Ceriodaphnia reticulata ( Jurine, 1820 )

Lopez, Mark Louie D., Pascual, Jhaydee Ann F., Dela Paz, Erica Silk P., Rizo, Eric Zeus C., Tordesillas, Dino T., Guinto, Shea Kathleen, Han, Boping, Dumont, Henri J., Mamaril, Augustus C., Sr & Papa, Rey Donne S., 2017, Annot ated checklist and insular distribution of f reshwater microcrustaceans (Copepoda: Calanoida & Cyclopoida; Cladocera: Anomopoda & Ctenopoda) in the Philippines, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65, pp. 623-654 : 635-636

Ceriodaphnia reticulata ( Jurine, 1820)

Synonyms in Philippine literature: None.

Philippine records: Petersen & Carlos, 1984.

General geographic distribution: Afrotropical, Neartic, Neotropical, Oriental Indomalaya, and Paleartic.

Distribution in the Philippines. Luzon: Pampanga –Candaba. Remarks. Found in all water bodies but European populations have been found to prefer the littoral areas with good vegetation. Tropical and subtropical populations needs to be re-evaluated morphologically to determine if they are similar species or a different taxa ( Kořinek, 2002).

Ceriodaphnia rigaudi Richard, 1894

Synonyms in Philippine literature: None.

Philippine records: Brehm, 1938; Woltereck, 1941; and Cheng & Clemente, 1954.

General geographic distribution: Neotropical and was also noted in India and Australia.

Distribution in the Philippines. Luzon: Batangas –Lake Taal and Taal Volcano Crater Lake; Laguna –Tadlak Lake; National Capital Region–UP Diliman Campus. Leyte: Lake Danao. Negros: Negros Oriental –Lake Balinsasayao.

Remarks. Its taxonomic status is unclear. It is a possible ecomorph of Ceriodaphnia cornuta , but without horns on the head ( Zaret, 1969).

Scapholeberis kingi Sars, 1888

Synonyms in Philippine literature: None.

Philippine records: Brehm, 1938; Mamaril, 1986, 2001.

General geographic distribution: Occurs in tropical and subtropical Australia, Southeast Asia, India, China, Middle- East and Africa.

Distribution in the Philippines. Luzon: Albay –Legaspi; Batangas –Mabitak and Nasugbu; Cagayan – Cagayan; Camarines Sur – Naga; Ilocos Norte –San Nicolas; Laguna – Calamba; National Capital Region– Manila, La Mesa Dam, Marikina, UP Diliman Campus, and Pasig; Manila-Laguna- Rizal: Laguna de Bay; Nueva Ecija –Pantabangan Dam; Quezon –Lumban, Pagbilao; Tarlac –Concepcion. Leyte: Tolosa. Negros: Negros Occidental – Bacolod. Mindanao: Lanao del Sur –Lake Lanao.

Remarks. Prefers littoral zone of lakes with vegetation and can be observed swimming with the ventral side of the valve attached to the water surface ( Dumont & Pensaert, 1983), feeding on the hyponeuston.

Simocephalus acutirostratus ( King, 1853)

Synonyms in Philippine literature: None.

Philippine records: Cheng & Clemete, 1954; Mamaril & Fernando, 1978; Mamaril, 1986, 2001.

General geographic distribution: This species has been recorded from Australia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Venezuela and Africa.

Distribution in the Philippines. Luzon: Bulacan –Bustos Dam; Cagayan – Cagayan; National Capital Region– Marikina and San Juan River.

Remarks. Considered as a species group. The range of this species needs to be re-evaluated as it is usually misused for other species but Australian and Southeast Asian population ranges can be identified with certainty ( Orlova-Bienkowskaja, 2001).

Simocephalus latirostris Stingelin, 1906

Synonyms in Philippine literature: None.

Philippine records: Mamaril & Fernando, 1978; Mamaril, 1986, 2001.

General geographic distribution: Distributed in tropical and subtropical South and Central America. It also has records in Australia and Southeast Asia.

Distribution in the Philippines. Luzon: Albay –Legaspi; Batangas –Nasugbu; Benguet – Baguio; Bulacan –Bustos; Cagayan – Cagayan; Manila-Laguna-Rizal: Laguna de Bay; Nueva Ecija –Cabanatuan, Pantabangan Dam; Pampanga – Candaba; Quezon –Lucban, Pagbilao; Tarlac –Concepcion. Mindoro: Calapan. Mindanao: Lanao del Sur –Lake Lanao. Remarks. Species range outside of South and Central America need to be further evaluated as the name is commonly misused for S. heilongjiangensis (Orlova- Bienkowskaja, 2001).

Simocephalus serrulatus ( Koch, 1841)

Synonyms in Philippine literature: None.

Philippine records: Brehm, 1938.

General geographic distribution: Afrotropical, Australasian, Neartic, Neotropical, Oriental Indomalaya, ad Paleartic.

Distribution in the Philippines. Mindanao: Lanao del Sur –Lake Dangiagan.

Remarks. Variable species found in Europe, Asia, North and South America and Australia. It has many recognised subspecies and molecular analysis is suggested to determine its overall genetic diversity ( Orlova-Bienkowskaja, 2001).

Simocephalus vetulus ( Müller, 1776)

Synonyms in Philippine literature: None.

Philippine records: Brehm, 1938; Woltereck, 1941; Cheng & Clemente, 1954; Mamaril & Fernando, 1978; Mamaril, 1986, 2001.

General geographic distribution: Europe and North Africa. Distribution in the Philippines. Luzon: National Capital Region–San Juan River; Manila-Laguna-Rizal: Laguna de Bay. Mindanao: Lanao del Sur – Lake Lanao .

Remarks. Philippine records needs to be re-evaluated as the species is only found in Europe and North Africa. Possibly misidentified with closely related species such as S. mixtus , S. vetuloides and S. elizabethae ( Yoon & Kim, 2000; Orlova- Bienkowskaja, 2001).