Tetraechma, Blanchard, 1841

Rosa, Cecilia Lozano De La, Cupello, Mario & Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z., 2024, The dung beetles of Venezuela (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): catalogue and updated distribution, European Journal of Taxonomy 959 (1), pp. 1-272 : 206-207

Tetraechma liturata ( Germar, 1813)

Fig. 76B

Ateuchus lituratus Germar, 1813: 117 (original description). Type locality: Brazil. Name-bearing type: lectotype (MFNB), designated by Nunes & Vaz-de-Mello (2022), examined by FZVM.

Canthon quadripustulatum Guérin-Ménéville, 1855: 587 (original description). Type locality: South America: Amazon. Name-bearing type: unknown typification status and whereabouts ( Nunes & Vaz-de-Mello 2022).

Canthon lituratus bifasciatus Schmidt, 1920: 120 (original description). Type locality: Colombia: Tolima: Honda, Magdalena River. Name-bearing type: lectotype (NHRS), designated by Vaz-de-Mello & Cupello (2018) [ Nunes & Vaz-de-Mello’s (2022) designation of the same specimen as the lectotype is invalid for being junior], examined by FZVM.

Canthon lituratus solutus Schmidt, 1920: 120 (original description). Type locality: Colombia. Name-bearing type: lectotype (NHRS), designated by Vaz-de-Mello & Cupello (2018) [ Nunes & Vaz-de-Mello’s (2022) designation of the same specimen as the lectotype is invalid for being junior], examined by FZVM.

Canthon lituratus – Perty 1830: 38 (description). — Harold 1868a: 95 (redescription). — Harold 1880: 15 (cited for Barranquilla, Colombia). — Bruch 1915: 540 (catalog, cited as synonym of Canthon apicalis ). — Schmidt 1920: 120 (distribution). — Boucomont 1928b: 3 (list). — Pessôa & Lane 1941: 422 (monograph, distribution). — Martínez 1959: 35 (catalogue for Argentina). — Vulcano & Pereira 1964: 617 (catalogue). — Halffter & Martínez 1977: 10 (notes). — Howden & Young 1981: 25 (redescription). — Escobar 1997: 423 (list); 2000: 206 (checklist for Colombia). — Solís & Kohlmann 2002: 29 (redescription, distribution). — Bustos-Gómez & Lopera-Toro 2003: 61 (diet). — Noriega 2004: 40 (checklist for Tinigua Park, Colombia). — Quintero & Roslin 2005: appendix A (ecology). — Kohlmann et al. 2007: 29 (atlas). — Noriega et al. 2007: 82 (list). — Pulido-Herrera et al. 2007: 307 (cited for Andean region of Colombia). — Cultid-Medina et al. 2012: 67 (guide). — Solís & Kohlmann 2012: 3 (checklist for Costa Rica). — Ferrer-Paris et al. 2013: 108 (list). — Silva et al. 2014: 348 (diversity); 2017: 490 (list). — Giraldo et al. 2018: 26 (guide). — Nieto et al. 2020: 136 (report). — Nunes & Vaz-de-Mello 2022: 1‒4 (revision).

Canthon lituratus quadripustulatus – Harold 1868a: 95 (key). — Harold 1869a: 992 (catalogue). — Bates 1887: 33 (list, cited for Panama). — Bruch,1911: 184 (catalogue). — Gillet 1911b: 31 (catalogue). — Schmidt 1920: 120 (list); 1922: 76 (key). — Pessôa & Lane 1941: 422 (catalogue). — Pereira 1944: 88 (list). — Vulcano & Pereira 1964: 618 (cited). — Nunes & Vaz-de-Mello 2022: 19 (cited).

Canthon lituratus bifasciatus – Schmidt 1920: 125 (description, list). — Schmidt 1922: 76 (key). — Pessôa & Lane 1941: 422 (catalogue). — Pereira 1944: 88 (list). — Vulcano & Pereira 1964: 618 (cited). — Nunes & Vaz-de-Mello 2022: 19 (cited).

Canthon lituratum – Blackwelder 1944: 200 (checklist). — Roze 1955: 41 (checklist for Venezuela). — Vulcano & Pereira 1964: 617 (cited). — Nunes & Vaz-de-Mello 2022: 17 (cited).

Canthon lituratum quadripustulatum – Blackwelder 1944: 200 (checklist). — Gacharná 1951: 221 (catalogue). — Vulcano & Pereira 1964: 618 (cited). — Nunes & Vaz-de-Mello 2022: 19 (cited).

Canthon lituratum bifasciatum – Blackwelder 1944: 200 (checklist). — Gacharná 1951: 221 (list). — Roze 1955: 41 (species list). — Nunes & Vaz-de-Mello 2022: 19 (cited).

Canthon lituratum solutum – Blackwelder 1944: 200 (checklist). — Gacharná 1951: 221 (catalogue). — Vulcano & Pereira 1964: 618 (cited). — Nunes & Vaz-de-Mello 2022: 19 (cited).

Canthon (Canthon) lituratus – Halffter & Martínez 1977: 89 (list). — Vaz-de-Mello et al. 2011b: 86 (list). — Hielkema & Hielkema 2019: 62 (catalogue for the Guianas).

Tetraechma liturata – Nunes & Vaz-de-Mello 2022: 17–22 (remarks).

Material examined

VENEZUELA ‒ La Guaira • 1 spec.; Vargas, La Sabana ; 10°36′25.34″ N, 66°16′31.08″ W; 17 m a.s.l.; 19 Jul. 2009; H. Martínez, P. Cely, M. Córdova and M. Núñez leg.; human faeces; CEMT. ‒ Táchira • 2 spec. s; Libertador, San Joaquín de Navay ; 7.7741° N, 71.6675° W; 550 m a.s.l.; Aug. 2006; T. Good leg.; CEMT .

Distribution

Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, and Uruguay.

Subregions of Venezuela

Maracaibo Depression, Plains, Andes mountains, Central Coast Mountain Range and Cerro Copey, and Margarita Island.

Literature records

Schmidt 1922: 76 ( Venezuela). — Pessôa & Lane 1941: 422 ( Venezuela). — Roze 1955: 41 ( Venezuela: Nueva Esparta: Isla Margarita: Manzanillo and La Asunción; and Guárico). — Howden & Young 1981: 25 ( Venezuela). — Solís & Kohlmann 2002: 29 ( Venezuela). — Ferrer-Paris et al. 2013: 108 ( Venezuela: Aragua [Guárico]: Altagracia de Orituco; Zulia: Rosario de Perijá). — Nunes & Vaz-de-Mello 2022: 20‒21 ( Venezuela: La Guaira and Táchira).

Figures

Fig. 76. Species distribution. A. Sylvicanthon seag Cupello & Vaz-de-Mello, 2018. B. Tetraechma liturata (Germar, 1813). Green diamond = CEMT collection data; black circle = literature data.