Ctenoplectrella viridiceps Cockerell, 1909a: 314

ENGEL, MICHAEL S., 2001, A Monograph Of The Baltic Amber Bees And Evolution Of The Apoidea (Hymenoptera), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2001 (259), pp. 1-1 : 1-

Ctenoplectrella viridiceps Cockerell, 1909a: 314 .

Ctenoplectrella dentata Salt, 1931: 139 . NEW SYN­ ONYMY.

Ctenoplectrella splendens Kelner­Pillault, 1970 a: 13. NEW SYNONYMY.

DIAGNOSIS: This species is distinguished by the gently concave mediapical margin of the clypeus (fig. 40) and weakly arcuate 2rsm (fig. 41).

DESCRIPTION: Female. Total body length 5.85 mm; forewing length 3.06 mm. Head slightly wider than long (length 1.53 mm, width 1.88 mm). Upper interorbital distance 1.16 mm; lower interorbital distance 1.00 mm. Interocellar distance 0.44 mm; ocellocular distance 0.33 mm; median ocellus to lateral ocellus 0.16 mm. Median and parapsidal lines moderately impressed, parapsidal lines elongate (not punctiform). Intertegular distance 1.31 mm. Basal vein confluent with cu­a; second abscissa Rs basad 1m­cu by 6.5 times vein width; 2rs­m distad 2m­cu by two times vein width, 2rs­m relatively straight, arching only toward its apex before meeting vein M; second submarginal cell slightly longer than first submarginal cell; six distal hamuli arranged in a single, evenly spaced series.

Outer surface of mandible with minute punctures separated by a puncture width or less, integument between smooth. Clypeus with faint, coarse punctures separated by a puncture width or less, integument between smooth. Supraclypeal area and face with punctures more well­defined than those of clypeus and separated by 1–2 times puncture width, integument between smooth. Vertex and gena with sculpturing as on face although punctures slightly more closely spaced, separated by about a puncture width, integument between smooth. Mesoscutum with small punctures separated by a puncture width or slightly less, integument between smooth. Tegula with minute punctures separated by 1–2 times a puncture width, integument between smooth. Scutellum sculptured as on mesoscutum. Metanotum impunctate and smooth. Preëpisternal area (i.e., anteriorfacing surface anterior to omaulus) essentially impunctate and smooth except for a few, exceedingly faint, widely spaced, coarse punctures. Mesepisternum with coarse, slightly faint punctures separated by 1–2 times a puncture width, integument between smooth, punctures becoming somewhat fainter ventrally and posteriorly. Metepisternum impunctate and smooth. Propodeum (basal, lateral, and posterior surfaces) finely imbricate. Terga with minute, faint punctures separated by 1–3 times a puncture width, integument between finely imbricate; sterna imbricate.

Coloration dark brown without maculations. Wing membrane hyaline except between C and Sc+R slightly fuscous in some specimens; veins strong and dark brown.

Mandible with minute, simple, appressed setae. Clypeus with minute, appressed, simple setae not obscuring integument; similar setae also on face below level of antennal sockets, intermixed with scattered, longer, erect setae on face, clypeus, supraclypeal area, gena, and postgena. Mesoscutum and scutellum with scattered, short, simple setae except those of scutellum slightly longer. Pleural pubescence as described for mesoscutum. Basal area of propodeum without pubescence; lateral and posterior surfaces with pubescence as described for mesoscutum. Pubescence of legs generally simple and short; inner surface of metafemur without pubescence, outer, anterior, and posterior surfaces with short, branched setae; metatibia with scattered, simple, moderate­length setae, a few with minute branches. Central discs of metasomal terga with sparse, minute, simple, appressed setae, setae longer and erect to suberect on lateral borders; sternal scopa composed of dense, long, erect, simple setae.

Male. As described for the female except as indicated: Total body length 6.93 mm; forewing length 4.00 mm. Head slightly wid­ er than long (length 1.70 mm, width 1.86 mm). Upper interorbital distance 1.10 mm; lower interorbital distance 1.00 mm. Interocellar distance 0.40 mm; ocellocular distance 0.31 mm; median ocellus to lateral ocellus 0.17 mm. Intertegular distance 1.45 mm. Flagellum elongate, reaching to posterior margin of mesoscutum; F1 longer than F2; F2 equal in length to F3. T6 deeply bifid at apex and slightly protuberant. Metasomal scopa absent.

MATERIAL: Ten specimens. Neotype ( viridiceps ; here designated). Female, B­JH 95 ( AMNH) labeled: ‘‘Baltic amber: Eocene, Kaliningrad, Yantarny’’ // ‘‘ Neotype, Ctenoplectrella viridiceps Cockerell , desig. M. S. Engel’’.

Neotype ( dentata ; here designated). Male, NB. I.1949 ( ZMHB) labeled: ‘‘ Neotype, Ctenoplectrella dentata Salt , desig. M. S. Engel’’. This is the same as specimen as the holotype for C. splendens and therefore the remaining labels of the specimen are given below under C. splendens .

Holotype ( splendens ). Male, NB. I.1949 ( ZMHB) labeled: ‘‘49’’ // ‘‘ Ctenoplectrella splendens , Holotype, S. Kelner­Pillault det.’’ // ‘‘Holotyp [sic], Paläontologisches Museum Berlin, Ctenoplectrella splendens Kelner­Pillault, 1970 , Baltischer Bernstein’’ // ‘‘ Holotype, Ctenoplectrella splendens Kelner­Pillault’’.

Non­type. Female, B­JH 93 ( AMNH) labeled: ‘‘Baltic amber: Eocene, Kaliningrad, Yantarny’’ // ‘‘ Ctenoplectrella viridiceps Cockerell , det. M. S. Engel’’.

Non­type. Female, B­JH 83 ( AMNH) labeled: ‘‘Baltic amber: Eocene, Kaliningrad, Yantarny’’ // ‘‘ Ctenoplectrella viridiceps Cockerell , det. M. S. Engel’’.

Non­type. Female, B­W 158 ( AMNH) labeled: ‘‘Baltic amber: Eocene, Kaliningrad, Yantarny’’ // ‘‘ Ctenoplectrella viridiceps? Cockerell , det. M. S. Engel’’.

Non­type. Female, MB. I.1940 ( ZMHB) labeled: ‘‘Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Paläontologisches Museum, Inv. Nr. MB. I.1940 (No. 29)’’ // ‘‘29’’ // ‘‘ Ctenoplectrella viridiceps Cockerell , det. M. S. Engel’’.

Non­type. Female, MB. I.1941 ( ZMHB) labeled: ‘‘Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Paläontologisches Museum, Inv. Nr. MB. I.1941 (No. 17)’’ // ‘‘17’’ // ‘‘ Ctenoplectrella viridiceps Cockerell , det. M. S. Engel’’.

Non­type. Female, Nr. 24 ( CFKG) labeled: ‘‘1987, Nr. 24’’ // ‘‘ Ctenoplectrella viridiceps Cockerell , det. M. S. Engel’’.

Non­type. Female ( CJVG) labeled: ‘‘ Ctenoplectrella viridiceps Cockerell , det. M. S. Engel’’.

Non­type. Female, Nr. 1615 ( CCGG) labeled: ‘‘Nr. 1615’’ // ‘‘ Ctenoplectrella viridiceps Cockerell , det. M. S. Engel’’.

COMMENTS: The species was proposed as new again by Cockerell (1909b) but the name was already made available by Cockerell (1909a).

The specimen here designated as the neotype agrees with Cockerell’s original description and figures, particularly in the shape of the pterostigma. Zeuner and Manning (1976) indicate the holotype to have been moved to the Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt­ Universität, Berlin, but upon inspection of their collection I failed to find any specimens from the Königsberg collection. Most material from the former Königsberg collection eventually ended up in the Institut und Museum für Geologie und Paläontologie, Göttingen, where some of Cockerell’s other types were discovered (e.g., those of Glyptapis ), but Ctenoplectrella was not among them. Ctenoplectrella was cataloged in the Göttingen collection as specimen ‘‘K65’’ but it was not to be found. I therefore consider the holotype to have been lost and here designate a neotype.

The species proposed by Salt (1931), a male of Ctenoplectrella , is undoubtedly the male for C. viridiceps . The neotype of C. splendens in Berlin is the only existing male specimen (of any genus!) preserved in Baltic amber.

Ctenoplectrella cockerelli , new species Figures 43, 44

DIAGNOSIS: This is most similar to C. grimaldii (see below) in the strongly produced second submarginal cell (fig. 43), straight clypeal apex, and narrow gena but differs by

44. Hind wing. Scale bar = 1 mm.

the presence of punctures on the mesoscutum and scutellum (absent in C. grimaldii ).

DESCRIPTION: Female. Total body length 5.35 mm; forewing length 3.65 mm. Head slightly wider than long (length 1.56 mm, width 1.78 mm). Upper interorbital distance 1.13 mm; lower interorbital distance 0.97 mm. Interocellar distance 0.31 mm; ocellocular distance 0.31 mm; median ocellus to lateral ocellus 0.13 mm. Intertegular distance 1.28 mm. Basal vein confluent with cu­a; second abscissa of Rs basad 1m­cu by seven times vein width; 2rs­m distad 2m­cu by vein width, 2rs­m doubly arcuate; second submarginal cell slightly longer than first submarginal cell; eight distal hamuli, arranged in a single, evenly spaced series (fig. 44).

Outer surface of mandible with minute punctures separated by a puncture width or less, integument between smooth. Clypeus with small punctures separated by a puncture width or less, integument between smooth. Supraclypeal area sculptured as on clypeus. Face with punctures separated by 1–1.5 times a puncture width, integument between smooth. Vertex and gena with small punctures separated by about a puncture width, integument between smooth. Mesoscutum with small punctures separated by a puncture width or slightly less, integument between smooth. Tegula with minute punctures separated by a puncture width, integument between smooth. Scutellum sculptured as on mesoscutum. Metanotum impunctate and smooth. Preëpisternal area (i.e., anterior­facing surface anterior to omaulus) essentially impunctate and smooth except for a few, exceedingly faint, widely spaced, coarse punc­ tures. Mesepisternum with coarse, slightly faint punctures separated by a puncture width, integument between smooth, punctures becoming somewhat fainter ventrally and posteriorly. Metepisternum impunctate and smooth. Propodeum (basal, lateral, and posterior surfaces) impunctate and smooth. Terga with small punctures separated by 1– 2 times a puncture width, integument between smooth; sterna imbricate.

Color brown without maculations. Wing membrane hyaline; veins strong and dark brown.

Mandible with minute, simple, appressed setae. Clypeus with minute, appressed, simple setae not obscuring integument; similar setae also on face below level of antennal sockets, intermixed with scattered, longer, erect setae on face, clypeus, supraclypeal area, gena, and postgena. Mesoscutum and scutellum with scattered, short, simple setae except those of scutellum slightly longer. Pleural pubescence as described for mesoscutum. Basal area of propodeum without pubescence; lateral and posterior surfaces with pubescence as described for mesoscutum. Pubescence of legs generally simple and short; inner surface of metafemur without pubescence, outer, anterior, and posterior surfaces with short, branched setae; metatibia with scattered, simple, moderate­length setae, a few with minute branches. Central discs of metasomal terga with sparse, minute, simple, appressed setae, setae longer and erect to suberect on lateral borders; sternal scopa composed of bands of dense, long, erect, simple setae.

MATERIAL: Three specimens. Holotype. Female, B­W 160 ( AMNH) labeled: ‘‘Baltic amber: Eocene, Kaliningrad, Yantarny’’ // ‘‘ Holotype, Ctenoplectrella cockerelli Engel’’.

Paratype. Female, MB. I.1942 ( ZMHB) labeled: ‘‘Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Paläontologisches Museum, Inv. Nr. MB. I.1942 (No. 31)’’ // ‘‘31’’ // ‘‘ Paratype, Ctenoplectrella cockerelli Engel’’.

Paratype. Female, Nr. 1011 ( CCGG) labeled: ‘‘Nr. 1011’’ // ‘‘ Paratype, Ctenoplectrella cockerelli Engel’’.

ETYMOLOGY: The specific epithet is a patronymic honoring the late Prof. Theodore D. A. Cockerell (1866–1948). Cockerell was the first to critically examine the Baltic amber bees and to attempt to place them into a phylogenetic context. Weber (1965, 2000) has presented a bibliography of Cockerell’s papers as well as a sampling of his published writings on topics ranging from entomology to philosophy.

Figures

Figs. 43–44. Wings of holotype female of Ctenoplectrella cockerelli, new species. 43. Forewing.