Memecylon ingens R.D. Stofe

Stone, Robert Douglas, 2023, Twenty-four new species of Memecylon (Melastomataceae) from Madagascar, Candollea 78 (2), pp. 189-237 : 189-237

Memecylon ingens R.D. Stofe & D. Turk & sp. nov. (?ig. 15).

Holotypus: MADAGASCAR. Reg. Vatovavy [Prov.

Fianarantsoa]: Rafomafafa Natl. Park& parcelle 3& S of Natl. Rd. 25 at 7 km OE of Rafomafafa & Talatakely trail system& 21°15'30"S 47°25'00"E & 950 – 1150 m & 15.XII.1992 & fl. [photo of fr.]& Turk et al. 215 (CAS-799335!; iso-: BR [ BR0000009338166 ]!& G [ G00642041 ]!& MO-5030097!& MO-5717469!& P [ P00257933 ]!& TAN!& OEAG [ OEAG.1093662]!) .

Memecyloni corymbiformi H. Perrier affine , sed ab eo laminis foliaribus minoribus angustioribusque (3.2–4.4 × 1.3–2.3 non 4.5 × 2.5–3 cm) ad basin rotundato-truncatis vel subcordatis (non cuneatis) atque stylo 7–8 mm (non 10) mm longo differt.

Trees 17 m tall& evergreef& DBH 41 cm; brafchlets dichotomous or trichotomous& those of the few growth reddish browf afd bilaterally compressed; older brafchlets

[A, C: Service Forestier 1483, P; B, D: Lewis et al. 806, MO] [Drawing: S. Burrows]

[ Turk et al. 215, CAS] [Drawing: S. Burrows]

pale gray& quadrafgular afd with fodes thickefed; ifterfodes kfowf (e.g.& the petals afd afthers of M. corymbiforme have (1.6–)2.5–5(–6.3) cm lofg. Leaves coriaceous& short-petiolate& fot yet beef seef). Afother illustratiof of the few species caf somewhat shififg afd ± smooth of the adaxial surface& dull be foufd if TURK (1995) ufder the fame M. aff. corymbiforme . afd mifutely roughefed abaxially; petioles 1 –2 mm lofg& The fruits were described but evideftly fot preserved.

robust; blades elliptic& (2.4 –)3.2 – 4.4 × 1.3 – 2.3 cm wide&

± 2 times lofger thaf wide& base roufded afd trufcate to Memecylon lemuricum R.D. Stofe & sp. nov. (?ig. 16).

subcordate& apex obtuse& margifs revolute; midferve fifely Holotypus: MADAGASCAR. Reg. Analanjirofo [Prov. impressed adaxially& somewhat promifeft abaxially especially Toamasina]: Masoala Pefifsula & Afdrafobe & S of toward the base; trafsverse veifs scarcely visible& c. 12–14 pairs& Ambafizafa & 15°41'S 49°58'E & 50 – 100 m & 12.II.1999 & oriefted at af oblique afgle relative to the midferve. Cymules f l.& M c P h e r s o n e t a l. 1 7 5 7 3 ( CA S -9 7 3 4 4 4!; i s o -: 2–3 × brafched& if fascicles of (2–)4 (rarely solitary) at the BR [ BR0000009337060 ]!& G [ G00642034 ]!& K!& termifal afd uppermost leafy fodes; pedufcles compressed& MO-5717537!& OEAG [ OEAG.1094014]!) .

(7–)12–21(–30) mm lofg; secofdary axes 2–4(–7) mm lofg&

each 1 – 3-flowered; bracts deciduous. Flowers of pedicels Memecyloni brahensi Jacq.-Fél. aff ine, sed ab eo ramulis 1.5 – 2.5 mm lofg; hypaftho-calyx broadly campafulate& juvenilibus plusminusve quadrangularibus bilateraliter 3–3.5 × 4–5.5 mm & reportedly creamy yellow toward the base& compressisque (non teretibus), laminis foliaribus minoribus calyx margif trufcate afd remotely 4-defticulate; corolla if (plerumque 6– 9 × 2.6 –4.3 non usque 17 × 7 cm) ad basin bud cofical-acute& 2.5–3.5 mm lofg; opef flowers fot seef; cuneatis (non plusminusve rotundatis), venis tranversalibus petals reportedly purple with white toward the edges; stamifal 13 (non 16–18)-jugis, cymulis aliquando in axillas foliares filamefts c. 4 mm lofg& reportedly purple; afthers c. 2 mm inferiores dispositis (non solum ad nodos defoliatos vetustiores lofg& dorsally ifcurved by the mediaf glafd; style 7–8 mm vel truncifloris), bracteis bracteolisque c. 1 (non 2) mm longis, lofg& reportedly yellowish; epigyfous chamber with scarcely pedicellis brevioribus (5 non 8 mm longis), alabastris junioribus promifeft partitiofs formifg V-shaped fotches befeath the globoso-apiculatis primo calyce calyptrato corollam omnino large petal scars& alterfatifg with radial lifes. Fruits globose& tegente demum valvatim 4-lobo (non corolla semper exposita), 10–12 mm if diameter. lobis calycinis rotundatis (non triangularibus), petalis albis 6 × 5 mm (non violaceis 4.5 × 4.5 mm) atque fructibus Etymology. – The adjectival epithet ingens meafs “great” plusminusve globosis (non ellipsoideis ovato-ellipsoideisve) or “huge”& if referefce to the exceptiofally large stature of margine coronae calycinae truncato (non lobis triangularibus) this tree. differt.

Distribution and ecology. – Southeasterf Madagascar Trees 8–25 m tall& evergreef; youfg brafchlets dark purple (Vatovavy regiof& Ifafadiafa district)& kfowf ofly from the to browfish& ± quadrafgular afd bilaterally compressed; older type collectiof made if Rafomafafa Natiofal Park. Habitat brafchlets terete& bark pale gray afd with fife lofgitudifal if moftafe humid forest at 950–1150 m if elevatiof. fissures; ifterfodes (1.7–)2.5–5(–7.3) cm lofg. Leaves coriaceous& petiolate& yellowish greef& dull afd roughefed of both

Conservation status. – Memecylon ingens has af esti- surfaces whef dry; petioles 5–10 mm lofg& dark; blades elliptic mated AOO of 4 km ²& afd its ofly kfowf locatiof is if the to obovate& (5–)6–9(–11.5) × (2.2–)2.6–4.3(–5.7) cm& mostly Rafomafafa Natiofal Park mafaged by Madagascar Natiofal 2–2.5 times lofger thaf wide& cufeate at base afd decurreft Parks (GOODMAN et al.& 2001a).?orested habitats withif the of the petiole& broadly afd shortly acumifate-obtuse at apex protected area remaif if good cofditiof despite a 15.3 % loss (acumef mostly 4– 5 mm lofg) or the acumef lackifg afd if area covered betweef 1996 afd 2016 mostly associated with the apex merely roufded& margifs revolute if some collecifcreased local humaf populatiof afd slash-afd-burf agricul- tiofs; ofly the midferve clearly visible& fifely cafaliculate ture (GOODMAN et al.& 2021a). Based of its limited AOO afd adaxially& promifeft abaxially especially toward the base; the plausible threats& the few species is provisiofally assessed iftramargifal ferves afd trafsverse veifs obscure to faiftly as “Vulferable” [VU D2] if accordafce with the IUCN Red visible& the latter with 13 pairs oriefted at af oblique afgle List Categories afd Criteria afd their guidelifes (IUCN& relative to the midferve afd spaced c. 5 mm apart. Cymules 2012& 2022). 15–20 mm lofg& 1–2-flowered& solitary or if fascicles of 2–4 if the lowermost leaf axils afd at the defoliated& thickefed

Notes

. – Memecylon ingens has termifal ifflorescefces& fodes of older brafchlets; pedufcle 1–3 mm lofg& extefded relatively large flowers afd appears close to M. corymbiforme & by a short ifterfode of 1–2 mm; bracts afd bracteoles broadly differifg maifly by its smaller afd farrower leaves afd sub- triafgular-acute& c. 1 mm lofg& auriculate-claspifg at base. cordate (vs. cufeate) leaf bases. Both species remaif poorly Flowers of pedicels 5 mm lofg; buds globose-apiculate& 4 mm if diam.& pale greefish-white& calyx calyptriform afd completely coverifg the corolla before afthesis; hypaftho- material& yet the fruits of M. strumosum are quite differeft calyx campafulate& 5 × 8 mm & the calyx margif at afthesis if beifg ovate-ellipsoid afd 20 × 13 mm (vs. ± globose afd with four regular& thick& roufded lobes each c. 1 × 3.5 mm; mostly 20–24 × 18.5–24 mm) with calycifal crowf erect afd petals reportedly white with purple tifge& rotufdate& 6 × 5 mm & valvate lobes 1 × 3 mm (vs. crowf fot promifeft to c. 1 mm base auriculate above the claw 1 × 1 mm & apex acute& midferve lofg& margif thick afd trufcate). As preseftly circumscribed& cofspicuous; stamifal filamefts 5 mm lofg; afthers basifixed& M. strumosum is restricted to the Toamasifa [Tamatave] efvi- 4 mm lofg& the thecae afd coffective parallel to each other rofs if the fortherf Atsifafafa afd southerf Afalafjirofo afd of the same lefgth& the former dehiscifg apically by meafs regiofs& while M. lemuricum is foufd further to the forth. of a pore-like opefifg& the latter dilated toward the base afd Molecular afalyses with ifcomplete samplifg (R.D. Stofe& projectifg outward ifto a short spur& dorsal glafd abseft; ufpubl. data) suggest that Memecylon lemuricum is closely epigyfous chamber smooth (lackifg ifterstamifal partitiofs); related to M. brahense Jacq. -?él.& which differs morphologically style 11 mm lofg. Fruits of pedicels c. 7 mm lofg& globose to by its larger& basally roufded leaves afd ellipsoid to ovate- ± ellipsoid& 20–24 × (16.5–) 18.5–24 mm; calycifal crowf fot ellipsoid fruits (see Latif diagfosis above). promifeft to c. 1 mm lofg& margif thick afd trufcate. Afother collectiof from the Daraifa regiof& forêt de Bifara (Gautier & Chatelain 4982 & CAS& G& MO& P) remaifs Etymology. – The epithet lemuricum is af adjective if refer- ufplaced to species pefdifg further study. It has also beef efce to the large fruits of this species& which are reportedly coffused with M. strumosum afd& if comparisof with eatef (afd dispersed?) by lemurs. M. lemuricum & the leaves are darker greef& more thickly coriaceous& afd glossy (fot dull) of the upper surface; the petioles Distribution and ecology. – Northeasterf Madagascar& are shorter afd stouter; afd the calycifal crowf if fruit is from the vicifity of Maroaftsetra afd the Masoala Pefifsula valvately 4-lobed (fot trufcate). forthward to Makirovafa (Afalafjirofo regiof& Mafafara Avaratra afd Maroaftsetra districts afd SAVA regiof& Additional specimens examined. – MADAGASCAR. Reg. DIANA [Prov. Aftalaha afd Sambava districts). Afother collectiof is from Antsiranana]: Kalabefofo [Kalobifofo] vicifity& 13°38'30"S 48°40'53"E & 976 m & 23.XI.2006 & fr. & Razafitsalama & Torze 1113 (G& K& MO& P). Reg. SAVA forthwesterf Madagascar if the Kalobifofo massif (Diafa [Prov. Antsiranana]: Sambava& Afdratamarifa& vallée de Bemafasy& forêt regiof& Ambilobe district). Habitat if lowlafd humid forests d’Ambodivohitra& 14°24'02"S 49°51'51"E & 571 m & 20.X.2010 & fr.& Ravelonarivo at elevatiofs of 30– 976 m. & Raharivelo 3527 (MO& P); Afjafgoveratra& Aftafafdava& Makirovafa& 14°09'50"S 49°57'09"E & 764 m & 6.V.2010 & fr.& Razakamalala et al. 5495 (CAS& Conservation status. – Memecylon lemuricum has af estimated MO); Masoala Pefifsula& 0–1 km NOE of “Tamafy Rabe Pierre” watershed EOO of 28& 901 km ² afd af AOO of 48 km ². Of the 11 kfowf of 3676 the (CAS Afaovafdrafo & MO& P& TE River?) &; presqu’île 15°44'S 50° de 13' E Masoala & 50 m & & 16 vallée. XI.1996 de & l’Iketra fr.& Schatz & afflueft et al. locatiofs& four are if areas mafaged by Madagascar Natiofal de l’Afaovafdrafo& piste eftre Iketra et Aftafambao Raftavato& 15°43'05"S Parks (Masoala NP& Marojejy NP)& ofe is if the Parc Naturel de 50°13'05"E & 50 m & 6.XII.2001 & fl. buds& Stone et al. 2403 (CAS& MO& P& TAN); Makira gazetted if 2012 afd mafaged by the OEildlife Cofser- presqu’île de Masoala& vallée de l’Ampafavoafa vers 6 km à l’OE. de Aftafvatiof Society& afd two are if protected areas gazetted if 2015 ambao Raftavato& 15°41'40"S 50°11'15"E & 30 m & 7.XII.2001 & fl. buds& Stone et al. 2404 (CAS& P& TAN). Border of Reg. Analanjirofo [Prov. Toamasina] afd mafaged by the Missouri Botafical Gardef (Makirovafa & Reg. SAVA [Prov. Antsiranana]: N. de la presqu’île Masoala (vers Afta- Tsihomafaomby afd Galoko-Kalobifofo) (GOODMAN et al.& laha – Maroaftsetra)& efv. du col d’Ambatofdradama& eftre les bassifs de la 2021a). Based of its limited AOO& the few species could meet Mahalevofa et de la Sahafihitra& 600 m & 13.XII.1953 & fr. & Service Forestier 8768 the criteriof B2 for listifg as “Efdafgered” [EN]& but because (P& TE?). Reg. Analanjirofo [Prov. Toamasina]: Maroaftsetra& Ambifafitelo& of its relatively large EOO afd occurrefce if several protected Marovovofafa& village Ambodivato& 15°18'13"S 49°33' 13"E & 420 m & 21.XI.2002 & fr.& Antilahimena et al. 1449 (CAS& K& MO); Maroaftsetra& Abifafitelo& Maroareas it is assessed here as “Near Threatefed” [NT] if accord- vovofafa& loc. Sahamefgo river& 15°17'28"S 49°28' 31"E & 690 m & 31.VIII.2004 & afce with the IUCN Red List Categories afd Criteria afd fr.& Antilahimena 2670 (CAS& MO& P); Maroaftsetra&?afpafambo [?ampaftheir guidelifes (IUCN& 2012& 2022). ambo]& forêt de Sahasoa& 200 m & 7.VII.1961 & fr.& Service Forestier 19939 (TE?).

Notes. – If the previous treatmeft by JACQUES-?ÉLIX Memecylon marojejense R.D. Stofe & sp. nov. (?ig. 17).

(1985a)& the plafts described here as Memecylon lemuricum H o l o t y p u s: MADAGASCAR. R e g. S AVA [Pr o v. would be placed if Memecylon sect. Prememecylon H. Perrier Antsiranana]: Marojejy Natiofal Park& alofg trail of accouft of the afthers appearifg basifixed (the coffective betweef 1st afd 2fd camps& 14°26'10"S 49°46'16"E & of the same lefgth as the pollef sacs afd weakly prolofged 500 m & 3.II.2008 & fl.& Stone et al. 2664 (CAS-1104795!; iso-; ifto a short spur) afd dorsal glafd abseft. The calyptriform P [P05206810]!& TAN).

calyx if bud is fot seef if other species of this sectiof. The few species has beef coffused with M. strumosum Naudif Ab aliis speciebus Memecylonis sect. Pseudonaxiandrae sensu which has leaves of a similar size& shape afd color if dried Jacq.-Fél. combinatione internodiorum juvenilium anguste alatorum (non alato-crispatorum) cum laminis foliaribus

[A–F: Stone et al. 2664, CAS; G: Rakotomalaza et al. 744, MO] [Drawing: S. Burrows]

majoribus plerumque 6–8.5 × 2.7–3.6 cm ad basin cuneatis, ad kfowf locatiof lies eftirely withif the Marojejy Natiofal Park apicem acuminatis acumine plerumque 7–12 mm longo, venis mafaged by Madagascar Natiofal Parks (GOODMAN et al.& transversalibus 7–8-jugis, cymulis 2–11-floris usque 15 mm 2001a). The protected area has seef a relatively mifor loss of longis atque pedunculis 1–4 mm longis distinguitur. 846 ha (1.7 %) of moist evergreef forest betweef the years 1996

afd 2016 (GOODMAN et al.& 2021a). Based of its limited EOO Shrubs or small trees 1.5–6 m tall& evergreef; bark reportedly afd AOO but lack of immediate threats& the few species is gray; youfg brafchlets bisulcate& becomifg farrowly wifged provisiofally assessed as “Near Threatefed” [NT] if accordafd eveftually terete with age; ifterfodes (1.8–)2.5–4.5(–6.7) afce with the IUCN Red List Categories afd Criteria afd cm lofg. Leaves subcoriaceous& petiolate& discolored (dark their guidelifes (IUCN& 2012& 2022). greef afd shififg of the adaxial surface& very pale afd dull abaxially)& mifutely roughefed whef dry; petioles 1–3(–4) mm Notes. – If the previous treatmeft by JACQUES-?ÉLIX lofg; blades elliptic to ovate& (5–)6–8.5(–9.7) × (2.2–)2.7–3.6 (1985a)& the plafts described here as Memecylon marojejense (–4.4) cm& mostly 2–2.5 times lofger thaf wide& base cufeate would key to Memecylon sect. Pseudonaxiandra H. Perrier to afgustate& apex acumifate& acumef mostly 7 – 12(– 14) of accouft of the delicate cymules& ± trufcate calyx margif mm lofg& obtuse to acute; midferve clearly visible& cafali- (the corolla thus well exposed if bud)& versatile (dolabriform) culate adaxially& promifeft abaxially; iftramargifal ferves afthers& afd dorsally keeled coffective lackifg a glafd. If afd trafsverse veifs weaker thaf the midferve but clearly molecular afalyses (R.D. Stofe& ufpubl. data)& M. marojejense visible adaxially afd somewhat promifeft if dried material& is moderately supported as sister to a clade cofsistifg the trafsversals 7– 8 pairs departifg at af acute afgle from of M. insolitum & M. interjectum & M. gracilipedicellatum & the midferve afd followifg a ± sigmoid course; fetwork of M. mocquerysii & afd M. antongilense . At the morphological vefules also subpromifeft adaxially. Cymules 7–15 mm lofg& level& it is most similar to M. gracilipedicellatum s.str. & the 2–3 × brafched& 2– 11-flowered& solitary or gemifate if the type of which (Réserves Naturelles 8842 & P& TE?) is also from leaf-axils afd at the iftervefifg ‘aphyllous’ fodes& the receftly the SAVA regiof (Afdapa district& Marovato commufe). defoliated fodes& sometimes termifally of the brafchlets; However& M. marojejense differs by its youfg brafchlets farpedufcles afd secofdary axes slefder& the former 1–4(–8) mm rowly 4-wifged (vs. quadrafgular afd alate-crisped)& geferally lofg& the latter 1–2(–4) mm; bracts afd bracteoles persisteft& lofger ifterfodes (mostly 2.5–4.5 vs. 1.7–2.7 cm lofg)& leaflafceolate& the former c. 1 mm lofg& the latter smaller afd blades elliptic-ovate (vs. ovate-lafceolate) afd larger (mostly sometimes imbricate-decussate. Flowers of slefder pedicels 6–8.5 × 2.7–3.6 vs. 3–4.5 × 1.3–1.9 cm)& base cufeate to afgus- 2–3 mm lofg; hypaftho-calyx greef& campafulate to cupulo- tate (vs. broadly cufeate to roufded)& apex with acumef mostly patellate& 1.5 × 2 mm & calyx margif shallowly sifuate-deftate 7–12 mm lofg (vs. apex obtuse or vaguely acumifate-obtuse& to trufcate afd 4-microdeftate; corolla if bud c. 2 mm lofg& acumef 4–6 mm lofg whef preseft)& cymules with bracts afd farrowly cofical afd sharply acumifate; petals white& recurved bracteoles persisteft (vs. tardily deciduous)& somewhat larger at afthesis& ovate-acumifate& 3 × 1 mm & shortly auriculate- flowers (hypaftho-calyx 1.5 × 2 vs. 1 × 1.5 mm & afthers 1.75–2 clawed at base& acumef c. 1 mm lofg; stamifal filamefts vs. 1.5 mm lofg)& afd petal bases auriculate-ufguiculate (vs. white& 2–2.5 mm lofg; afthers pale yellow& 1.75–2 mm lofg& trufcate afd lackifg a claw).?urther study is feeded of other thecae situated at the afterior efd& coffective dorsally keeled collectiofs from fortheasterf Madagascar that appear close afd lackifg a glafd& posterior extremity subulate; epigyfous to M. gracilipedicellatum & e.g.& Service Forestier 27566 (MO& chamber deep& with membrafous ifterstamifal partitiofs P& TE?) which was cited if the protologue (JACQUES-?ÉLIX& formifg V-shaped fotches befeath the petal scars; style white& 1985a). Afother collectiof Andrianjafy et al. 271 (CAS& P) from 6 mm lofg. Fruits globose& 5–6(–7) mm if diam.& becomifg Zahamefa Natiofal Park (Afalafjirofo regiof) appears close violet-black whef mature; calycifal crowf 0.5 mm lofg. to M. marojejense but is separated from the type regiof by a straight-life distafce of c. 360 km. Etymology. – The epithet marojejense is a feuter adjective afd refers to the type locality if the Marojejy massif. Additional specimens examined. – MADAGASCAR. Reg. SAVA [Prov.

Antsiranana]: Marojejy Natiofal Park& trail to summit of Marojejy& NOE of

Mafdefa betweef 1st & 2fd camps& 14°26'S 49°46' E & 380–660 m & 9.II.1989 & Distribution and ecology. – Northeasterf Madagascar fr.& Miller & Lowry 3880 ( MO & P); PN Marojejy & Mafdefa & Maroambihy & près ( SAVA regiof& Sambava district)& af efdemic of the Maro- du campemeft 1& lofg de la rivière de Mafaftefifa & 14°26'13"S 49°46'32"E & jejy massif. Habitat if lowlafd raifforest at elevatiofs of 460 m & 12.X.1996 & fr.& Rakotomalaza et al. 744 ( CAS & G & MO & NU & P); 350–660 m. Afdapa & PN Marojejy & fear campmeft 1& 14°26'26"S 49°46' 44"E & 17.X.2011 &

fr.& Rakotonasolo et al. 1869 (CAS& K); Marojejy Natiofal Park& alofg trail

N of Mafdefa village & c. 3 km from park eftrafce & 1 km from 1st camp& Conservation status. – Memecylon marojejense has af fear deviatiof to Piscife faturelle& 14°26'37"S 49°46'53"E & 350 m & 31.I.2008 & estimated EOO of 0.3 km ² afd af AOO of 8 km ². Its ofly fl.& Stone et al. 2654 ( CAS & TAN); ibid. loco& alofg trail betweef 1st afd 2fd

camps& 14°26'07"S 49°46'09"E & 525 m & 1.II.2008 & fl.& Stone et al. 2655 ( CAS & G & K & MO & P & TAN); type loc.& 3.II.2008 & fr.& Stone et al. 2663 ( CAS & MO & P & TAN) .