Dichotomius Hope, 1838

Rosa, Cecilia Lozano De La, Cupello, Mario & Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z., 2024, The dung beetles of Venezuela (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): catalogue and updated distribution, European Journal of Taxonomy 959 (1), pp. 1-272 : 89-90

Genus Dichotomius Hope, 1838

Dichotomius Hope, 1838: 321 (original description). Type species: Scarabaeus boreus Olivier, 1789 , by original designation; see Martínez (1951).

Pinotus Erichson, 1847a: 108 (original description). Type species: uncertain. Usually claimed to be Scarabaeus carolinus Linnaeus, 1767 (e.g., Lacordaire 1855; Luederwaldt 1929; Nunes & Vaz-de-Mello 2019), but, as argued by Martínez (1951), this nominal species was not among the two expressly assigned to Pinotus by Erichson (1847a). Martínez (1951) stated that Pinotus talaus Erichson, 1847 was the actual type, and this was indeed one of the two species expressly assigned to the genus by Erichson (1847a). However, why Martínez believed that talaus specifically was the type is unclear. Regardless, if no type species had been fixed prior to 1951, Martínez’s (1951) act should be interpreted as a valid subsequent designation of P. talaus as the type species of Pinotus under Art. 69.1.1 of the Code ( ICZN 1999). Bouchard et al. (2024), unaware of Martínez’s act, recently designated the same nominal species as the type, but Martínez’s designation would take precedence over theirs. To settle this issue, it must be determined whether no type species fixation indeed existed prior to Martínez (1951).

Brachycopris Haldeman, 1848: 125 (original description). Type species: Scarabaeus carolinus Linnaeus, 1767 , by original designation.

Pseudoheliocopris Ferreira, 1970: 3 (original description). Type species: Pseudoheliocopris freyi Ferreira, 1970 , by original designation, not P. cornutus Ferreira, 1970 by original designation as informed by Nunes & Vaz-de-Mello (2019).

Dichotomius – Agassiz 1846: 353 (catalogue). — Erichson 1847a: 108 (synonymy with Pinotus ). — Lucas 1920: 237 (cited as synonym of Pinotus ). — Blackwelder 1944: 206 (cited as synonym of Pinotus ). — Martínez 1951: 139 (comments); 1959: 80 (catalogue for Argentina). — Pereira 1954a: 57 (key). — Roze 1955: 44 (checklist for Venezuela). — Halffter & Matthews 1966: 257 (catalogue, distribution). — Vulcano & Pereira 1967: 577 (key). — Howden & Young 1981: 13, 123 (key, redescription). — Halffter & Edmonds 1982: 137 (catalogue, distribution). — Blanco 1988: 40 (catalogue). — Kohlmann & Solís 1997: 344 (redescription). — Medina & Lopera-Toro 2000: 306 (key). — Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 193 (checklist for Brazil). — Medina et al. 2001: 138 (checklist for Colombia). — Ratcliffe 2002: 15 (checklist for Panama). — Ratcliffe et al. 2002: 49 (key). — Kohlmann 2003: 49 (list). — Hamel-Leigue et al. 2006: 15 (list). — Sarmiento-Garcés & Amat-García 2009: 286 (description); 2014: 25 (redescription). — Vaz-de-Mello et al. 2011a: 20 (key). — Carvajal et al. 2011: 129, 320 (diagnosis, list). — Krajcik 2012: 91 (list). — Solís & Kohlmann 2012: 6 (checklist for Costa Rica). — Boilly & Vaz-de-Mello 2013: 109 (key). — Ferrer-Paris et al. 2013: 96 (list). — Chamorro et al. 2018: 77, 94–95 (list for Ecuador); 2019: 10, 109 (catalogue). — Pardo-Díaz et al. 2019: 1–4 (characteristics). — Cassenote et al. 2020: 1 (distribution, diagnosis). — Nieto et al. 2020: 136 (report).

Pinotus – Lacordaire 1855: 98 (redescription, type species designation). — Harold 1869b: 124 (redescription); 1869d: 1009 (catalogue).— Bruch 1911: 187 (list). — Gillet 1911b: 59 (catalogue). — Lucas 1920: 514 (catalogue, distribution). — Luederwaldt 1929: 8, 10 (redescription, key); 1931b: 369 (key). — Paulian 1938: 234 (key). — Pessôa & Lane 1941: 437 (key). — Blackwelder 1944: 206 (list). — Martínez 1951: 139 (synonym of Dichotomius ); 1959: 80 (cited as synonym of Dichotomius ). — Halffter & Matthews 1966: 257 (cited as synonym of Dichotomius ). — Howden & Young 1981: 123 (cited as synonym of Dichotomius ). — Halffter & Edmonds 1982: 137 (cited as synonym of Dichotomius ). — Kohlmann & Solís 1997: 344 (cited as synonym of Dichotomius ). — Ratcliffe 2002: 15 (cited as synonym of Dichotomius ). — Solís & Kohlmann 2012: 6 (cited as synonym of Dichotomius ). — Sarmiento-Garcés & Amat-García 2014: 25 (cited as synonym of Dichotomius ). — Nunes & Vaz-de-Mello 2019: 37–38, 2231–2351 (revision).

Brachycopris – Harold 1869d: 1009 (cited as synonym of Pinotus ). — Gillet 1911b: 59 (cited as synonym of Pinotus ). — Lucas 1920: 146 (synonym of Pinotus ). — Blackwelder 1944: 206 (cited as synonym of Pinotus ). — Martínez 1951: 139 (comments, synonym of Pinotus ); 1959: 80 (cited as synonym of Dichotomius ). — Kohlmann & Solís 1997: 344 (cited as synonym of Dichotomius ). — Ratcliffe 2002: 15 (cited as synonym of Dichotomius ). — Solís & Kohlmann 2012: 6 (cited as synonym of Dichotomius ). — Sarmiento-Garcés & Amat-García 2014: 25 (cited as synonym of Dichotomius ). — Nunes & Vaz-de-Mello 2019: 2239 (cited).

Pseudoheliocopris – Cambefort 1976: 270 (synonymy with Dichotomius ).