Brachystethus geniculatus (Fabricius, 1787)

Barcellos, Aline & Grazia, Jocélia, 2003, Revision Of Brachystethus (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Edessinae), Iheringia, Série Zoologia 93 (4), pp. 413-446 : 432-436

Brachystethus geniculatus (Fabricius, 1787)

( Figs. 1 , 10 , 20, 30 , 40 , 50 , 61 , 70 )

Cimex geniculatus FABRICIUS, 1787 :293; 1794:115; GMELIN, 1793:2151.

Edessa geniculata ; FABRICIUS, 1803:153.

Edessa (Brachystethus) marginatus LAPORTE, 1832:63, pl.54, fig.8.

Edessa (Brachystethus) marginata ; BURMEISTER, 1835:356 (syn.).

Edessa circumscripta BURMEISTER, 1835:356 .

Brachystethus marginatus ; SPINOLA, 1837:343; AMYOT & SERVILLE, 1843:161; HERRICH- SCHÄFFER, 1845:2 (syn.); DALLAS, 1851:336; SIGNORET, 1851:344; HERRICH- SCHÄFFER, 1853:310; STÅL, 1860:28; 1872:48 (syn.); WALKER, 1868:455.

Brachystethus circumscriptus ; AMYOT & SERVILLE, 1843:161 (syn.); HERRICH- SCHÄFFER, 1845:2, fig. 789; DALLAS, 1851:336; MAYR, 1866:68; WALKER, 1868:455; STÅL, 1872:48 (syn.).

Brachystethus geniculatus ; MAYR, 1866:68; STÅL, 1868:38 (redescription); 1872:48; BERG, 1892:11; LETHIERRY & SEVERIN, 1893:187 (cat.); KIRKALDY, 1909:152 (cat.); PENNINGTON, 1920:10 (distr.); RUFINELLI & PIRÁN, 1959:12 (distr.); BUCKUP, 1961:9; SILVA et al., 1968:54 (host plant); GRAZIA- VIEIRA & CASINI, 1973:58 (distr.); GRAZIA, 1977:164-165; FROESCHNER, 1981:69 (cat.); LINK & GRAZIA, 1987:118 (distr.).

Type material. Holotype, labeled: geniculatus ( ZMUC). This specimen, sent as one among three syntypes of C. geniculatus , is the only one whose characters fit with the original description, thus it is here designated as holotype. The second specimen fits the description of Cimex cribrum , asformerly commented, and the thirdfits the diagnostic characters of B. coxalis Breddin. Type locality: “Cajennae”. Most of the specimens studied were collected in eastern and southern Brazil, with Bahia State as its northern limit. Literaturealso indicates the occurrenceof B. geniculatus in Uruguay. As at Fabricius time the label data were quite vague, and Caiene was indeed a site of departure and arrival of the expeditions, we consider that Caiene does not actually correspond to the collecting locality of the specimen.

Description. Dorsal surface castaneous to dark-castaneous ( fig. 10). Head castaneous to dark-castaneous, with little conspicuous wrinkles. Punctures on medial region and semi-circular stripes densely distributed. Remainder of jugae moderately to sparsely punctured, depending on the specimen. Jugae with yellow stripe on outer lateral margins, evanescent anterad. Antennae reddish-castaneous; second antennal segment one and a half longer than first; third slightly longer than second; fourth one and a half longer than third and 3/4 of the length of fifth, the longest. Fourth antennal segment cylindrical. Pronotum castaneous to dark-castaneous, with yellowish stripe on anterolateral margins, and less conspicuous on theanterior margin. Punctures fine, darkcastaneous to black, regularly distributed, except on cicatrices. Among these punctures, present larger ones, black, more concentrated before cicatrices and behind them, where they achieve theirmaximum size. Scutellumwith colorsimilar to therest of dorsal surface, with coarserpunctures on anterior half ( fig. 1). Remaining punctures fine, homogeneously and densely distributed. Corium castaneous, with a yellowish callus, internally and near to apex of radial vein. Legs uniformly reddish-castaneous. Ventral surface of thorax castaneous, punctured with dark-castaneous. Ostiolar rugae extending by about 2/3 of distance betweeninner margin of ostiolum and lateral margin of metapleura. Metasternal flat in profile. Connexivum castaneous, lateral outer 1/6 of each segment with subcaloused yellowish stripe. Entad to this border, punctures fine, densely and homogeneously distributed. Venter castaneous, bordered with a thin subcaloused, yellowish stripe. Medium-sized, concolor punctures densely distributed, except on a narrow medial stripe. Spiracles yellowish-castaneous, bordered with black.

Male genitalia. Pygophore subquadrangular, slightly wider at apex. Lobesof dorsal rim conspicuous, moderately projected posterad, sub-acute at apex. Genital cup processes little visible in dorsal view ( figs. 20, 30). Parameres with acute apex, turned anterad ( fig. 50). Ventralrimopenly V-like ( fig. 40).

Measurements (n=10). Headlength 1.95 (1.76-2.12) ± 0.13, width 2.93 (2.72-3.16) ± 0.16; interoculardistance 1.61 (1.52-1.72) ± 0.07; anteocularlength 0.67 (0.56-0.80) ± 0.07; lengthof antennalsegments: I - 0.82 (0.76-0.88) ± 0.04; II - 1.33 (1.04-1.68) ± 0.22; III - 1.60 (1.36-1.84) ± 0.16; IV - 2.57 (2.32-3.04) ± 0.26; V - 3.28 (2.88-3.92) ± 0.37; pronotallength 4.08 (3.67-4.68) ± 0.37, width 9.82 (8.68-11.02) ± 0.81; scutellarlength 6.66 (6.01-7.52) ± 0.57, width 6.30 (5.68-7.01) ± 0.49; coriumlength 8.85 (8.18-9.69) ± 0.52; abdominalwidth 10.77 (9.52-12.02) ± 0.83; totallength 14.89 (13.36-16.37) ± 0.99.

Female genitalia. Gonocoxites 8 rounded to sub-quadrangular. Sutural borders of gonocoxites 8 parallel and posterior borders bissinuated, in almost right angle over laterotergites 9 ( fig. 61). Gonocoxites 9 more than threetimeswider across apexof armsthan long medially; anteriorborderopenly U-like, armslengthequal to 1/4 of platewidth. Thickening of vaginal intima digitiform. Ductus receptaculi thin after vesicular area and slightly shorter than before to this area. Capsula seminalis globose. Annular crests convergent ( fig. 70).

Measurements (n=10). Headlength 2.08 (1.92-2.24) ± 0.10, width 3.07 (2.84-3.40) ± 0.17; interoculardistance 1.72 (1.60-1.88)± 0.09; anteocularlength 0.70 (0.60-0.80) ± 0.07; lengthof antennalsegments: I- 0.90 (0.80-0.96) ±0.05; II - 1.40 (1.20-1.84) ± 0.20; III - 1.70 (1.44-2.08) ± 0.20; IV - 2.73 (2.36-3.36) ± 0.33; V - 3.38 (2.96-4.08) ± 0.43; pronotallength 4.43 (4.01-5.18) ± 0.37, width 10.48 (9.52-12.02) ± 0.86; scutellarlength 7.41 (6.85-8.68) ± 0.61, width 6.79 (6.35-7.77) ± 0.49; coriumlength 9.74 (8.85-11.36) ± 0.80; abdominalwidth 11.85 (10.69-13.28) ± 0.86; totallength 16.34 (15.11-18.54) ± 0.99.

Material examined. BRAZIL,, Pres. by Perth Museum ( BMNH 1953-629 ) ;, Blackmore col., 74, Pres. by Perth Museum ( BMNH 1953-629 ) ; Chapada ,, acc. 23739 ( AMNH) ;, XII, acc. 23739 ( AMNH) ; Bahia: Ilhéus, 3,, III.2000, C.A.L. Guimarães (in Attalea funifera) ( UFRG) ; Minas Gerais: Poços de Caldas ( Morro São Domingos ),,, 19.XII.1967, 29.II.1968, J. Becker, O. Roppa & O. Leoncini ( MNRJ) ; Barbacena ,, H. Ebert ( AMNH) ; Goiás: Pirineus ,, 2.II.1962, J. & B. Bechyné ( MPEG) ; Espírito Santo: Linhares ,,, I.1962, Claudionor Elias ( DZUP) ; Santa Tereza ,, 24-31.IV.1967, C. & C.T. Elias ( DZUP) ;, 18-23.XII, C. Elias ( DZUP) ; B. Guandu ,, 17.V.1970, C. & C.T. Elias ( DZUP) ; Riode Janeiro:, IX, 23734 ( AMNH) ; Riode Janeiro (Corcovado), 3, IX, X.1961, Seabra & Alvarenga ( DZUP) ;, 15.IX.1961, J.S. Moure, Alvarenga & Seabra ( DZUP) ; (Estr. Gávea),, 10.VII.1942, Pero M. Oliv. ( UFRG) ; (Botafogo),, XI.1942, Pero M. Oliv. ( UFRG) ; ( Alto da Boa Vista ),, X.1943, R. Más ( UFRG) ; ( Tijuca ),, 13.IV.1943, R. Braga ( UFRG) ; Itatiaia (816m),, 1.I.1933, N.B. Fagundes ( UFRG) ; São Paulo:, 20.III.71 ( DZUP) ; , 4.VIII.1974, C. Bordin ( UFRG) ; Barueri , 6, 5, 02, 20.VII, 12.VIII, 12.XI.1954, 18.VII, 6.XII.1955, K. Lenko ( MNRJ) ; Angatuba ,, XII.1922, Azevedo Marques, Inst. Biologia Entomologia Agrícola Riode Janeiro 3.492 ( UFRG) ; Paraná: Xaxim ,, 1941, A. Souza ( MNCE 13013 ) ; Imbaú ,, IX.1942; ( MNCE) ; Pinhão ( Rio Iguaçu , próximo à Usina Hidrelétrica de Segredo), 2,, VII.1992, G. Skuk ( MNCE) ; Alexandra ,, 10.X.1970, Moure & Mielke ( DZUP) ; Ponta Grossa ,, 3, XI.1945, 22.II, 23.IV.1946 ( MNCE) ; (pedreira),, XII.1943 ( DZUP) ; Piraquara ,, 14.IV.1983, N. Gonçalves ( MNCE) ; (mananciais da serra, (± 800m alt.),, S.L. Bonatto ( UFRG) ; Curitiba ,, IX.1945 ( MNCE) ;, 16.II.1966, C. Ext. DZUFP ( DZUP) ; (Fonte Ahú),, XII.1936, Claretiano ( MNCE) ; Praia do Leste ,, 26.V.1979, I.W. Forno ( DZUP) ; Santa Catarina:, I.1946, A. Maller, Frank Johnson Donor ;,, XI.1953, 2.VIII.1954, A. Maller ( MNRJ) ; Nova Teutônia (27 o 11’N 52 o 23’L, 300- 500m),, II.1981, Fritz Plaumann ( DZUP) ; Corupá ( Hansa Humbolt ),, II.1948, A. Maller col., Frank Johnson Donor ( AMNH) ; Florianópolis ( Canasvieiras ),,, I.1946, C. Goffergé ( MNCE 10258 , 10257 ) ; Rio Grande do Sul:,, 6.XII.1973, R. Wagner Hanisch & A. Ruszczyk ( UFRG) ;, 17.XII.1973, E. Heinrichs ( UFRG) ;, 19.III.1974, R.A. Ilana ( UFRG) ; Derrubadas ( Parque Florestal Estadual do Turvo ), 3, 3, 3.IX.1982, 21-25.V.1984, S.L. Bonatto ( UFRG) ; Porto Alegre ,, V.1955, O.P.H. (em Ayrax l eprosum C. de vaca) ( UFRG) ; ( Morro Santana ), 3, 10, 13.VIII. 1982, S. Bonatto (em quiescência) ( UFRG) ;, 4, 15.IX.1983, M. Becker (em quiescência em bromeliáceas) ( UFRG) ; ( Reserva do Lami ),, 12.II.1992, A.B.P. Santos ( UFRG) ; ( Petrópolis ),, 13.XII.1982, G. Bond, L. Buckup ( UFRG 271 ) ; (Vila Manresa),, 16.II.1965, Pe. Buck ( UFRG 6306 ) ; ( Belém Novo ),, 2, 17.IV.1955, M.R. Oliveira ( UFRG) ;, 11.IV.1981, R.P. Mocellin ( UFRG) ; Santa Maria ,, 10.IV.1981, A. Stringhini ( UFRG) ; São Sepé ,, 17.V.1981, C.R. Kelling ( UFRG) ;, 27.IV.1989, Link & Costa ( UFRG) ; Guaíba ( E.E. Guaíba ),, 15.IV.1974, E. Heinrichs ( UFRG) ; Viamão ,, 18.IX.1993, L.A. Campos ( UFRG) ; Pelotas ,, 10.II.1941 ( UFRG) ;, 14.IV.1961, C.M. Biezanko ( BMNH) ; 2,, 16.XII.1961, 05.IV.1963, 7.IV.1966, C.M. Biezanko ( BMNH 1965-175 , 1963- 375 , 1966-318 ); 2, 14.V.1967, C.M. Biezanko ( AMNH) ; 2, 2, 14.V.1967, J. L. Mantovani & Biezanko ( BMNH 1967-265 ) . BOLIVIA, Santa Cruz: San Francisco ,, 1895, A. Borelli ( MRSN) . PARAGUAY, Itapúa: Hohenau ,, III.1955, J.L. Stehlik ( BMNH 1966-601 ) . ARGENTINA, Buenos Aires: Buenos Aires ,, Hoefel, Coll. J. Stehlik ( BMNH 1964-449 ) ;, II.1953, Hoefel, Coll. J. Stehlik ( BMNH 1966-601 ) . No data: 2 ( AMNH, UFRG) ;, P.R. Uhle col. ( AMNH) .

Distribution. Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais, Goiás, Espírito Santo, Riode Janeiro, São Paulo to Rio Grande do Sul), Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Paraguay (Itapúa), Argentina (Buenos Aires).

Comments. Brachystethus geniculatus is the sister group of the clade formed by B. coxalis , B. improvisus and B. vicinus , sharing with them the yellowish border of pronotum and the callus on corium ( BARCELLOS & GRAZIA, 2003). Brachystethus geniculatus is very similar to B. coxalis , by the parameres, with acute apices, and by the metasternal carina, flat in profile, contrasting with the carina strongly elevated of the other two species. Brachystethus geniculatus is differenciated from B. coxalis , B. improvisus and B. vicinus by the uniform color pattern of legs.

Figures

Fig. 1. Brachystethus geniculatus (Fabricius, 1787).

Figs. 2-13. 2, 3, Brachystethus rubromaculatus Dallas, 1851; 4, 5, B. signoreti Stål; 1872; 6, B. cribrus (Fabricius, 1781); 7, B. schuhi sp. nov.; 8, B. tricolor Bolívar, 1879; 9, B. vexillum Breddin, 1903; 10, B. geniculatus (Fabricius, 1787); 11, B. coxalis Breddin, 1904; 12, B. improvisus Breddin, 1905; 13, B. vicinus Signoret, 1851. Magnification 1.63X.

Figs. 30-33. Pygophore, caudal (tenth segment omitted): 30, Brachystethus geniculatus; 31, B. coxalis; 32, B. improvisus; 33, B. vicinus (dor, dorsal rim; pa, paramere; vr, ventral rim). Scale, 1mm.

Figs. 34-43. Pygophore, ventral rim, ventral: 34, Brachystethus rubromaculatus; 35, B. signoreti; 36, B. cribrus; 37, B. schuhi; 38, B. tricolor; 39, B. vexillum; 40, B. geniculatus; 41, B. coxalis; 42, B. improvisus; 43, B. vicinus. Scale, 1 mm.

Figs. 44-52. Left paramere, posteroventral: 44, Brachystethus rubromaculatus; 45, B. signoreti; 46, B. cribrus; 47, B. schuhi; 48, B. tricolor; 49, B. vexillum; 50, B. geniculatus; 51, B. improvisus; 52, B. vicinus. Scale, 0.5 mm.

Figs. 61-64. Genital plates, ventral: 61, Brachystethus geniculatus; 62, B. coxalis; 63, B. improvisus; 64, B. vicinus (gc8, gonocoxite 8; gc9, gonocoxites 9; la8, laterotergite 8; la9, laterotergite 9; VII, seventh segment; X, tenth segment). Scale, 1 mm.

Figs. 69-72. Laterotergites, gonocoxites and gonapophyses of ninth segment, and ectodermical genital ducts, ventral: 69, Brachystethus vexillum; 70, B. geniculatus; 71, B. improvisus; 72, B. vicinus (aac, anterior annular crest; ch, chitinellipsen; cs, capsula seminalis; dr, ductus receptaculi; g9, gonapophyses 9; gc9, gonocoxites 9; la9, laterotergites 9; mt, medial thickening of gonapophyses 9; or, orificium receptaculi; pac, posterior annular crest; pco, pars comunis; pi, pars intermedialis; tvi, thickening of vaginal intima; X, tenth segment). Scale, 1 mm.