T1 black although proximal 1/3 yellow-brown/reddish, contours darkened, and sublateral areas yellow; T2 with median area dark brown, adjacent area narrow and brown, and lateral ends yellow; T3 with a trapezoidal brown area which proximal width coincides with the distal width of median plus adjacent areas on T2, and lateral ends yellow; T4 and beyond completely dark brown; distally each tergum with a yellowish transparent band. In lateral view, T1-3 completely yellow; T4 yellow, but dorsally brown, extent of brown area remains almost constant in each tergum. S1-4 completely yellow; penultimate sternum and hypopygium yellow, medially brown/yellow-brown.

Description.

Head ( Fig. 58 A–D ). Head rounded with pubescence long and dense. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.27:0.09, 0.27:0.09, 0.28:0.09), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate (0.16:0.06, 0.12:0.06), antenna longer than body (3.84, 3.03); antennal scrobes-frons shallow. Face convex, finely punctate-lacunose, interspaces wavy and longitudinal median carina present. Frons smooth. Temple wide with punctate sculpture and interspaces wavy. Inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight. POL shorter than OOL (0.11, 0.13). Malar suture absent or difficult to see. Median area between lateral ocelli without depression. Vertex laterally pointed or nearly so and dorsally wide.

Mesosoma ( Fig. 58A, E, F, I ). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Distal 1/3 of mesoscutum with lateral margin slightly dented, punctation distinct throughout, and interspaces wavy/lacunose. Scutellum long and slender, apex sloped and fused with BS, scutellar punctation scattered throughout, in profile scutellum flat and on same plane as mesoscutum, but not in the same plane; phragma of the scutellum partially exposed; BS only very partially overlapping the MPM; ATS demilune entirely covered by parallel carinae; dorsal ATS groove with semicircular/parallel carinae. Transscutal articulation with small and homogeneous foveae, area just behind transscutal articulation depressed centrally and with same kind of sculpture as mesoscutum. Metanotum with BM convex; MPM oval/circular with a short proximal carina; AFM without setiferous lobes and not as well delineated as PFM; PFM thick, smooth and with lateral ends rounded; ATM proximally with sculpture distally without a well delimited smooth area. Propodeum without median longitudinal carina, proximal half curved with fine sculpture and distal half with a mix of coarse sculpture and rugae; distal edge of propodeum with a flange at each side and without stubs; propodeal spiracle distally framed by faintly concave/wavy carina; nucha surrounded by long radiating carinae. Pronotum with a distinct dorsal furrow, dorsally with a well-defined smooth band; central area of pronotum and dorsal furrow smooth, but ventral furrow with short parallel carinae. Propleuron with fine punctations throughout and dorsally without a carina. Metasternum convex. Contour of mesopleuron convex; precoxal groove deep, smooth and shiny; epicnemial ridge convex, teardrop-shaped.

Legs ( Fig. 58A ). Ventral margin of fore telotarsus excavated with conspicuous curved seta over this excavation, fore telotarsus almost same width throughout and longer than fourth tarsomere (0.17, 0.09). Dorsal half of hind coxa with scattered punctation, ventral half with dense punctation and dorsal outer depression present. Inner spur of hind tibia longer than outer spur (0.27, 0.22), entire surface of hind tibia with dense strong spines clearly differentiated by color and length. Hind telotarsus longer than fourth tarsomere (0.20, 0.15).

Wings ( Fig. 58K, L ). Fore wing with r vein slightly curved; 2RS vein slightly convex to convex; r and 2RS veins forming a weak, even curve at their junction and outer side of junction forming a slight stub; 2M vein slightly curved/swollen; distally fore wing [where spectral veins are] with microtrichiae more densely concentrated than the rest of the wing; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae; subbasal cell with microtrichiae virtually throughout; veins 2CUa and 2CUb completely spectral; vein 2 cu-a absent; vein 2-1A proximally tubular and distally spectral, although sometimes difficult to see; tubular vein 1 cu-a straight, incomplete/broken and not reaching the edge of 1-1A vein. Hind wing with vannal lobe narrow, subdistally and subproximally evenly convex, and setae evenly scattered in the margin.

Metasoma ( Fig. 58A, G, H, J ). Metasoma laterally compressed. Petiole on T1 with a mix of fine rugae and coarse sculpture over most of the surface, evenly narrowing distally (length 0.40, maximum width 0.21, minimum width 0.10) and with scattered pubescence on distal half. Lateral grooves clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 (length median area 0.20, length T2 0.20), edges of median area obscured by strong longitudinal stripes, median area as broad as long (length 0.20, maximum width 0.21, minimum width 0.10); T2 with scattered pubescence throughout. T3 longer than T2 (0.23, 0.20) and with pubescence more notorious in distal half. Pubescence on hypopygium dense.

Cocoons. Unknown.

Male

( Fig. 59 A–I ). Similar in coloration and shape to female.

Etymology.

Claudia Martinez is a Colombian entomologist whose research was focused on Carabidae ( Coleoptera ).

Distribution.

Parasitized caterpillars were collected in Ecuador, Napo, Yanayacu Biological Station (San Benjamin Forest, Sendero Macuculoma, Sendero Stream Trail, and Yanayacu Road), during April and December 2008 and March and April 2009 at 2,163 m in cloud forest.

Biology.

The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is gregarious.

Host.

Undetermined species of Geometridae feed on Iiex aff yurumanguinis ( Aquifoliaceae ) and undetermined species of Celastraceae . Caterpillars were collected in first, third, and fourth instar.

Figures

Figure 58. Glyptapanteles claudiamartinezae sp. nov. female EC- 37562 YY-A 017 A Habitus B-D Head B Frontal view C Lateral view D Dorsal view E Mesonotum, dorsal view F Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view G T 1 - 3, dorsal view H, J Metasoma H Dorsal view J Lateral view I Mesosoma, lateral view K, L Wings K Fore L Hind.

Figure 59. Glyptapanteles claudiamartinezae sp. nov. male EC- 37562 YY-A 017 A Habitus B Mesosoma, lateral view C, F Metasoma C Dorsal view F Lateral view D Mesonotum, dorsal view E T 1 - 2, dorsal view G Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view H, I Wings H Fore I Hind.