LEPTOPODOMORPHA

Polhemus, John T. & Polhemus, Dan A., 2012, Guide To The Aquatic Heteroptera Of Singapore And Peninsular Malaysia. Viii. Leptopodomorpha, Families Saldidae, Leptopodidae, And Omaniidae, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60 (2), pp. 329-341 : 330-331

KEY TO FAMILIES AND GENERA OF LEPTOPODOMORPHA

OCCURRING IN SINGAPORE AND MALAYSIA

1. Tiny species, with body less than 2 mm long; forewings coleopteroid, hardened; eyes very large, reaching to about onethird length of pronotum ( Fig. 9 ); marine in habit, occurring among intertidal rocks at low tide. (Family Omaniidae ) ............................................................................. Corallocoris

– Larger species than above, with body more than 2.2 mm long; forewings never coleopteroid or completely hardened, with some portion of the wing membrane always present ( Figs. 3 , 8 , 10 , 11 , 15 , 17 , 19 , 20); eyes smaller, reaching only to pronotal collar or slightly beyond; occurring in a variety of marine, littoral, or terrestrial habitats .................................................................. 2

2. Antennae as long as or longer than body ( Figs. 3 , 8 ); rostrum short, reaching at most to apex of fore-coxae, often only to base of fore-coxae; lithophilic in habit, occurring on large riparian boulders or bedrock faces, or in association with caves. (Family

– Antennae shorter than body ( Figs. 10 , 11 , 15 , 17 , 19 , 20); rostrum long, tapering, reaching base of hind coxae or beyond; littoral or intertidal in habit, occurring along margins of ponds and streams, or on rocky seacoasts. (Family Saldidae ) ........ 4

3. Eyes dorsally chitinous, opaque and non-functional ( Fig. 8 ) ............................................................................. Leotichius

– Eyes dorsally normal, enlarged ( Fig. 3 ), set with ommatidia, functional ................................................................. Valleriola

4. Hemelytral membrane with five closed cells ( Fig. 11 ); halophilic species occurring on sea beaches or along the margins of saline estuaries. (Subfamily Chiloxanthinae ) ................... Pentacora

– Hemelytral membrane with four closed cells ( Figs. 10 , 16 , 17 , 19 , 20); ecological preferences diverse. (Subfamily Saldinae ) ................................................................................................ 5

5. Pronotum short, quadrate ( Fig. 10 ); intertidal species occurring along rocky sea coasts (Tribe Saldunculini ) ......... Salduncula

– Pronotum longer, tapering anteriorly; littoral species occurring along the margins of both freshwater and saline ecosystems ( Figs. 15 , 17 , 19 , 20). (Tribe Saldoidini ) .............................. 6

6. Pronotum strongly narrowed anteriorly ( Fig. 15 ), with a pair of large, pointed dorsal projections ( Fig. 16 ) .......... Saldoida

– Pronotum not strongly narrowed anteriorly, without a pair of dorsal long dorsal projections ( Figs. 17 , 19 , 20) .................. 7

7. Hemelytra without a secondary hypocostal ridge ( Fig. 14 ) .... ................................................................................. Rupisalda

– Hemelytra with a secondary hypocostal ridge ( Fig. 12 ) ...... 8

8. Corial veins reduced, with only the radius and unforked medial veins visible ....................................................... Micracanthia

– Corial veins fully developed, extending entire length of corium, medial vein clearly forked ( Figs. 19 , 20) .................. Saldula

Figures

Figs. 9, 10. Intertidal Leptopodomorpha, dorsal habitus: 9, Corallocoris marksae, specimen from Singapore, Sentosa Island, CL 2216; 10, Salduncula murphyi, specimen from Singapore, Labrador Park, CL 2055.

Fig. 3. Valleriola javanica, male, specimen from Malaysia, Perak, Kerunai River nr. Grik, CL 2078.

Fig. 8. Leotichius shiva, dorsal habitus. Specimen from Indonesia, Bali, Pura Kehen temple, CL 2169.

Fig. 11. Pentacora malayensis, dorsal habitus. Specimen from Malaysia, Kelantan, E. of Kota Bharu, CL 2083.

Fig. 15. Saldoida armata, dorsal habitus.Specimen from Singapore, Chu Kang mangrove forest.

Fig. 17. Rupisalda thailandana, dorsal habitus. Specimen from Malaysia, Kelantan, Pergau River, CL 2082.

Fig. 19. Saldula niveolimbata, dorsal habitus. Specimen from Samoa, Upolu, CL 1508.

Fig. 16. Saldoida armata, lateral view of head and thorax (after Drake, 1961).

Figs. 12–14. Hypocostal ridge structures of saldid genera: 12, Saldula; 13, Pentacora; 14, Rupisalda (all after J. Polhemus, 1985).