Oxysternon silenus Castelnau, 1840

Rosa, Cecilia Lozano De La, Cupello, Mario & Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z., 2024, The dung beetles of Venezuela (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): catalogue and updated distribution, European Journal of Taxonomy 959 (1), pp. 1-272 : 170-172

Oxysternon silenus Castelnau, 1840

Fig. 64B

Oxysternon silenus Castelnau, 1840: 82 (original description). Type locality: French Guiana. Name-bearing type: lectotype (MVMA), designated by Edmonds & Zídek (2004), not examined.

Oxysternon aeneum d’Olsoufieff, 1924: 118 (original description). Type locality: Brazil: Goiás: Jataí. Name-bearing type: lectotype (MNHN), designated by Arnaud (1982), not examined.

Oxysternon smaragdinum d’Olsoufieff, 1924: 117 (original description). Type locality: Ecuador: Loja. Name-bearing type: lectotype (MNHN), designated by Arnaud (1982), not examined.

Oxysternon sericeum d’Olsoufieff, 1924: 117 (original description). Type locality: Bolivia: Cochabamba. Name-bearing type: lectotype (MNHN), designated by Arnaud (1982), not examined.

Oxysternon zikani Pereira, 1943: 109 (original description). Type locality: Brazil: Amazonas: Beruri: Arumã. Name-bearing type: holotype (MZSP), not examined.

Oxysternon zikani peruanus Pereira, 1943: 114 (original description). Type locality: Peru: Junín: Huancayo. Name-bearing type: holotype (MZSP), not examined.

Oxysternon (Oxysternon) silenus dufouri Arnaud, 2001: 2 (original description). Type locality: Peru: Huánuco: Leoncio Prado: Rupa-Rupa: Tingo-María. Name-bearing type: holotype (CPFA), not examined.

Oxysternon (Oxysternon) silenus jossi Arnaud, 2001: 3 (original description). Type locality: Brazil: Pará: Santarém. Name-bearing type: holotype (CPFA), not examined.

Oxysternon silenus chicheryi Arnaud, 2001: 4 (original description). Type locality: Brazil: Roraima: at the confluence of the Rio Negro and the Rio Branco. Name-bearing type: holotype (CPFA), not examined.

Oxysternon silenus zagurii Arnaud, 2001: 3 (original description). Type locality: Brazil: Pará: Tocantins River. Name-bearing type: holotype (CPFA), not examined.

Oxysternon silenus – d’Olsoufieff 1924: 112 (characteristics, distribution). — Blackwelder 1944: 210 (list, distribution). — Forsyth et al. 1998: 371 (conservation, list). — Escobar 2000: 209 (checklist for Colombia). — Vítolo 2000: 599 (key); 2004: 288 (diagnosis, distribution). — Medina et al. 2001: 140 (checklist for Colombia). — Noriega et al. 2007: 83 (list). — Pulido-Herrera et al. 2007: 307 (Andean region of Colombia). — Carpio et al. 2009: 469 (ecology). — Hamel-Leigue et al. 2009: 63 (distribution). — Medina & Pulido-Herrera 2009: 61 (diversity). — Brûlé et al. 2011a: 193 (list, cited for French Guiana); 2011b: 121 (list); 2014: 183 (list for Montagne Pelée). — Larsen 2011: 99 (ecology, list for Suriname). — Feer 2013: 767 (list for French Guiana). — Pardo-Locarno & Camero 2014: 210, 216 (list for Chocó, Colombia). — Feer & Boissier 2015: 169 (list). — Boilly et al. 2016: 89 (key). — Silva et al. 2016: 7 (ecology, biogeography); 2017: 490 (list). — Santos et al. 2018: 46 (list for Acre, Brazil).

Oxysternon zikani peruanus – Pereira 1943: 392 (cited as synonym of O. silenus ). — Edmonds & Zídek 2004: 29 (cited as synonym of O. silenus ).

Oxysternon zikani – Pereira 1953: 392 (cited as synonym of O. silenus ). — Edmonds & Zídek 2004: 29 (cited as synonym of O. silenus ). — Solís & Kohlmann 2012: 7 (checklist for Costa Rica, cited as synonym of O. silenus ).

Oxysternon smaragdinum – Arnaud 1982: 117 (list of MNHN types). — Amézquita et al. 1999: 119 (biodiversity). — Escobar 2000: 210 (list for Colombia). — Vítolo 2000: 599 (key); 2004: 288 (diagnosis, distribution for Colombia). — Pulido-Herrera et al. 2003: 54 (list for Caquetá, Colombia). — Edmonds & Zídek 2004: 29 (cited as synonym of O. silenus ). — Gámez 2004: 48, 58 (distribution for Venezuela). — Solís & Kohlmann 2012: 7 (checklist for Costa Rica, cited as synonym of O. silenus ).

Oxysternon sericeum – Arnaud 1982: 117 (list of types of MNHN). — Edmonds & Zídek 2004: 29 (designation as synonym of O. silenus ). — Solís & Kohlmann 2012: 7 (checklist for Costa Rica, cited as synonym of O. silenus ).

Oxysternon (Oxysternon) aeneum – Gámez & Mora 2000: 17 (list).

Oxysternon (Oxysternon) smaragdinum – Gámez & Mora 2000: 17 (list). — Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 194 (checklist for Brazil).

Oxysternon (Oxysternon) silenus – Arnaud 2001: 2 (designation of neotype). — Edmonds & Zídek 2004: 7, 29 (key, diagnosis, distribution). — Vaz-de-Mello et al. 2011b: 89 (list). — Gámez & Acconcia 2018: 71, (comments, distribution). — Chamorro et al. 2019: 208 (key). — Hielkema & Hielkema 2019: 104 (catalogue for the Guianas).

Oxysternon silenus aeneum – Arnaud 2002b: 76 (key, new combination).

Oxysternon silenus zikani – Arnaud 2002b: 76 (key, new combination). — Edmonds & Zídek 2004: 29 (cited as synonym of O. silenus ).

Oxysternon silenus smaragdinum – Arnaud 2002b: 74 (key, new combination). — Kohlmann et al. 2007: 33 (checklist).

Oxysternon silenus peruanus – Arnaud 2002b: 77 (key, new combination, cited as synonym of O. silenus ).

Oxysternon silenus dufouri – Arnaud 2002b: 77 (key). — Edmonds & Zídek 2004: 30 (cited as synonym of O. silenus ).

Oxysternon silenus chicheryi – Arnaud 2002b: 78 (key, characteristics). — Edmonds & Zídek 2004: 29 (cited as synonym of O. silenus ).

Oxysternon silenus jossi – Arnaud 2002b: 74 (key, characteristics). — Edmonds & Zídek 2004: 30 (cited as synonym of O. silenus ).

Oxysternon silenus smaragdinum – Arnaud 2002b: 74 (key, new combination). — Kohlmann et al. 2007: 33 (checklist).

Oxysternon aeneum – Edmonds & Zídek 2004: 29 (cited as synonym of Oxysternon silenus ). — Solís & Kohlmann 2012: 7 (checklist for Costa Rica, cited as synonym of O. silenus ).

Oxysternon silenus zagurii – Edmonds & Zídek 2004: 30 (cited as synonym of O. silenus ).

Material examined

VENEZUELA ‒ Táchira • 2 specs; Média Libra, Parque Nacional El Tamá ; Sep. 1990; J. Blanco leg.; CEMT .

Distribution

Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.

Subregions of Venezuela

Plains, Peneplain of the Casiquiare River –Upper Orinoco, Andes mountains, and Guiana Shield.

Literature records

Gámez & Mora 2000: 17 ( Venezuela). — Arnaud 2002b: 74 ( Venezuela). — Edmonds & Zídek 2004: 7, 29 ( Venezuela: Amazonas, Bolívar, Barinas and Táchira). — Gámez 2004: 48, 58 (Cordillera de Los Andes subregion). — Hamel-Leigue et al. 2009: 63 ( Venezuela). — Gámez & Acconcia 2018: 71, 73 ( Venezuela: Barinas). — Chamorro et al. 2019: 208, 213, 217–218, 225 ( Venezuela).

Figures

Fig. 64. Species distribution. A. Oxysternon festivum festivum (Linnaeus, 1758). B. Oxysternon silenus Castelnau, 1840. Green diamond = CEMT collection data; black circle = literature data.