Geodiscelis (Nazcoediscelis) antiminera Ferrari

Ferrari, Rafael R., 2015, A new species of Geodiscelis Michener & Rozen (Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Xeromelissinae) from Peru, Zootaxa 4033 (2), pp. 293-300 : 295-298

Geodiscelis (Nazcoediscelis) antiminera Ferrari , new species

( Fig. 2 )

Diagnosis. The following combination of characters is sufficient to differentiate G. antiminera sp. nov. from all other species in the genus (unless otherwise stated, all characters refer to both sexes): malar area ~1.5x longer than wide, but shorter than compound eye; disc of supraclypeal area flat in lateral view; wing veins dark-brown; metepisternum nearly glabrous; male S6 with apicomedian spine; and medioventral process on gonocoxa conical and well-developed.

Description. Male (Holotype, Figs. 2 A, 2C, 2E): Dimensions (mm): Approximate body length 3.5; head width 0.91; forewing length 2.3.

Colouration: Black except yellow as follows: malar area anteriorly; clypeus (except extreme lateral margins); ventral surface of antenna; spot on pronotal lobe; foreleg (except for dark-brown smudge on femur dorsobasally, and tibia and basitarsus anteriorly whitish-yellow); apical ring on mesocoxa, mesotrochanter; mesofemur ventrally; mesotibia anteriorly and posterodistally; apical half of metacoxa; metatrochanter ventrally; metafemur ventral and posterodistally; metatibia anteromedially; T1–T6 each with median transverse band; S1 distally, S2 and S3–S6 (except for brown marking on discs). Whitish-yellow as follows: mandible (except apex dark amber); labrum; malar area posteriorly; hypostomal area; anterior 1/3 of tegula; mesotibia anterodistally; mesobasitarsus, external margin, proximal and distal 1/3 of anterior surface of metatibia; metabasitarsus; posterior 1/4 of T1–T6; T7. Dark brown on: pedicel and flagellum dorsally; wing veins; proximal half of T1–T6. Light brown on: mesotarsus.

Pubescence: White, thickened, appressed, dense on: paraocular, interalveolar, vertexal and genal areas, pronotum, scutellum, mesepisternum, metanotum, dorsolateral area of propodeum, anterior 1/3 of T1–T6; sparser on frontal area disc of mesoscutum and metanotum. White, thin, suberect, sparse on: mandible, labrum, clypeus, hypostomal area, trochanters, femora, foretibia, mesotibia; slightly longer and denser on metatibia; much longer on posterior margins of mesotarsomeres 1–4.

Sculpture: Microreticulate on clypeus, supraclypeal, paraocularand genal areas, pronotum, scutellum, metanotum, metasomal terga. Granulose on frontal and vertexal areas, mesepisternum, metepisternum; strongly granulose on metapostnotum. Punctures irregularly spaced on clypeus (i=4–6d above, i=2d below), and paraocular area (i=d anteriorly, i=2d posteriorly); indistinct on frontal and vertexal areas; i<d on mesoscutum and scutellum.

Structure: Head: Shorter than mesosoma (59:65), longer than wide (59:49). Labrum broader than long (12:8), apex rounded. Mandible lacking subapical tooth. Malar space much longer than basal depth of mandible (31:14), shorter than compound eye (31:55), malar line absent. Clypeus 1.5x longer than greatest breadth ignoring portion laterad to epistomal lobe (17:11); epistomal lobe strongly protruding into clypeus. Compound eye 28:19 (length to breadth), in profile margin coincident with that of genal profile ventrally; eyes slightly converging below. Genal area expanded posteriorly, 2/3 as wide as breadth of compound eye (19:21), ocelloccipital distance greater than diameter of lateral ocellus (10:8). Scape ~ 2x as long as greatest width (21:10); pedicel cylindrical, slightly wider than long (10:8).

Mesosoma: Anterior surface of pronotum nearly horizontal; ratio of lengths of scutellum:metanotum:horizontal surface of metaposnotum 19:10:20. Legs unmodified; hind tibial spurs long and narrow, inner spur half as long as metabasitarsus (23:37). Stigma with margin basal to vein R divergent.

Metasoma: Flattened, broadest at marginal zone of T3. S6 with apex angulate, bearing a spine. Genitalia as in Fig. 3 A.

Female ( Figs. 2 B, 2D, 2F): As in male, except as follows:

Dimensions: Approximate body length 3.7; head width 0.90; fore wing length 2.4.

Colouration: Yellow marking on malar area slightly reduced; supraclypeal area entirely black; ventral surface of antenna brown, F1–F3 darker; foretibia and forebasitarsus yellow anteriorly; mesotrochanter mostly dark-brown dorsally; outer surface of metatibia suffused with light-brown; white transverse band on metasomal terga broader.

Pubescence: Denser on frontal area; mesotarsal rake of longer, more robust setae (2– 4 x MOD); metatibia and metabasitarsus with scopa (≤2.5x MOD); S2 with sparse scopa (≤ 2x MOD).

Sculpture: Less strongly granulose on metaposnotum.

Structure: Pedicel globose; mesotibia swollen.

Material studied. Holotype: “ PERU: Arequipa, 37km W; La Reparticion 08/vi/2015; 16°23.48’S 72°05.78’W; 1455m yellow pan trap; Ferrari and Cañote” “ Geodiscelis ♂; antiminera sp. nov.; R.R.Ferrari, det. 2015” “ HOLOTYPE ”.

Paratype: “ PERU: Arequipa, 15km E; La Reparticion 08/vi/2015; 16°33.43’S 71°39.20’W; 2375m yellow pan trap; Ferrari and Cañote” “ Geodiscelis ♀; antiminera sp. nov.; R.R.Ferrari, det. 2015” “ PARATYPE ”.

Both specimens are currently deposited at PCYU, however, they will be sent to MUSM pending completion of ongoing research.

Etymology. Geodiscelis antiminera sp. nov. is known only from the Department of Arequipa, a region of great importance for the mining industry in Peru. In Spanish, “antiminero means “anti-mining”, a feeling commonly shared by those inhabitants of Arequipa who rely on the soil and rivers to survive, and who are therefore opposed to the pollution of their natural resources caused by the mines.

Floral hosts. Unknown.

Comments. All photographs of the male holotype were taken prior to dissection. Currently, some metasomal terga are broken, and the metasoma is glued to a card point. The locality where the female paratype was collected is located ~ 50km East of the type-locality. Both specimens were captured in yellow pan traps.

Key to the species of Geodiscelis [modified from Packer & Dumesh (2014)] Note: the female G. phisquiri is unknown.

1 Malar space at least 2x longer than wide ( Fig. 3 C); disc of supraclypeal area flat ( Fig. 3 C) (subgenus Nazcoediscelis) ................................................................................................................................................................................ 3

- Malar space at most only slightly longer than wide ( Fig. 3 D); disc of supraclypeal area convex ( Fig. 3 D) .............. 2

2 Malar space relatively long, about as long as wide [as in fig. 16 in Packer & Dumesh (2014)]; female with two hind tibial spurs [as in fig. 23 in Packer & Dumesh (2014)]; male with hind legs unmodified [as in fig. 10 in Packer & Dumesh (2014)] ................................................................... G . (Geodiscelis) megacephala Michener & Rozen, 1999

- Malar space extremely reduced, many times wider than long ( Fig. 3 D); female with only one hind tibial spur [as in fig. 24 in Packer & Dumesh (2014)]; male with metafemur, metatibia and metabasitarsus considerably swollen [as in fig. 25 in Packer & Dumesh (2014)] ............................................... G. (Thaumoediscelis) thaumaskelos Packer, 2009

3 Malar space longer than compound eye [as in fig. 20 in Packer & Dumesh (2014)] .................................................... .................................................................................................................. G. (Nazcoediscelis) longiceps Packer, 2005

- Malar space shorter than compound eye ( Fig. 3 D) ..................................................................................................... 4

4 Wing veins dark-brown ( Figs. 3 E, 3F); male S6 with apicomedian spine [as in fig. 5 in Packer & Dumesh (2014)] .. ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

- Wing veins light-yellow [as in fig. 10 in Packer & Dumesh (2014)]; male S6 apicomedially obtusely angulate, not spinose [as in fig. 12 in Packer & Dumesh (2014)] ........................................... G. phisquiri Packer & Dumesh, 2014

5 Malar area ~1.5x longer than wide ( Fig. 3 C); metepisternum nearly glabrous ( Fig. 3 E); medioventral process on gonocoxa conical and strongly developed ( Fig. 3 A) .................................................... G. antiminera Ferrari , sp. nov.

- Malar area 3x longer than wide [as in fig. 20 in Packer & Dumesh (2014)]; metepisternum densely pilose ( Fig. 3 F); medioventral process on gonocoxa rounded and weakly developed ( Fig. 3 B) ............................................................. ........................................................................................................................... G. nazcalinea Packer & Dumesh 2014

Phylogeny. The reanalysis of the morphology-based data matrix of 68 characters by Packer & Dumesh (2014), with the inclusion of the species described herein, resulted in a unique, completely dichotomous phylogenetic tree with the same topology of that obtained by those authors ( Fig. 4 ). Tree length (L), consistency (CI) and retention (RI) indexes are 158, 0.703 and 0.801, respectively. Overall, group support was reasonably high for most clades. The genus Geodiscelis , as well as its only non-monotypic subgenus, Nazcoediscelis, are both monophyletic. Within Geodiscelis , the subgenera Nazcoediscelis and Geodiscelis s. str. are sister-groups, and together they comprise the sister-group of Thaumoediscelis.

The results of the phylogenetic analysis strongly suggest that G. antiminera sp. nov. belongs to the subgenus Nazcoediscelis and is sister to all other species in the subgenus ( Fig. 4 ). Character states for this species are similar to those for G. nazcalinea ( Packer & Dumesh, 2014:285) , except as follows: 24(2) malar space 1.5x the depth of mandible; 42(0) M+Cu length of 2nd abscissa subequal to that of 1st; 65(2) galeal comb with no tooth. The internal mesosomal characters 38–40 could not be scored for G. antiminera sp. nov. due to lack of additional material for dissection, whereas the loss of S7 and S8 did not allow for the scoring of characters 46 and 49–56.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Geodiscelis antiminera sp. nov. Holotype ♂: (A) habitus, lateral view; (C) habitus, dorsal view; (E) head, frontal view. Paratype ♀: (B) habitus, lateral view; (D) habitus, dorsal view; (F) head, frontal view.

FIGURE 3. Figures illustrating characters used in the taxonomic key. A – B: dorsal view of genital capsule; (A) medioventral process on gonocoxa conical and strongly developed in Geodiscelis antiminera sp. nov., (B) rounded and weakly developed medioventral process of gonocoxa in G. nazcalinea. C – D: lateral view of head; (C) supraclypeal area flat in G. antiminera sp. nov., (D) convex and protuberant in G. thaumaskelos. E – F: lateral view of mesosoma; (E) metepisternum glabrous in G. antiminera sp. nov., (F) densely pilose in G. nazcalinea.

FIGURE 4. Most equally parsimonious tree found (L = 158, CI = 0.703 and RI = 0.801) in the phylogenetic analysis of the species of Geodiscelis. Filled in circles represent unique apomorphies, open circles indicate homoplasious apomorphies. Small numbers above and below the circles indicate the character number and state, respectively. Large numbers above internodes are GC values from symmetric resampling, below are Bremer support values. Character and character states are those of Packer & Dumesh (2014).