Bradina Lederer, 1863

Guo, Jia-Ming & Du, Xi-Cui, 2023, Five new species of Bradina Lederer (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) from China, with remarks on the morphology of the genus, ZooKeys 1158, pp. 49-67 : 49

Bradina Lederer, 1863

Bradina Lederer, 1863: 424. Type species: Bradina impressalis Lederer, 1863; subsequent designation by Hampson 1896.

Erilita Lederer, 1863: 426. Type species: Erilita modestalis Lederer, 1863, by monotypy.

Pleonectusa Lederer, 1863: 426. Type species: Botys admixtalis Walker, 1859; subsequent designation by Moore 1884.

Trematarcha Meyrick, 1886: 233. Type species: Marasmia erilitalis Felder, Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875; subsequent designation by Klima 1937.

Diagnosis.

Head (Fig. 1A ). Frons rounded. Antenna annulated, male with short cilia ventrally. Labial palpus obliquely upturned, second segment with broad scales ventrally, third joint minute and forward, apex blunt. Maxillary palpus filiform. Thorax. Forewing long and narrow usually; length of cell c. half of wing; discocellulars incurved; R from cell at c. four fifths above; Rs1 anastomosed with Rs2+s3 at base and with a long stalk c. two fifths of Rs3; Rs2 and Rs3 stalked c. three fifths of Rs3; basal half of Rs4 straight and clearly separated from Rs1+s2+s3; M2, M3 and CuA1 uniformly from posterior angle of cell at base (except for B. diagonalis Hampson, 1896); CuA2 from cell at three quarters below. Hindwing with length of cell c. one third of wing; discocellulars incurved; Sc+R and Rs stalked c. one third of Rs; Rs and M1 from anterior angle of cell; M2, M3 and CuA1 uniformly from posterior angle of cell; CuA2 from cell at four fifths below (Fig. 1B ). Legs long and slender; middle tibia with outer distal spur c. half-length of inner spur. Abdomen. Male abdomen long and slender (except for B. melanoperas Hampson, 1896).

Male genitalia. Uncus diverse, apex with setae dorsally. Valva narrow or broad, some with well-developed setal cluster. Saccus developed. Phallus long and cylindrical.

Female genitalia. Papillae anales densely setose. Apophyses anteriores c. twice length of apophyses posteriores. Ostium bursae well developed. Corpus bursae rounded or oval, inside usually densely studded with tiny spines; signum crescent and densely spinose, spines on concave side developed.

Remarks.

The generic characteristics were summarized by Khan (2000), but the description about wing venation was incomplete. In addition, the lengths of the maxillary palpus and labial palpus were identical in Khan’s description, while we found that both have their ends at the same height but they are of different lengths. Therefore, the generic characteristics are revised in the present study.

The bodies of Bradina species are usually brown, yellowish brown, or pale brown, except for a few species with white bodies, and have nearly identical wing markings. The male genitalia, on the other hand, are very diverse among species of this genus. We found that the male genitalia can be divided into three types according to the morphological characteristics of the valvae. The first type, represented by B. admixtalis , have long and narrow valvae; the second type, represented by B. melanoperas , have short and broad valvae; the third type, represented by B. megesalis , have broad valvae in which the costa is arched near the base or middle. Species in the present study have the third valva type, accompanied by the following common characteristics: body brown of various shades. Uncus broad, distal part bilobed, with dense short setae dorsally. Valva broad; costa arched near base or middle and accompanied by a cluster of long setae, usually followed by a depression. Saccus nearly trapezoidal, slightly concaved terminally. Juxta nearly rounded, split posteriorly. Phallus distinctly inflated at anterior end. Apophyses anteriores expanded at c. one third from base.

Key to Bradina species in the present study based on genitalia

1	Sacculus with a cluster of long setae near middle	2
-	Sacculus without long setal cluster	5
2	Phallus with one fusiform cornutus composed of short and blunt spines, and one subcircular sclerotized cornutus	B. fusoidea sp. nov.
-	Phallus with various cornuti, but not as above	3
3	Phallus with three long leaf-like cornuti tapered apically	B. ternifolia sp. nov.
-	Cornuti not as above	4
4	Posterior phallus with two developed spear-like cornuti	B. megesalis
-	Phallus with one short and spiral band-like cornutus tapered at posterior end, along with two lamellar cornuti in posterior half	B. spirella sp. nov.
5	Valva nearly rectangular, broad distally	B. subpurpurescens
-	Valva nearly elliptical or narrowed distally	6
6	Phallus with one broad and spiral band-like cornutus	B. torsiva sp. nov.
-	Phallus with cornutus not as above	7
7	Phallus with one fusiform cornutus medially, and with two lamellar cornuti posteriorly. Ductus bursae slender, membranous	B. translinealis
-	Phallus with one small fusiform cornutus anteriorly, and with two sickle-shaped cornuti posteriorly. Ductus bursae relatively thick, slightly sclerotized medially	B. falciculata sp. nov.

Figures

Figure 1. Bradina megesalis, male A head B wing venation, wing slide no. GJM 21001. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A); 1.0 mm (B).