Tephritis arsenii, Korneyev, Severyn V., Khaghaninia, Samad, Namin, Saeed Mohamadzade & Zarghani, Ebrahim, 2015

Korneyev, Severyn V., Khaghaninia, Samad, Namin, Saeed Mohamadzade & Zarghani, Ebrahim, 2015, Palearctic species of the genus Tephritis (Diptera, Tephritidae) associated with plants of the tribe Senecioneae (Asteraceae), Zootaxa 4007 (2), pp. 207-216 : 208-211

Tephritis arsenii , new species

Figs. 1–2 , 5–6 , 9–13

Type material. Holotype ♀; Iran: East Azerbaijan Province, Sahand Mts., Kendovan Valley, 37°45.02′ N 46°18.51′ E, h [altitude] = 2400 m, swept from Doronicum dolichotrichum , 28.06.2014 (S. & V. Korneyev) ( SIZK).

Paratypes: Armenia: Lichk vill., “alpine meadows”, 39°05.5′ N 46°17.3′ E, h [altitude] = 2200–2400 m, 8.06.1982, 7♂, 6♀ (Ermolenko) ( SIZK); Iran: West Azerbaijan Province: 15km W Ziveh, on Doronicum dolichotrichum , h= 2630 m, 37°08.1′ N, 44°52.3′ E, 17.06.2014; 12♂, 20♀; same collection data, reared from flowerheads of D. dolichotrichum , collected: 17.06.2014, exit [emerged] 23– 26.06.2014, 2♂, 6♀ (Mohamadzade) ( JAZM & SMNC); East Azerbaijan Province, Sahand Mts., Kendovan Valley, 37°45.02′ N 46°18.51′ E, h= 2400 m, swept from Doronicum dolichotrichum , 28.06.2014, 43♂, 19♀ (S. & V. Korneyev) ( SIZK); East Azerbaijan Province, 34.4 km to Tabriz, Kendovan Valley [located on the mountainside of Mount Sultan (one of the Sahand ′s summits)], 37°46′ N 46°15′ E, h= 2341 m, 28.06.2014, 3♂, 2♀ (E. Zarghani & S. Khaganinia) ( ICHMM).

Material not included in the type series: Iran: East Azerbaijan Province, 34.4 km to Tabriz, Kendovan Valley [mountainside of Mount Sultan (one of the Sahand’s summits)], 37°46′ N 46°15′ E, h= 2341 m, 28.06.2014, 20♂, 8♀ (in ethanol) (E. Zarghani & S. Khaganinia) ( ICHMM).

Diagnosis. Tephritis arsenii can be easily recognized from other Tephritis species by the following combination of characters: wing, including the anal lobe, with extensive dark pattern, two separated from each other dark spots at the apices of veins R4+5 and M, and dark setae on the abdominal tergites. It is similar to T. ruralis ( Loew, 1844) in the reticulate wing pattern with dark anal lobe, white posterior orbital and notopleural setae and presence of dark setae on the abdominal tergites, differing by the isolated spots at the apices of veins R4+5 and M. Tephritis arsenii is similar to T. hyoscyami ( Linnaeus, 1758) and T. hendeliana Hering, 1944 in having separated spots on the wing apex, but these two species differ by the hyaline anal lobe and white setulose abdominal tergites. Tephritis arsenii is similar to T. conyzifoliae Merz, 1992 and T. crepidis Hendel, 1927 in having the wing pattern with two large hyaline spots at crossvein r-m, darkened anal lobe, and isolated dark spots at the apices of veins R4+5 and M, differing from those species by having dark setae on the abdominal tergites; T. conyzifoliae also differs by having a spiny preglans of the phallus (bare in all other species of Tephritis ). The new species is also similar to T. arnicae in the extensive dark wing pattern reaching the anal lobe and in the dark setae on the abdominal tergites, and it has a similarly shaped aculeus and spermathecae, but it differs by having white posterior orbital and posterior notopleural setae (black in T. arnicae ).

Description. Head ( Fig. 5 ) shaped as in most other Tephritis . Length: height: width ratio = 1:1.1:1.54. Frons subquadrate, twice as wide as eye, which is about 1.3 times as high as long. Gena 0.55 times as high as length of flagellomere 1. Flagellomere 1 1.6 times as long as wide. Yellow to brown, blackish on occiput centrally and on ocellar triangle, whitish microtrichose, arista dark brown; flagellomere 1 dark yellow. Ocellar, medial vertical, anterior orbital and frontal setae dark brown and acuminate; genal seta pale brown and acuminate; remaining setae including posterior orbital seta lanceolate whitish or yellowish. Postocular setae white, setulae black. Genal setulae whitish-yellow, brownish on anterior part.

Thorax ( Fig. 5 ): Ground color predominantly black; postpronotal lobe, dorsal part of anepisternum and scutellum laterally dark yellow; mesonotum densely grey to ochreous-yellow microtrichose. Setae black; posterior notopleural seta white. Setulae white; scutellum with 5–6 white marginal setulae on each side. Calypteres white. Halter yellow.

Legs ( Fig. 1 ): Dark yellow; fore femur with 2 rows of white posterodorsal and one row of brown posteroventral setae; mid and hind legs with brown setae and setulae ( Fig. 11 ).

Wing ( Fig. 5 ): Pattern brown, with two large spots at apices of veins R4+5 and M isolated from remaining dark pattern. Basal cells bm and bcu hyaline; cell c with dark bar at middle. Pterostigma brown, with single hyaline spot. Cell r1 posterior to pterostigma brown with hyaline dot, at middle with two trapeziform hyaline spots separated by narrow brown bar, and usually with third small hyaline subapical spot. Cell r2+3 hyaline at base, with dark area posterior to pterostigma; three hyaline spots posterior to spots in r1 separated by narrow dark bars or partly merged, medial one twice as wide as proximal and 3 times as wide as distal spot; preapical brown area (posterior to cell r1 apex) with 3-7 smaller hyaline spots. Cell br hyaline on basal half and dark on apical half, usually with 2 small round hyaline spots. Crossvein r–m surrounded by 4 hyaline spots or 2 hyaline bars (merged spots). Cell r4+5 with basal one-third anterior of crossvein dm-cu with two hyaline spots, often fused, posterior spot three to four times larger than anterior one; middle third of cell brown, with 3–5 rounded hyaline spots; subapically with hyaline Tshaped area with arms extending into cells r2+3 and m and reaching anterior and posterior wing margins; apex of cell with two dark spots, that on apex of R4+5 smaller than that on apex of M. Cell m with highly variable dark pattern split by 4-5 partly merged large hyaline spots. Cell dm mostly dark, with extreme base hyaline, 5-8 small hyaline spots and one large hyaline spot at r-m level. Cell cu dark with 10–14 round hyaline spots of various sizes. Anal cell dark with 4–5 round hyaline spots. Anal lobe dark with 4–5 hyaline spots. Alula hyaline.

Abdomen ( Fig. 6 ) black, tergites uniformly, but sparsely grey microtrichose, with black and white setulae and white marginal setae.

Genitalia. Male. Glans of phallus ( Fig. 9 ) moderately short, mostly membranous, with apical gonopore, without dorsal tail-like process. Preglans without spines.

Female. Oviscape shining black, black and white setulose on dorsal and ventral sides, as long as abdominal tergites 4-6 combined ( Fig. 1 ). Eversible membrane with two pairs of taeniae 0.3 times as long as membrane itself; ventral side of membrane with scales of different size, medial ones larger than lateral ones and moderately pointed ( Fig. 13 ). Spermathecae moderately long and narrow, 5.5 times as long as wide ( Fig. 10 ). Aculeus brown, 5 times as long as wide, evenly tapered to apex, apically narrowly truncated and insignificantly incised ( Figs 11–12 ).

Measurements. Female. Body length 4.5–5.2 mm, wing length 4.0– 4.7 mm, aculeus length 1.05–1.20 mm; Male. Body length 3.25–4.25 mm, wing length 3.9–4.4 mm.

Etymology. The new species is named in memory of the cousin of the first author, Arseni Gumenyuk (1991-2014).

Host plant. Doronicum dolichotrichum Cavill. (syn. Doronicum hakkiaricum J. R. Edm. , Doronicum hyrcanum Widder & Rech. f.) ( Figs. 23–25 ). One to four larvae or pupae were found in each flower head by V. A. Korneyev.

Remarks. This species occurs in subalpine meadows in the mountains of Armenia and Iran and is expected to be present in Azerbaijan and Turkey, where its host plant also occurs. Its host plant usually grows in undisturbed places along streams and rivers. Compared to T. arnicae , the wing pattern of T. arsenii shows less variability.

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 4. Habitus, lateral view and wing: 1 – 2, Tephritis arsenii new species; 3 – 4, T. arnicae; bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 5 – 8. Thorax lateral view; and abdomen, dorsal view: 5 – 6, Tephritis arsenii new species; 7 – 8, T. arnicae.

FIGURES 9 – 18. 9 – 13, Tephritis arsenii new species: 9, glans of phallus; 10, spermathecae; 11, aculeus, ventral view; 12, aculeus tip; 13, eversible membrane, ventral view; 14 – 18, T. arnicae: 14, glans of phallus; 15, spermathecae; 16, aculeus, ventral view; 17, aculeus tip; 18, eversible membrane, ventral view; bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 23 – 26. 23, Kendovan valley type locality of T. arsenii new species; 24, Doronicum dolichotrichum floverhead; 25, D. dolichotrichum herbarium; 26, D. austriacum with pupa of T. arnicae in the stem gall.