Trachinotus, Lacepede, 1801

Smith-Vaniz, William F. & Walsh, Stephen J., 2019, Indo-West Pacific species of Trachinotus with spots on their sides as adults, with description of a new species endemic to the Marquesas Islands (Teleostei: Carangidae), Zootaxa 4651 (1), pp. 1-37 : 27

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4651.1.1

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9AAC432F-D0FC-470A-8468-7B24E4D57514

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5584962

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/270A87D7-FFDB-FFC6-FF05-5BA680E8FBDD

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Trachinotus
status

 

Key to Indo-West Pacific species of Trachinotus View in CoL View at ENA

1a One to seven dark spots on or near lateral line (spots usually absent in specimens smaller than about 10–15 cm FL); segmented dorsal-fin rays 20–26; anal-fin pterygiophores inserting in first interhemal space typically 3 ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 , Table 1 View TABLE 1 )............ 2

1b No spots on or near lateral line at any size; segmented dorsal-fin rays 18–20 (except 21–23 in T. africanus View in CoL ); anal-fin pterygiophores inserting in first interhemal space typically 2........................................................ 5

2a Adults with black spots in fresh specimens; no large spot above pectoral fin in adults............................... 3

2a Adults with silvery-gray spots in fresh specimens; 1 or 2 large spots above pectoral fin in adults....................... 4

3a Largest spot on side of adults usually smaller than or approximately size of iris diameter; adults with 2-6 spots (usually 3) spots on sides; height of dorsal-fin lobe 18.9–46.0% FL, mean 28.9%, in specimens> 200 mm FL (broadly distributed in Indo-West Pacific)..................................................................................... T. baillonii View in CoL

3b Largest spot on side of adults distinctly larger than iris diameter; adults typically with 1 or 2 spots on side; height of dorsal-fin lobe 16.1–21.5% FL, mean 18.1%, in specimens> 200 mm FL (Marquesas Island endemic)............... T. macrospilus

4a Adults typically with only one spot above pectoral fin; vomerine tooth patch consistently round or triangular-shaped; segmented dorsal-fin rays 22–24, usually 22 or 23; segmented anal-fin rays 19–22, rarely 22 (Indian Ocean including Western Australia)...................................................................................... T. botla View in CoL

4b Adults with two spots above pectoral fin; vomerine tooth patch usually chevron shaped; segmented dorsal-fin rays 23–25, usually 24 or 25; segmented anal-fin rays 22–24 (Eastern Australia, Lord Howe and Norfolk islands)........... T. coppingeri View in CoL

5a Segmented dorsal-fin rays 21–23; segmented anal-fin rays 19–21; axillary base beneath pectoral fin often with black ring-like blotch (Western Indian Ocean, Gulf of Oman and Bali)............................................... T. africanus View in CoL

5b Segmented dorsal-fin rays 18–20; segmented anal-fin rays 16–18; axillary base beneath pectoral fin without black ring-like blotch.............................................................................................. 6

6a Supraoccipital bone of skull becoming broad and sausage-shaped in adults ( Fig. 19A View FIGURE 19 ), this character easily observed by simple dissection along midline of skull; in life, anal-fin yellow; teeth in narrow band on tongue, persisting to about 50 cm FL (Persian Gulf, Pakistan, India, China and southern Japan)................................................... T. mookalee View in CoL

6b Supraoccipital bone of skull thin and blade-like in adults ( Fig. 19B View FIGURE 19 ); in life, color of anal fin variable, yellow or brownish with orange anterior margin; tongue toothless (except 2 or 3 slender teeth rarely present in small specimens of T. blochii View in CoL )...... 7

7a Supraneural bone a swollen inverted tear-drop, becoming oval-shaped in large adults ( Fig. 20 View FIGURE 20 ); in life, anal-fin lobe brownish with anterior margin orange; nasal bone not swollen in adults (broadly distributed in Indo-West Pacific).......... T. blochii View in CoL

7b Supraneural bone not swollen as above, shaped like an inverted “L” with the short arm projecting anteriorly; in life, anal-fin lobe yellow; nasal bone greatly swollen (hyperostotic) in adults (Eastern and northern Australia, South China Sea and southern Japan)......................................................................................... T. anak View in CoL

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