Acanthopleura gemmata

Schwabe, Enrico, Sirenko, Boris I. & Seeto, Johnson, 2008, A checklist of Polyplacophora (Mollusca) from the Fiji islands, Zootaxa 1777, pp. 1-52 : 18-20

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.274284

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6228068

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E286D37-402F-FFF0-C2BB-FCABFCB0E6F6

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Acanthopleura gemmata
status

 

Acanthopleura gemmata View in CoL (de Blainville, 1825)

( Figures 5A View FIGURE 5. A , 6A, B View FIGURE 6. A – B )

Chresonymy in Ferreira (1986: 225) and Kaas et al. (2006: 261). Following the latter revision we consider Acanthopleura vaillantii de Rochebrune, 1882, which was considered a synonym of A. gemmata by Ferreira (1986), a distinct species, because the differences in the valve sculpture and proportion, and the girdle elements (summarized in Kaas & Van Belle 1986: 124) are significant enough to separate both taxa. Additionally, Ferreira (1986) pointed out that there is a distribution gap in the Acanthopleura gemmata – complex. According to his data, the western extreme border of this gap aggrees well with the easternmost records of A. vaillantii . In the area between no specimens of either species were found.

Chiton aculeatus ; Spengler 1797 (non Linnaeus, 1758): 78.

Chiton gemmatus View in CoL (-a) de Blainville 1825 (non de Koninck, 1842): 544; Ashby 1922a: 580; Lamy 1923: 264; Iredale & Hull 1927: 126; Fischer 1957: 13; Hoare 2002: 98; Dinapoli 2004: 55; Kaas et al. 2006: 261.

? Chiton magnificus Sowerby 1833 View in CoL (non Deshayes, 1827): pl. 45, fig. 52; Kaas & Van Belle 1980: 80; 1998: 117; Ferreira 1986: 231 (as nomen nudum); Kaas et al. 2006: 261.

Chiton spiniger Sowerby 1840a: 287 View in CoL , Suppl.: pl. 16, fig. 2 (lectotype NHM 1842.5.10.1654 [designated by Ferreira 1986, p. 226], one paralectotype NHM 1842.5.10.1652; type locality: Philippines, Siquijor Island [09°10’N 123°33’E], not seen); 1840b: 1, 10, sp. 3, fig. 68 (1833); 1841: 61; Hanley 1855: 14; Lischke 1873: 23; 1874: 72; Dunker 1882: 158; van Bemmelen 1883b: 362; Moseley 1885: 38; Fischer 1887: 881; Clessin 1903: 81, pl. 30, fig. 3; Lamy 1938: 88; Taki 1938: 401; Kaas & Van Belle 1980: 122; 1998: 175; Ferreira 1986: 225, figs 14–16; Slieker 2000: 152; Gowlett-Holmes 2001: 33; Strack 2003: 14; Kaas et al. 2006: 261.

? Acanthopleura magnifica ; Gray 1847a: 68.

Chiton piceus View in CoL ; Sowerby 1841 (non Gmelin, 1797): 61; Brazier 1877: 74; E.A. Smith 1884: 81; Haddon 1886: 23; Pilsbry 1893: 226, pl. 49, figs 37–38 (not 38–39 as cited by him); Cox 1893: 425; Kaas & Van Belle 1980: 100; Ferreira 1986: 233 (as nomen iquirendum); Neubert & Gosteli 2005: 7; Kaas et al. 2006: 261.

Chiton brevispinosus View in CoL ; Berge 1847 [non Sowerby, 1840]: 113.

Chiton (Acanthopleura) obesus Shuttleworth 1853: 191 [nomen nudum]; E.A. Smith 1884: 81; Haddon 1886: 23; Kaas & Van Belle 1980: 91; 1998: 132; Ferreira 1986: 233; Slieker 2000: 149; Kaas et al. 2006: 261.

Chiton macgillivrayi A. Adams 1855: 120 View in CoL (the whereabout of the four syntypes is unknown [ Ferreira 1986], Locus typicus: Fiji Island); E.A. Smith 1884: 81; Haddon 1886: 23; Kaas & Van Belle 1980: 79; 1998: 116; Ferreira 1986: 226; Slieker 2000: 147; Gowlett-Holmes 2001: 33; Kaas et al. 2006: 261.

Acanthopleura spiniger View in CoL (-a); Simroth 1894: 106; Boettger 1916: 287, pl. 21, fig. 1 a–c; Ashby 1922a: 580; 1931: 53; Lamy 1923: 264, 265; Oostingh 1925: page without a number; Leloup 1937a: 147, 151, fig. 15b; 1960: 38; 1980b: 5; 1981a: 9 (partim); Taki 1938: 401; Fischer 1957: 23; Fischer-Piette & Franc 1960: 1710, 1715, figs. 1522 & 1528; Lowenstam 1967: 1373; Hyman 1967: 139; Rajagopal & Subba Rao 1974: 407; Wingstrand 1985: 62 –64, 67, 70, 71; figs 22–24, 27, 28; pl. 10, fig. 42; pl. 11, figs 45–46; Sirenko & Kashenko 1990: 49; Hulings 1991: 16; Gowlett- Holmes 1998b: 186; Subba Rao & Dey 2000: 5; Treves et al. 2003: 1103; Subba Rao 2003: 55, figs. 18, 20.2; Dell’Angelo et al. 2004a: 48; Schwabe 2006a: 111; 2006b: 20; Vinther 2006: 22, fig. 15.

Acanthopleura rawakiana View in CoL de Rochebrune 1882: 195 (lectotype at MNHN 6113 [designated in Ferreira 1986, p. 226], type locality: “Rawak. Terre des Papous” [we failed to find Rawak of Ferreira 1986, p. 226 at Indonesia: Nusa Tenggara Timur, 09°55’S 119°50’E]); Haddon 1886: 30; Kaas & Van Belle 1980: 109; 1998: 156; Ferreira 1986: 226, 231, fig. 18; Slieker 2000: 151; Gowlett-Holmes 2001: 33; Schwabe 2006a: 111; Kaas et al. 2006: 261.

Acanthopleura balansae View in CoL de Rochebrune 1882: 197 (lectotype at MNHN 5864 [designated in Ferreira 1986, p. 226], three paralectotypes at MNHN; type locality: New Caledonia [restricted by Ferreira 1986, p. 226]); Haddon 1886: 30; Thiele 1909a: 8; Kaas & Van Belle 1980: 14; 1998: 27; Ferreira 1986: 226, 231, fig. 19; Zeidler & Gowlett 1986: 112; Slieker 2000: 139; Gowlett-Holmes 2001: 33; Kaas et al. 2006: 262.

Chiton (Acanthopleura) spiniger View in CoL ; von Martens 1894: 92.

Acanthopleura glareosa Carpenter View in CoL MS, E.A. Smith 1884: 81 [nomen nudum]; Haddon 1886: 23; Kaas & Van Belle 1980: 53; 1998: 81; Ferreira 1986: 226; Slieker 2000: 144; Gowlett-Holmes 2001: 33; Kaas et al. 2006: 262.

Acanthopleura picea (-us); Haddon 1886: 3, 24.

Acanthopleura rawakana [sic]; Pilsbry 1894: 91.

Acanthopleura aculeata ; Hedley 1910: 352.

Acanthopleura gemmata View in CoL ; Ashby 1923a: 263; 1931: 49, 53; Hyman 1967: 113; Haas 1972: 13; Coleman 1976: 86; Kaas & Van Belle 1980: 52; 1998: 80; Way & Purchon 1981: 313; Ferreira 1982: 47; 1987: 188; Vermeij et al. 1983: 51; Eernisse 1984: 259; Kaas 1986: 17; Wells & Slack-Smith 1986: 43; Zeidler & Gowlett, 1986: 103; Sakker, 1986: 1; Kamardin 1988: 125; 1989: 58; Bullock 1989: 13; Focardi & Chelazzi 1990: 347; Santini et al. 1991: 759; Sirenko 1993: 96, 99, fig. 7C; Cretchley et al. 1997: 59; Yoshioka 1997: 254, fig. 2; Erhardt & Baensch 1998: 509, un-numbered text figure; Gowlett-Holmes 1998b: 185, fig. 3.1; Yoshioka et al. 1999: 79, fig. 2; Higo et al. 1999: 29; Reyes- Gómez 1999: 123; Lindner 1999: 29; Slieker 2000: 21, 54, 144, pl. 15, fig. 8; Wells, Slack-Smith & Brycer 2000: 33; Wells 2000: 94; Schwabe 2000b: 14; 2001: 27; 2006a: 111; 2006b: 20; Yoshioka & Fujitani 2001: 30; 2003a: 9; 2003b: 19; 2006a: 124, fig. 2; 2006b: 172; 2006c: 277; Saito 2001: 19, pl. 9, fig. 8; Gowlett-Holmes 2001: 33; Brooker & Macey 2001: 205; Wells 2002: 113; Dell’Angelo & Cianfanelli 2003: 27; Coleman 2003: 30, un-numbered text figure; Pauley 2003: Appendix 1; Brooker 2003: 7; 2006: 170; Nishihama et al. 2003: 12; Sasaki et al. 2003: 23; Strack 2003: 14; Dell’Angelo et al. 2004a: 54, pl. 5, figs 1–3; Dinapoli 2004: 56; Gaymer et al. 2004: 149; Wu 2004: 11; Schwabe 2005a: 54, pl. 2, fig. 5; Neubert & Gosteli 2005: 7; Sirenko 2006: 40, fig. 11.33; Vinther 2006: 14, fig. 7B, pl. 13; Kaas et al. 2006: 261, fig. 106; Saito 2006c: 122, fig. 6G; Burghardt et al. 2006: 30, pl. 1, fig. 14; Todt et al. 2008: 72, fig. 4.1.E.

Acanthopleura gemmata queenslandica Ashby 1922b: 30 View in CoL (holotype at SAMA D 12459; type locality: Australia: Queensland: Dunk Island [17°56’S 146°06’E], not seen); Ashby 1928: 172 (holotype selected as neotype of A. gemmatus View in CoL , thus A. gemmata queenslandica View in CoL became an objective synonym of A. gemmata View in CoL ); Iredale & Hull 1926b: 264; 1927: 127; Kaas & Van Belle 1980: 108; 1998: 154; Ferreira 1986: 225; Zeidler & Gowlett 1986: 103; Gowlett-Holmes 2001: 33; Kaas et al. 2006: 262.

Acanthozostera gemmata ; Mackay 1930: 293, 295, 296; Taki 1938: 401; 1955: 53; 1961: 8; Cotton & Weeding 1939: 197; Cotton & Godfrey 1940: 565, fig. 571; Risbec 1946: 130, 173, fig. 22; Joyce 1959: 239, fig. 11b; Kuroda 1960: 1; Cotton 1964: 99; Maxwell 1968: 169; Glynn 1970: 7, 17; S. Y. Smith 1975: 59; Lyman 1975: 68; A.G. Smith & Ferreira 1977: 89; Cernohorsky 1978: 42; Schmidt-Effing 1980: 314; Dell’Angelo 1984: 77; Burghardt & Burghardt 1999: 4, text fig.

Acanthopleura gemmatus maudensis Ashby 1928: 172 View in CoL , pl. 12, figs 8, 9 (holotype at SAMA D 10775; type locality: Australia: Western Australia: Maud’s Landing [23°06’S 113°48’E], not seen); Kaas & Van Belle 1980: 82; 1998: 120; Ferreira 1986: 225; Zeidler & Gowlett 1986: 103; Gowlett-Holmes 2001: 33; Kaas et al. 2006: 262.

Acanthopleura (Acanthozostera) gemmata View in CoL ; Thiele 1929: 21.

Acanthopleura bergenhayni Leloup 1937b: 3 View in CoL (holotype at NHM 19823, type locality: “N. C. Australia ”, not seen); Kaas & Van Belle 1980: 15; 1998: 30; Ferreira 1986: 226, figs 20–21; Slieker 2000: 139; Gowlett-Holmes 2001: 33; Kaas et al. 2006: 262.

Acanthozostera spiniger ; Taki 1961: 8.

Acanthozostera virens Ang 1967: 393 View in CoL , 421, pl. 15, figs 1–5 (holotype at UPM Am-112, no paratypes designated but additional material of unknown quantity from 17 stations in UPM; type locality: Philippines [Of all the specimens the author reported in his description he unfortunately selected one as holotype with no detailed data. The bulk of the mentioned material is from Puerto Galera, Mindoro Island, so it is likeley that the type comes from there, especially as the two preceeding registration numbers, hold material from there], not seen); Ferreira 1986: 226, 227; Kaas & Van Belle 1998: 198; Slieker 2000: 154; Gowlett-Holmes 2001: 33; Kaas et al. 2006: 262.

Acanthopleura virens View in CoL ; Kaas & Van Belle 1980: 141.

Acanthopleura granulata View in CoL ; Leloup 1981a (non Gmelin, 1791): 1; Schwabe 2006a: 111.

Acanthopleura View in CoL ; Purchon & Purchon 1981: 299 (this is the material Way & Purchon 1981 referred to as Acanthopleura gemmata View in CoL ).

Acanthosoostera gemmata [sic]; Cruz & Sotela 1984: 66. Acanthopleura spinifera [sic]; Wingstrand 1985: 64.

Acansozostrea gemmata [sic]; Kwon et al. 2000: 16, fig. 12.

Locus typicus: Australia, Queensland, Dunk Island [17°56’S 146°06’E].

Primary type: Neotype (SAMA D12459), not seen. Ashby (1928: 172, figs 6 & 7) selected the holotype of Acanthopleura gemmata queenslandica Ashby, 1922 as neotype of A. gemmatus .

Fiji records: Chiton macgillivrayi A. Adams 1855: 120 .

Acanthopleura macgillivrayi View in CoL ; Haddon, 1886: 23.

Acanthopleura (Acanthopleura) spiniger ; Pilsbry 1893: 221, pl. 48.

Acanthopleura spinigera ; Bergenhayn 1930a: 39, pl. 3, figs 55–61, 70–74; Leloup 1933: 23.

Acanthozostera gemmata ; Cernohorsky 1978: 42; Morton & Raj 1981: 6, 19, 84, 108, pls I.3, I.7, IV.8, IV.18.

Acanthopleura gemmata View in CoL ; Ferreira 1986: 228; 1987: 188.

Material examined: USP Mol 4970: 1 juvenile spm, Viti Levu, Coral coast, opposite the Vilisites restaurant, Votua Village [18°13'S 177°43'E], leg. V. Bonito & Lisa Kirkendale, 16 October 2001, wet. USP Mol 2113 (BC5-72A): 1 subadult spm, South shore of Yabu Island, Great Astrolabe Lagoon (18°50'08''S 178°30'08''E), on boulder exposed at low tide, leg. M. Gravel & B. Carlson, 0 1 April 1972, wet; USP Mol 2680 (FR1 [Bv] Ref 37-47]): 1 subadult, 1 adult spm, Viti Levu, Toberua Island, Mbau Waters, reef to the north of the Island [17°57'S 178°42'E], mid-littoral, leg. Peter Beveridge & Schivrer, 21 August 1968, wet. ZSM Mol 20061614: 2 adult spms, Viti Levu, Laucala Bay, west side of Nukumbutho Island 18°10.474'S 178°28.343'E; lowest low tide at about 10–11:00, at the top of a limestone near the inner edge of the fringing reef, air exposed, in small crevices, seaward, leg. Enrico Schwabe, 21 August 2006, wet; ZISP: 2 adult spms, Suva, reef, intertidal rocks, leg. S.

Vassilenko, 0 5 September 1971, wet; ZISP: 4 adult spms, Tuvutha Id. [17°40'S 178°48'W] Callisto St. 23c, intertidal rocks, leg. Boris Sirenko, 0 7 February 1975, wet; ZISP: 1 adult spm, Vekai Island [17°34'S 178°49'W], Callisto St. 24c, leg. Boris Sirenko, 0 8 February 1975, wet.

Additionally specimens from the following points were photo documented ( ZSM): Fiji, Viti Levu, Laucala Bay, north side of Makuluva Island 18°11.250'S 178°30.992'E, about 10 specimens were sitting in crevices on top of limestones, air exposed, 26 August 2006 (E. Schwabe); Fiji, Vanua Levu, Somosomo Strait, limestone in the intertidal zone, 21 January 2007 (Achim Nimmerfroh).

Habitat: Morton & Raj (1981) gave an excellent description of the habitat preferences of A. gemmata . The species inhabits the upper surface of limestone rocks of the Barrier reef, where they may be found exposed during the low tide sitting in crevices and sea urchin depressions.

Distribution: Kaas et al. (2006: 264) listed a wide distribution for this species, showing occurrences from the Andaman Sea in the East to Tonga and the Marquesas Islands. It is also known from Northern and Southwestern Australia to the northern Philippines. Kaas et al. (2006) also mentioned the reappearance of this species in some regions of East Africa, but in our opinion these records need a critical reevaluation. Additionally the records of the species from Japan ( Saito 2001: 19) and from the Samoan Islands (Schwabe 2001: 27) are noteworthy, the first record likely revealing the northern range limit and the latter showing continuity between the Marquesas and the other localities, a connection previously doubted as Ferreira (1986: 230) argued this species does not occur in Samoa.

Remarks: According to Morton & Raj (1981) this species is also found along the boulder fields along the coast, but in the immediate vicinity of the USP the species can no longer be found due to the activities of local fishers (see also Ferreira 1987, p. 188), who eat the species ("tadruku" as the natives call them, are cooked in salt water, with the valves, perinotum elements and innards removed and the foot and remaining perinotum parts cut into small pieces,). As the only chiton species with commercial value in Fiji, the local populations should be monitored so that the species does not go extinct.

USP

University of the South Pacific

ZSM

Bavarian State Collection of Zoology

ZISP

Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Mollusca

Class

Polyplacophora

Order

Chitonida

Family

Chitonidae

Genus

Acanthopleura

Loc

Acanthopleura gemmata

Schwabe, Enrico, Sirenko, Boris I. & Seeto, Johnson 2008
2008
Loc

Acanthopleura granulata

Schwabe 2006: 111
2006
Loc

Acansozostrea gemmata

Kwon 2000: 16
2000
Loc

Acanthopleura gemmata

Ferreira 1986: 228
1986
Loc

Acanthosoostera gemmata

Wingstrand 1985: 64
Cruz 1984: 66
1984
Loc

Acanthopleura

Purchon 1981: 299
1981
Loc

Chiton magnificus

Kaas 2006: 261
Ferreira 1986: 231
Kaas 1980: 80
1980
Loc

Acanthopleura virens

Kaas 1980: 141
1980
Loc

Acanthozostera gemmata

Morton 1981: 6
Cernohorsky 1978: 42
1978
Loc

Acanthozostera virens

Kaas 2006: 262
Gowlett-Holmes 2001: 33
Slieker 2000: 154
Kaas 1998: 198
Ferreira 1986: 226
Ang 1967: 393
1967
Loc

Acanthozostera spiniger

Taki 1961: 8
1961
Loc

Acanthopleura bergenhayni

Kaas 2006: 262
Gowlett-Holmes 2001: 33
Slieker 2000: 139
Ferreira 1986: 226
Kaas 1980: 15
Leloup 1937: 3
1937
Loc

Acanthozostera gemmata

Burghardt 1999: 4
Schmidt-Effing 1980: 314
Cernohorsky 1978: 42
Smith 1977: 89
Smith 1975: 59
Glynn 1970: 7
Maxwell 1968: 169
Cotton 1964: 99
Kuroda 1960: 1
Joyce 1959: 239
Risbec 1946: 130
Cotton 1940: 565
Cotton 1939: 197
Taki 1938: 401
Mackay 1930: 293
1930
Loc

Acanthopleura spinigera

Leloup 1933: 23
Bergenhayn 1930: 39
1930
Loc

Acanthopleura (Acanthozostera) gemmata

Thiele 1929: 21
1929
Loc

Acanthopleura gemmatus maudensis

Kaas 2006: 262
Gowlett-Holmes 2001: 33
Ferreira 1986: 225
Zeidler 1986: 103
Kaas 1980: 82
Ashby 1928: 172
1928
Loc

Acanthopleura gemmata

Todt 2008: 72
Sirenko 2006: 40
Vinther 2006: 14
Kaas 2006: 261
Saito 2006: 122
Burghardt 2006: 30
Schwabe 2005: 54
Neubert 2005: 7
Dinapoli 2004: 56
Gaymer 2004: 149
Wu 2004: 11
Cianfanelli 2003: 27
Coleman 2003: 30
Brooker 2003: 7
Nishihama 2003: 12
Strack 2003: 14
Wells 2002: 113
Yoshioka 2001: 30
Saito 2001: 19
Gowlett-Holmes 2001: 33
Brooker 2001: 205
Slieker 2000: 21
Schwabe 2000: 14
Yoshioka 1999: 79
Higo 1999: 29
Gomez 1999: 123
Lindner 1999: 29
Erhardt 1998: 509
Gowlett-Holmes 1998: 185
Cretchley 1997: 59
Yoshioka 1997: 254
Sirenko 1993: 96
Santini 1991: 759
Focardi 1990: 347
Bullock 1989: 13
Kamardin 1988: 125
Kaas 1986: 17
Wells 1986: 43
Zeidler 1986: 103
Sakker 1986: 1
Eernisse 1984: 259
Vermeij 1983: 51
Way 1981: 313
Kaas 1980: 52
Coleman 1976: 86
Haas 1972: 13
Hyman 1967: 113
Ashby 1923: 263
1923
Loc

Chiton gemmatus

Kaas 2006: 261
Dinapoli 2004: 55
Hoare 2002: 98
Fischer 1957: 13
Iredale 1927: 126
Lamy 1923: 264
Ashby 1922: 580
1922
Loc

Acanthopleura gemmata queenslandica

Kaas 2006: 262
Gowlett-Holmes 2001: 33
Ferreira 1986: 225
Zeidler 1986: 103
Kaas 1980: 108
Ashby 1928: 172
Iredale 1926: 264
Ashby 1922: 30
1922
Loc

Acanthopleura aculeata

Hedley 1910: 352
1910
Loc

Acanthopleura spiniger

Schwabe 2006: 111
Vinther 2006: 22
Treves 2003: 1103
Subba 2003: 55
Subba 2000: 5
Holmes 1998: 186
Hulings 1991: 16
Sirenko 1990: 49
Wingstrand 1985: 62
Rajagopal 1974: 407
Lowenstam 1967: 1373
Hyman 1967: 139
Fischer-Piette 1960: 1710
Fischer 1957: 23
Taki 1938: 401
Leloup 1937: 147
Lamy 1923: 264
Ashby 1922: 580
Boettger 1916: 287
Simroth 1894: 106
1894
Loc

Chiton (Acanthopleura) spiniger

Martens 1894: 92
1894
Loc

Acanthopleura picea

Haddon 1886: 3
1886
Loc

Acanthopleura macgillivrayi

Haddon 1886: 23
1886
Loc

Acanthopleura glareosa

Kaas 2006: 262
Gowlett-Holmes 2001: 33
Slieker 2000: 144
Ferreira 1986: 226
Kaas 1980: 53
Haddon 1886: 23
Smith 1884: 81
1884
Loc

Acanthopleura rawakiana

Schwabe 2006: 111
Kaas 2006: 261
Gowlett-Holmes 2001: 33
Slieker 2000: 151
Ferreira 1986: 226
Kaas 1980: 109
Haddon 1886: 30
Rochebrune 1882: 195
1882
Loc

Acanthopleura balansae

Kaas 2006: 262
Gowlett-Holmes 2001: 33
Slieker 2000: 139
Ferreira 1986: 226
Zeidler 1986: 112
Kaas 1980: 14
Thiele 1909: 8
Haddon 1886: 30
Rochebrune 1882: 197
1882
Loc

Chiton piceus

Kaas 2006: 261
Neubert 2005: 7
Ferreira 1986: 233
Kaas 1980: 100
Cox 1893: 425
Haddon 1886: 23
Smith 1884: 81
Brazier 1877: 74
1877
Loc

Chiton macgillivrayi

Kaas 2006: 261
Gowlett-Holmes 2001: 33
Slieker 2000: 147
Ferreira 1986: 226
Kaas 1980: 79
Haddon 1886: 23
Smith 1884: 81
Adams 1855: 120
1855
Loc

Chiton (Acanthopleura) obesus

Kaas 2006: 261
Slieker 2000: 149
Ferreira 1986: 233
Kaas 1980: 91
Haddon 1886: 23
Smith 1884: 81
Shuttleworth 1853: 191
1853
Loc

Acanthopleura magnifica

Gray 1847: 68
1847
Loc

Chiton spiniger

Kaas 2006: 261
Strack 2003: 14
Gowlett-Holmes 2001: 33
Slieker 2000: 152
Ferreira 1986: 225
Kaas 1980: 122
Lamy 1938: 88
Taki 1938: 401
Clessin 1903: 81
Fischer 1887: 881
Moseley 1885: 38
Bemmelen 1883: 362
Dunker 1882: 158
Lischke 1873: 23
Hanley 1855: 14
Sowerby 1840: 287
1840
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