Campoplex borealis (Zetterstedt, 1838)

Scaramozzino, Pier Luigi, Giovanni, Filippo Di, Loni, Augusto, Ricciardi, Renato & Lucchi, Andrea, 2018, Updated list of the insect parasitoids (Insecta, Hymenoptera) associated with Lobesiabotrana (Denis & Schiffermueller, 1775) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) in Italy. 2. Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Anomaloninae and Campopleginae, ZooKeys 772, pp. 47-95 : 47

Campoplex borealis (Zetterstedt, 1838) Figure 3

Campoplex borealis : Nuzzaci and Triggiani 1982: 49.

Italian distribution of reared parasitoids.

Apulia: Nuzzaci and Triggiani 1982 [on Daphne gnidium L.].

Distribution.

The species is widely spread throughout Europe and Northern Russia ( Yu et al. 2012; Zwakhals and van Achterberg 2017). In 1937, 96 adults of C. borealis were released in U.S.A. (Connecticut) from Europe, to control the European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) ( Lepidoptera Tortricidae ), but the species has not become established ( Dowden 1962, Bartlett et al. 1978).

Host range.

Yu et al. (2012) report 19 host species associated with C. borealis , belonging to the families Coleophoridae (8 species), Tortricidae (4 species, L. botrana is not into the list), Psychidae , Yponomeutidae , Eriocraniidae , Gelechiidae , Gracillariidae , Simaethidae (one species each) and on the weevil Anthonomus pomorum (Linnaeus, 1758) ( Coleoptera Curculionidae ).

Ecological role.

In three years of sampling on Daphne gnidium , Nuzzaci and Triggiani (1982) obtained three specimens of this parasitoid from larvae of L. botrana (identified by K. Horstmann). This is the only record on EGVM so far.

Taxonomic notes.

Campoplex borealis is the species that gives its name to a " borealis " species-group of the genus Campoplex ( Horstmann 2012). With the name of C. borealis were indicated at least six different species ( Horstmann 2012), morphologically very similar and mainly characterized by their host preferences. Right now, eight species are included in this species-group: C. borealis (Zetterstedt, 1838), C. jaeckhi (Bauer, 1936), C. psammae (Morley, 1915), C. punctipleuris Horstmann, 1980, C. serratellae Horstmann, 2012, C. caloptiliae Horstmann, 2013, C. tussilaginis Horstmann, 2013 and Campoplex linosyridellae Horstmann, 2016. They are mainly related to Coleophoridae and Gelechiidae ; one species, C. caloptiliae , lives on Gracillariidae , while a second species close to C. psammae lives on Psychidae ( Horstmann 1980, 2012, 2013, Shaw et al. 2016). Horstmann (1985) does not mention EGVM among the hosts of C. borealis , despite a male and a female collected by Nuzzaci and Triggiani are in his collection in ZSM.