Amphidraus simplex, Ruiz, 2017

Ruiz, Gustavo R. S., 2017, Ten new species of Amphidraus Simon, 1900 (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini) and three new combinations, Zootaxa 4312 (3), pp. 401-437 : 416-418

Amphidraus simplex sp. nov.

Figs 13–14

Type material. Holotype: ♂ from Juruti, 02°30'27.4"S, 56°10'39.5"W, Pará, Brazil, 8–13.V.2010, B.V.B. Rodrigues et al. leg. ( MPEG 32685 ). Paratypes: 1♂ ( IBSP 211842 ) and 1♀ ( MPEG 32686 ), both from Juruti, Pará, Brazil, 16–17.XII.2012, A.S. Alves et al. leg.

Etymology. Latin adjective, referring to the simple RTA.

Diagnosis. The embolic disc and embolus of A. simplex sp. nov. are similar to those of A. duckei , A. santanae , A. colombianus and A. nigrigenu sp. nov.: there are two dPED and the vPED is proximal and projects retrolaterally; also, the embolus is thicker and sickle-shaped. However, A. simplex sp. nov. can be distinguished from those species by the finger-shaped RvTA ( Figs 14 C, 14D), being slender and sinuous in A. duckei and A. colombianus , quadrangular with one tooth in A. santanae (see Galiano 1967: fig. 4), and rounded with two teeth in A. nigrigenu sp. nov. ( Fig. 12 D). It also differs from all Amphidraus species by the presence of stout scales emerging from the proximal portion of the tibia ( Figs 14 B, 14D). The females of A. simplex sp. nov. ( Fig. 14 F), A. duckei , A. santanae ( Fig. 16 I) and A. bifidus sp. nov. ( Fig. 21 F) have semicircular secondary spermathecae near the copulatory openings. However, A. simplex sp. nov. differs from all Amphidraus species in having a single copulatory opening (atrium), whereas the other species have two copulatory openings. In addition, its coupling pocket is located ventrally in the middle portion of the epigynal plate ( Figs 14 E, 14F), whereas A. duckei and A. santanae have dorsal pockets on the posterior border of the epigynal plate ( Figs 15 D, 16I –L).

Description. Male holotype (MPEG 32685). Total length: 2.39. Carapace 1.37 long, 0.95 wide and 0.95 high. Ocular quadrangle 0.57 long. Anterior eye row 1.06 wide, posterior 0.87 wide. Legs: 3412. Length of leg I 2.00 (0.61 + 0.72 + 0.67); II 1.86 (0.57 + 0.68 + 0.61); III 2.66 (0.87 + 0.84 + 0.95); IV 2.63 (0.80 + 0.84 + 0.99). Palp ( Figs 14 A–D): femur with subproximal ventral projection and a slight distal cavity, in which the tegular lobe fits when the palp is flexed ( Fig. 14 D); cymbium with proximal, retrolateral depression, in which the RvTA fits ( Fig. 14 D); tegulum with tegular lobe curved towards prolateral side ( Fig. 14 C); embolic filament longer than straight, sclerotized portion ( Fig. 14 C). Color in alcohol: thoracic area brown and cephalic area black, abdomen dorsally brown and variegated, ventrally pale; legs light brown ( Figs 13 A, 13B).

Female paratype (MPEG 32686). Total length: 2.66. Carapace 1.41 long, 1.01 wide and 0.76 high. Ocular quadrangle 0.72 long. Anterior eye row 1.06 wide, posterior 0.91 wide. Legs: 4312. Length of leg I 2.19 (0.68 + 0.84 + 0.67); II 2.02 (0.65 + 0.72 + 0.65); III 2.77 (0.91 + 0.95 + 0.91); IV 2.89 (0.91 + 0.93 + 1.05). Color in alcohol: as in male ( Figs 13 C, 13D).

Distribution. Known only from the type locality ( Brazil, Pará) ( Fig. 30 ).

Figures

FIGURE 12. Amphidraus nigrigenu sp. nov. A left male palp, prolateral view; B same, dorsal view; C same, ventral view; D same, retrolateral view. CC, cymbial conductor; dPED, distal process on embolic disc; E, embolus; ED, embolic disc; RTA, retrolateral tibial apopHysis; RvTA, retroventral tibial apopHysis; SD, sperm duct; TL, tegular lobe; vPED, ventral process on embolic disc.

FIGURE 13. Amphidraus simplex sp. nov. A male Holotype, dorsal view; B same, ventral view; C female paratype, dorsal view; D same, ventral view.

FIGURE 14. Amphidraus simplex sp. nov. A left male palp, prolateral view; B same, dorsal view; C same, ventral view; D same, retrolateral view; E epigyne, ventral view; F same, cleared, ventral view. CC, cymbial conductor; CO, copulatory opening; dPED, distal process on embolic disc; E, embolus; ED, embolic disc; FD, fertilization duct; po, coupling pocket; PS, primary spermatHeca; RvTA, retroventral tibial apopHysis; SD, sperm duct; SS, secondary spermatHeca; TL, tegular lobe; vPED, ventral process on embolic disc.

FIGURE 15. MorpHological variations in copulatory structures of Amphidraus santanae. A – C, E – G, I – K, M – O: left male palp; A – C Holotype from Santana, Amapá; E – G specimen from Vitória do Xingu, Pará; I – K specimen from São Félix do Xingu, Pará; M – O specimen from Canaã do Carajás, Pará; A, E, I, M: ventral views; B, F, J, N: retrolateral views; C: proventral view; G, K, O: retroventral views. D, H, L, P: epigyne, ventral view; D allotype from Santana, Amapá; H female from Vitória do Xingu, Pará; L female from São Félix do Xingu, Pará; P female from Canaã dos Carajás, Pará. dPED, distal process on embolic disc; E, embolus; RvTA, retroventral tibial apopHysis; TL, tegular lobe; vPED, ventral process on embolic disc.

FIGURE 16. MorpHological variations in copulatory structures of Amphidraus santanae. A, C, E, G, left male palp, ventral view. B, D, F, H, same, tibia, retrolateral view; A – B specimen from Vitória do Xingu, Pará; C – D specimen from São Félix do Xingu, Pará; E – F specimen from Canaã do Carajás, Pará; G – H specimen from Tailândia, Pará; I – L epigyne, cleared, ventral view; I female from Vitória do Xingu, Pará; J female from São Félix do Xingu, Pará; K female from Canaã do Carajás, Pará; L female from Tailândia, Pará. CD, copulatory duct; CO, copulatory opening; dPED, distal process on embolic disc; po, coupling pocket; PS, primary spermatHeca; RTA, retrolateral tibial apopHysis; RvTA, retroventral tibial apopHysis; SS, secondary spermatHeca; vPED, ventral process on embolic disc.

FIGURE 21. Amphidraus bifidus sp. nov. A left male palp, prolateral view; B same, dorsal view; C same, ventral view; D same, retrolateral view; E epigyne, ventral view; F same, cleared, dorsal view. CC, cymbial conductor; CO, copulatory opening; dPED, distal process on embolic disc; E, embolus; ED, embolic disc; FD, fertilization duct; PS, primary spermatHeca; RTA, retrolateral tibial apopHysis; RvTA, retroventral tibial apopHysis; SD, sperm duct; SS, secondary spermatHeca; TL, tegular lobe.

FIGURE 30. Map of records of A. santanae, A. simplex sp. nov. and A. duckei. For context of tHis map witHin SoutH America, see Fig. 28.