Bufo crucifer Wied, 1821

Vanzolini, Paulo E. & Myers, Charles W., 2015, The Herpetological Collection Of Maximilian, Prince Of Wied (1782 - 1867), With Special Reference To Brazilian Materials, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2015 (395), pp. 1-155 : 78

Bufo crucifer Wied, 1821

1821 Reise 2: 132.

1824 Isis : 672 (diagnosis).

PRESENT STATUS: Bufo crucifer Wied, 1821 ( Rhinella crucifer in Frost, 2014).

REMARKS: Appended to the crucifer definition in the important 1824 Isis is the entry ‘‘? Bufo margaritifer Daud’’— presumably suggesting a resemblance to that species but with no follow-up.

Wied replaced this species in the Beitra¨ge with Bufo ornatus Spix (non Spix). Wied used the same vernacular name and diagnosis for ornatus as he had for B. crucifer ; he considered ornatus and cuciferi to be identical.

Bufo ornatus Spix Plate 53

1821 Reise 2: 13, a mistake for Reise 2: 132 ( Bufo crucifer ), between Corrego Paiabnha and Ribeira˜o da Issara.

1825 Beitra¨ge: 558, Sertong of Ilheus.

1827 Abbildungen: Lief. 11 ( figs. 2–3 of composite pl.).

PRESENT STATUS: Bufo crucifer Wied, 1821 ( Rhinella crucifer in Frost, 2014).

REMARKS: Wied used the same vernacular name and diagnosis as he had for his B. crucifer He considered them identical as is indicated in his manuscript catalog, which is annotated (for species 215): ‘‘ Bufo ornatus sp., ( crucifer Wied ) Brasilien.’’

The name ornatus , however, is not listed in the important 1824 Isis . Wied’s figure 2 in the Abbildungen is his painting from life; figure 3 , labeled ‘‘ Oxyrynchus Spixii ,’’ is an uncolored sketch of the head of a specimen from the Leiden Museum.

Figures

Fig. 2. Pen-and-watercolor sketches dated 1815 and attributed to Prince Maximilian. Top: Gesamtansicht der Expedition (‘‘General View of the expedition’’), showing pack mules, handlers, and military guard. Bottom: Prinz Maximilian mit Teilnehmern seiner Expedition (‘‘Prince Max with members of his expedition’’). From Bosch, 1991: 84–85. (Courtesy of Brazilian Library of Robert Bosch GmbH, Stuttgart)

Fig. 3. Title page from the third volume of Prince Maximilian’s Abbildungen zur Naturgeschichte Brasiliens (Wied, 1822–1831). Illustrated taxa are listed on the volume (Liefererung) title pages, but the contained plates are unnumbered (there are 6 plates in each of 12 Liefererungen). The herpetological plates reproduced herein are arbitrarily numbered 1–56 following the organization of the present work, which reflects the order of species presentation in volume 1 of the Beitra¨ge (fig. 4). Geographic modifiers (Neuwied and Runkel) were dropped from the Wied family name in 1824. After that, ‘‘Wied-Neuwied’’ appeared only on the title pages of the Abbildungen, which had begun publication two years earlier.