CLARIIDAE Bonaparte, 1846

Published, First, 2007, Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types, Zootaxa 1418, pp. 1-628 : 136-148

CLARIIDAE Bonaparte, 1846

Clariini Bonaparte, 1846: 5. Type genus: Clarias Scopoli, 1777 .

Heterobranchoidei Bleeker, 1858b: 33, 37, 41, 333. Type genus: Heterobranchus Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1809 .

Heteropneustidae Hora, 1936a: 209 . Type genus: Heteropneustes Müller, 1840 .

Taxonomic summary: Teugels (1986b, Africa).

Review: Jackson (1959, Nyasaland); Skelton & Teugels (1991, southern Africa); Teugels (1992a, west Africa).

Key to genera: Poll & Gosse (1994, Africa).

Identification guide: Jayaram (1980, South Asia).

Phylogeny: Teugels & Adriens (2003); Diogo et al. (2003a), Agnèse & Teugels (2005, African species); Jansen et al. (2005, anguilliform species).

16 genera, 113 species; including 2 fossil species.

BATHYCLARIAS Jackson, 1959

Bathyclarias Jackson, 1959: 112 . Type species: Clarias longibarbis Worthington, 1933 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine.

Remarks: Removed from the synonymy of Dinotopterus by Anseaume & Teugels (1999).

Species flock evolution: Agnèse & Teugels (2001a).

Bathyclarias euryodon Jackson, 1959

Bathyclarias euryodon Jackson, 1959: 120 , fig. 4. Type locality: Nkata Bay, Lake Nyasa. Holotype: BMNH 1960.2 .29.13.

Distribution: Lake Malawi (Teugels, 1986b, as Dinotopterus euryodon ).

Bathyclarias ilesi Jackson, 1959

Bathyclarias ilesi Jackson, 1959: 116 , fig. 2. Type locality: Nkata Bay, Lake Nyasa. Holotype: BMNH 1960.2 .29.8.

Distribution: Lake Malawi (Teugels, 1986b, as Dinotopterus ilesi ).

Bathyclarias longibarbis (Worthington, 1933)

Clarias longibarbis Worthington, 1933b: 309 , fig. 10. Type locality: Lake Nyasa. Holotype: BMNH 1932.11 .15.592.

Distribution: Lake Malawi (Teugels, 1986b, as Dinotopterus longibarbis ).

Bathyclarias rotundifrons Jackson, 1959

Bathyclarias rotundifrons Jackson, 1959: 118 , fig. 3. Type locality: Lake Nyasa. Holotype: BMNH 1960.2 .29.11.

Distribution: Lake Malawi (Teugels, 1986b, as Dinotopterus rotundifrons ).

Bathyclarias worthingtoni Jackson, 1959

Bathyclarias worthingtoni Jackson, 1959: 123 , fig. 6. Type locality: [Nkata Bay] Lake Nyasa. Holotype: BMNH 1960.2 .29.18.

Distribution: Lake Malawi (Teugels, 1986b, as Dinotopterus worthingtoni ).

CHANNALLABES Günther, 1873

Channallabes Günther, 1873a: 143 . Type species: Gymnallabes apus Günther, 1873 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Feminine. Originally proposed as a subgenus of Gymnallabes .

Channallabes apus (Günther, 1873)

Gymnallabes apus Günther, 1873a: 142 . Type locality: Interior of Ambriz , Angola. Holotype: BMNH 1873.7 .28.16.

Distribution: Congo River basin (Teugels, 1986b).

CLARIALLABES Boulenger, 1900

Clariallabes Boulenger, 1900a: 136 . Type species: Clarias melas Boulenger, 1887 . Type by original designation. Gender: Feminine.

Allabenchelys Boulenger, 1902e: 234 . Type species: Allabenchelys longicauda Boulenger, 1902 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Feminine.

Clariallabes attemsi (Holly, 1927)

Allabenchelys attemsi Holly, 1927b: 202 , fig. 2. Type locality: Kamerun. Holotype: NMW 7897 .

Distribution: Cameroon, known only from an indefinite type locality (Teugels, 1986b).

Clariallabes brevibarbis Pellegrin, 1913

Clariallabes brevibarbis Pellegrin, 1913b: 272 . Type locality: Ngomo (Ogôoué). Holotype: MNHN 1913-0265 .

Distribution: Ogowe River, Gabon (Teugels, 1986b).

Clariallabes centralis (Poll & Lambert, 1958)

Clarias centralis Poll & Lambert, 1958: 334 , figure on p. 335. Type locality: Kunungu ( Congo). Holotype: MRAC 29659 .

Distribution: Central Congo River system (Teugels, 1986b).

Clariallabes heterocephalus Poll, 1967

Clariallabes heterocephalus Poll, 1967: 233 , fig. 108. Type locality: Poste de Cuílo , Xá-Ua, riv. Luíta, (8º02'S, 19º25'E), Angola. Holotype: MRAC 162082 .

Distribution: Luita River, Angola (Teugels, 1986b).

Clariallabes laticeps (Steindachner, 1911)

Allabenchelys laticeps Steindachner, 1911d: 532 . Type locality: Mawambi, Ituri– Flüss. Syntypes (9): NMW 7649 (1) , NMW 47988 (1) , NMW 47989 (1) , NMW 479890 (1) , NMW 47991 (1).

Distribution: Ituri River, Aruwimi Basin, Congo River system; known only from type locality (Teugels, 1986b).

Clariallabes longicauda (Boulenger, 1902)

Allabenchelys longicauda Boulenger, 1902e: 234 , pl. 22 (figs. 1–1a). Type locality: Ja River , flowing into the Sanga, an affluent of the right bank of the Congo, French Congo, 250 miles from the coast. Holotype: BMNH 1902.11 .12.129.

Allabenchelys brevior Boulenger, 1903c: 439 . Type locality: Ja River , southern Cameroon. Syntypes (2): BMNH 1903.7.28.194–195 (2).

Distribution: Central Congo River system (Teugels, 1986b).

Clariallabes manyangae (Boulenger, 1919)

Allabenchelys manyangae Boulenger, 1919: 159 . Type locality: Kinkenda (Manyanga), région des Cataractes du Bas-Congo. Syntypes (3): BMNH 1919.8 . 28.12 (1), MRAC 1327 (1) , MRAC 1329 (1).

Distribution: Manyanga, Kinkenda; known only from type locality (Teugels, 1986b).

Clariallabes melas (Boulenger, 1887)

Clarias melas Boulenger, 1887a: 148 . Type locality: Lower Congo. Holotype: BMNH 1887.1 .13.6. Illustrated in Boulenger (1902e: pl. 22, fig. 2), possibly based on the holotype.

Clariallabes melas lembesseensis Fowler, 1949: 259 , figs. 48–52. Type locality: Oka , Congo system. Holotype: ANSP 71906 .

Distribution: Congo River system (Teugels, 1986b).

Clariallabes mutsindoziensis Taverne & De Vos, 1998

Clariallabes mutsindoziensis Taverne & De Vos, 1998: 212 , figs. 1–3. Type locality: Rivière Mutsindozi près de son embouchure dans la Malagarasi à proximité de Gihofi, Burundi, 4º02'– 4º04'S, 30º09'– 30º11'E. Holotype: MRAC 96-31 -P-53.

Distribution: Mutsindozi River, Lake Tanganyika basin, Burundi (Taverne & De Vos, 1998).

Clariallabes petricola Greenwood, 1956

Clariallabes petricola Greenwood, 1956: 556 , fig. 1. Type locality: Nile , about half a mile below the Owen-falls dam, Jinja, Uganda. Holotype: BMNH 1956.10 .9.204.

Distribution: Lake Victoria and the Victoria Nile, near the Owen-falls dam (Teugels, 1986b).

Clariallabes pietschmanni (Güntert, 1938)

Allabenchelys pietschmanni Güntert, 1938: 299 . Type locality: Aus dem Njong [ Cameroon]. Syntypes (26): NMW 46063,? NMW 47933 (1). Also appeared in Güntert (1939: 25).

Distribution: Nyong River; known only from type locality (Teugels, 1986b).

Clariallabes platyprosopos Jubb, 1965

Clariallabes platyprosopos Jubb, 1965: 393 , fig. 1. Type locality: Upper Zambezi River , about 15 miles above the Victoria Falls, Rhodesia. Holotype: AMG P1050 .

Distribution: Upper Zambezi River (Teugels, 1986b).

Clariallabes simeonsi Poll, 1941

Clariallabes simeonsi Poll, 1941a: 4 , figs. 2, 5. Type locality: Uélé , rivières Mosongolia , Mekokpa, et Matanga [Precise locality of holotype not stated], Congo belge. Holotype: IRSNB 61 .

Distribution: Uélé River, Congo River basin (Teugels, 1986b).

Clariallabes teugelsi nomen novum

Clarias (Allabenchelys) dumerili longibarbis David & Poll, 1937: 232, fig. 21. Type locality: Léopoldville, Congo Belge. Syntypes: MRAC 44011–013 (3). Preoccupied by Clarias longibarbis Worthington, 1933 .

Distribution: central Congo River basin (Teugels, 1986b).

Remarks: The name Clarias (Allabenchelys) dumerili longibarbis David & Poll is a junior primary homonym of Clarias longibarbis Worthington and, as such, was permanently invalid upon publication. The species was treated as valid, as Clariallabes dumerili David & Poll, 1937, by Teugels (1986b: 67). However, Clariallabes dumerili was not proposed as an available name in David & Poll and it also was not made available by action of Teugels. Teugels (1986b) lists no available synonyms for this name, so the name Clariallabes teugelsi is proposed here as a replacement for Clarias (Allabenchelys) dumerili longibarbis to provide a valid name for this species.

Clariallabes uelensis (Poll, 1941)

Clarias (Allabenchelys) uelensis Poll, 1941a: 14 , fig. 6. Type locality: rivières Mosongolia, Mekokpa, et Matanga, région Ibembo, Uélé [precise locality of holotype not stated.]. Holotype: IRSNB 63 .

Distribution: Mosongolia, Mekokpa or Matanga Rivers, known only from types (Teugels, 1986b).

Clariallabes variabilis Pellegrin, 1926

Clariallabes variabilis Pellegrin, 1926: 201 . Type locality: Dumbi ..., Kabambaie ...., Belenge ...., Tshimbu ..., Kamaiembi; Congo Belge. Syntypes (13): MNHN 1926-0151 (1) , MNHN 1926-0152 (1) , MNHN 1926-0153 (1) , MNHN 1926-0154 (1) , MRAC 19689 (1) , MRAC 19690 (1) , MRAC 19692 (1) , MRAC 19694 (1) , MRAC 19696 (1) , MRAC 19702 (1) , MRAC 19712 (1) , MRAC 19713 (1) , MRAC 19714 (1).

Distribution: Congo River system (Teugels, 1986b).

CLARIAS Scopoli, 1777

Chlarias Scopoli, 1777: 455 . Type species: Silurus anguillaris Linnaeus 1758 . Type by subsequent designation by Teugels & Roberts (1987). Gender: Masculine. First published without any included species; names apparently first added by Cuvier, 1816, but spelled Clarias therein. Scopoli based his name on Clarias Gronovius , a name published in a work that was rejected as non binomial (ICZN, opinion 261), but with an unexplained change in spelling. Spelling in Scopoli not followed in recent literature and not used here.`

Macropteronotus La Cepède, 1803: 84 . Type species: Macropteronotus charmuth La Cepède, 1803 . Type by subsequent designation, apparently by Jordan (1917). Gender : Masculine.

Clarias Cuvier, 1816: 206 . Type species not clearly established and may not have been proposed inasmuch as the name has been generally attributed to Scopoli or Gronovius. Proposed originally with two species. Gender: Masculine.

Cossyphus M’Clelland, 1844a: 403 . Type species: Cossyphus ater M’Clelland, 1844 . Type by monotypy. Gender: Masculine. Preoccupied several times, first by Cossyphus Olivier, 1791 , in Insecta ; replaced by Phagorus M’Clelland, 1844 .

Phagorus M’Clelland, 1844b: 225 [errata]. Type species: Cossyphus ater M’Clelland, 1844 . Type by being a replacement name. Gender: Masculine. Replacement for Cossyphus M’Clelland, 1844 ; preoccupied by Cossyphus Olivier, 1791 .

Dinotopteroides Fowler, 1930: 41 . Type species: Dinotopteroides prentissgrayi Fowler, 1930 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine.

Prophagorus Smith, 1939: 236 . Type species: Clarias nieuhofii Valenciennes, 1840 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine.

Anguilloclarias Teugels, 1982a: 13 . Type species: Clarias theodorae Weber, 1897 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine. Originally proposed as a subgenus of Clarias .

Brevicephaloides Teugels, 1982a: 14 . Type species: Clarias camerunensis Lönnberg, 1895 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine. Also appeared in Teugels (1982b: 739). Originally proposed as a subgenus of Clarias .

Clarioides Teugels, 1982a: 12. Type species: Clarias angolensis Steindachner, 1866 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine.

Platycephaloides Teugels, 1982a: 11 . Type species: Clarias platycephalus Boulenger, 1902 . Type by original designation. Gender: Masculine. Originally as a subgenus of Clarias . Also appeared in Teugels (1982b: 736).

Remarks: Clarioides was first proposed as subgenus of Clarias in David & Poll (1937: 231) but without a type species and, therefore, cannot be treated as available from that publication [ICZN Art. 13.3]. Heterobranchoides was first proposed as a subgenus of Clarias by David (1935: 82, 99), but was not assigned a type species and the name is, therefore, not available from that publication. The name appears again in David & Poll (1937: 230), but as a synonym of Clarias and not as a valid name. It is, therefore, also not available from that reference. See Teugels (1983) for comments on the validity of Dinotopteroides as a natural subgroup of Clarias .

Review: Debouche et al. (1979), Teugels (1982c, 1986a, African species).

Clarias agboyiensis Sydenham, 1980

Clarias (Clarioides) agboyiensis Sydenham, 1980: 660 , figs. 1–2. Type locality: Agboyi Creek , a ditributary of the Ogun, Lagos State, south-west Nigeria, 6º36'N, 5º24'E. Holotype: BMNH 1959.8 .18.66.

Clarias (Clarioides) isheriensis Sydenham, 1980: 663 , figs. 3–4. Type locality: Energo Project site, Lagos-Badagry expressway, Lagos State, Nigeria, 6º29'N, 3º15'E. Holotype: BMNH 1976.3 .17.3.

Distribution: West Africa, from Ghana to Nigeria (Teugels, 1986b).

Clarias albopunctatus Nichols & La Monte, 1953

Clarias albopunctatus Nichols & La Monte, 1953: 1 , fig. 1. Type locality: Kotto River, about 225 miles north of Bangassou, eastern French Equatorial Africa. Holotype: AMNH 19840 ; holotype illustrated by Teugels (1986a: 94, fig. 49).

Distribution: Lake Chad, Benue River and central Congo River (Teugels, 1986b).

Clarias alluaudi Boulenger, 1906

Clarias Alluaudi Boulenger, 1906b: 437 . Type locality: Entebbe and Bunuako; [and] Kavirondo Bay, Lake Victoria [restricted to Bunuako by lectotype designation]. Lectotype: BMNH 1906.5 .30.159, designated by Teugels (1986a: 120); lectotype illustrated by Seegers (1996: fig. 144).

Clarias hilgendorfi Boulenger, 1911c: 54 . Type locality: Lake Rukwa. Holotype: BMNH 1911.3.27.41; illustrated in Seegers (1996: fig. 146).

Distribution: Lakes Victoria, Kyoga, Edward, Rukwa and Tanganyika (Teugels, 1986b).

Clarias anfractus Ng, 1999

Clarias anfractus Ng, 1999d: 18 , figs. 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a. Type locality: Borneo: Sabah, Danum , forest stream 600 m into conservation area, tributary of Sungai Segama. Holotype: ZRC 42598.

Distribution: Segama and Kalabakan River drainages, northeastern Borneo (Ng, 1999d).

Clarias angolensis Steindachner, 1866

Clarias angolensis Steindachner, 1866: 766 , pl. 13 (figs. 4, 7). Type locality: Angola. Holotype: NMW 46891; holotype illustrated in Teugels (1986a: 68, fig. 35).

Clarias brevinuchalis Lönnberg & Rendahl, 1922: 123 , fig. 2. Type locality: Upper Congo. Holotype: NRM 9640 .

Clarias confluentus Nichols & La Monte, 1933b: 3 , fig. 3. Type locality: Luluabourg , Kasai District, Belgian Congo. Holotype: AMNH 12340 .

Clarias (Clarioides) curtus Matthes, 1964: 102 , pl. 4a. Type locality: Rivière Kululu (mare), Zaïre. Holotype: MRAC 138667 .

Distribution: Lower and Central Congo River system (Teugels, 1986b).

Clarias anguillaris (Linnaeus, 1758)

Silurus anguillaris Linnaeus, 1758: 305 . Type locality: Nile. Syntype: NRM LP 71 .

Clarias Hasselquistii Valenciennes , in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840b: 362 (280 in Strasbourg deluxe edition), pl. 446. Type locality: Nil. Syntypes: MNHN b-0287 (1), MNHN b-0288 (2).

Clarias Senegalensis Valenciennes , in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840b: 376 (279 in the Strasbourg deluxe edition). Type locality: Sénégal. Syntypes: MNHN a-8667 (1, dry), MNHN a-9429 (1, dry).

Clarias parvimanus Günther, 1864: 15 . Type locality: Nile. Holotype: BMNH 1859.7 .29.21.

Clarias budgetti Boulenger, 1900e: 513 . Type locality: River Gambia. Syntypes (3): BMNH 1901.7.17.4–6 (3).

Clarias anguillaris nigeriensis Pellegrin, 1923a: 213 . Type locality: Branche nontante de la boucle du Niger entre Mopti et Niafunké. Holotype: MNHN 1922-0161 (skull).

Distribution: Niger, Benoue, Gambia, lower Senegal and lower and middle Nile Rivers; Chad system; coastal rivers of Benin, Togo, Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire; and relict populations in Mauritania and southern Algeria (Teugels, 1986b).

Remarks: Teugels & Roberts (1987: 95) list NRM LP 71 as the holotype of Silurus anguillaris , however, the original description of that species lists a range of meristic values that implies that more than one specimen contributed to the diagnosis. Thus, the specimen mentioned by Teugel & Roberts must be considered a syntype. See Benech et al. (1993) for characters that distinguish this species from Clarias gariepinus .

Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Silurus batrachus Linnaeus, 1758: 305 . Type locality: Africa, Asia. Syntypes: Whereabouts unknown [not NRM LP 71 as reported by Fernholm & Wheeler (1983: 219–220); see discussion in Teugels & Roberts (1987: 95)].

Macropteronotus jagur Hamilton, 1822: 145 , 374. Type locality: in ponds and ditches [Ganges River]. No types known.

Macropteronotus magur Hamilton, 1822: 146 , 374, pl. 26 (fig. 45). Type locality: in ponds and ditches [Ganges River]. No types known.

Plotosus (Clarias) hamiltonii Swainson, 1839: 307 . Type locality: in ponds and ditches [Ganges River]. No types known. On “Ham. 146, pl. 26, f. 45” [= Hamilton (1822: 146, pl. 26, fig. 45)]. Unneeded new name for Macropteronotus magur Hamilton, 1822 .

Clarias punctatus Valenciennes , in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840b: 384 (285 in the Strasbourg deluxe edition). Type locality: Java. Holotype (10 pouces): at MNHN, whereabouts unknown.

Distribution: Widely distributed in South and Southeast Asia.

Remarks: More than one species is included within what is currently called Clarias batrachus . A clarification of the situation requires both demarcation of species and replacement of the missing primary types of Macropteronotus jagur and M. magur .

Clarias batu Lim & Ng, 1999

Clarias batu Lim & Ng, 1999: 157 , figs. 1, 2, 4a, 5a, 7. Type locality: Sungai Baharu , on right side of Tekek-Juara trail, towards Juara, Pulau Tioman, Pahang, Malaysia. Holotype: ZRC 40087.

Distribution: Peninsular Malaysia.

? Clarias brachysoma Günther, 1864

Clarias brachysoma Günther, 1864: 20 . Type locality: Ceylon. Syntypes: BMNH 1859.5.31.6–8 (3).

Distribution: Sri Lanka.

Clarias buettikoferi Steindachner, 1894

Clarias bulumae Steindachner, 1894: 55 . Type locality: Buluma , Liberia. Holotype: RMNH 3340 . Originally as: Clarias bulumae n. sp.?

Clarias Büttikoferi Steindachner, 1894: 53 . Type locality: Buluma , Liberia. Holotype: registered at RMNH, but apparently not returned by Steindachner (Teugels, 1986a: 88).

Clarias liberiensis Steindachner, 1894: 54 , pl. 3 (fig. 2). Type locality: Buluma und aus dem Junk-flusse, Liberia [restricted to Junk-Flusse by lectotype designation]. Lectotype: RMNH 3342 , designated by Sydenham (1978: 355); lectotype illustrated by Teugels (1986a: 47, fig. 47).

Clarias guineensis Osório, 1909: 104 , pl. (fig. 3). Type locality: Guinée, Bolama, Postugo. Holotype: MB (destroyed).

Clarias dorsimarmoratus Ahl, 1937a: 239 . Type locality: 40–50 km landeinwärts Freetown , Sierra Leone. Holotype: ZMB 20939.

Distribution: Comoe River, Côte d’Ivoire, to Guinea Bissau (Teugels, 1986b).

Remarks: Teugels (1986a: 88) appears to be the first to treat all three Steindachner names as synonyms and thus acted as first reviser in selecting Clarias buettikoferi as the valid name for the species.

Clarias buthupogon Sauvage, 1879

Clarias buthupogon Sauvage, 1879: 96 . Type locality: Doumé [Fleuve Ogôoué]. Holotype: MNHN a-0896; holotype illustrated by Teugels (1986a: 80, fig. 44).

Clarias megapogon Sauvage, 1880c: 39 . Type locality: Doumé [Fleuve Ogôoué]. Holotype: MNHN a-0896. Either an emendation or lapsus calami for Clarias buthupogon Sauvage.

Clarias zygouron Nichols & Griscom, 1917: 704 , fig. 18. Type locality: Malela , Congo. Holotype: AMNH 6698 .

Clarias lindicus Boulenger, 1920a: 26 , fig. 13. Type locality: Bafwasende sur la Lindi , Congo Belge. Holotype: MRAC 7112 .

Clarias obscurus Poll, 1948: 22 , figs. 8–9. Type locality: Pweto , Lac Moero. Holotype: IRSNB 86 .

Chlarias angolensis macronema Fowler, 1949: 257 , figs. 43–47. Type locality: Oka , 18 mi. north of Eovo, Congo system. Holotype: ANSP 71903 .

Distribution: Coastal rivers, from Nigeria to the Congo River system (Teugels, 1986b).

Clarias camerunensis Lönnberg, 1895

Clarias camerunensis Lönnberg, 1895: 182 . Type locality: Cameroons. Lectotype: ZMUU 283 (88 mm TL, largest specimen); lectotype illustrated in, and designated by, Teugels (1986a: 154, fig. 85).

Clarias walkeri Günther, 1896a: 274 , pl. 14 (fig. b). Type locality: Ogowe River. Holotype: BMNH 1896.5 .5.54.

Clarias breviceps Boulenger, 1900a: 135 , pl. 48 (fig. 6). Type locality: Marais Scala N’toto, Mayumbe. Syntypes: BMNH 1899.11 . 27.93 (1), MRAC 271 (1).

Clarias poensis Boulenger, 1908b: 1078 , fig. 252. Type locality: Fernando Po. Holotype: BMNH 1904.7 .23.49.

Clarias monkei Keilhack, 1910: 119 . Type locality: in einem Kleinen Bache im Urwald 2 km südlich von Logobaba (4º2'N, 9º45'Ö), Kamerun. Syntypes (3): ZMB 17769 (3).

Clarias duchaillui Fowler, 1915a: 226 , fig. 7. Type locality: Gaboon. Holotype: ANSP 8567 [but published as ANSP 8568 ].

Clarias nigeriae Popta, 1919: 4 . Type locality: Wari , mouth of the Niger, West Africa. Holotype: RMNH 10332 .

Clarias (Allabenchelys) submarginatus thysvillensis David & Poll, 1937: 231. Type locality: Grottes de Thysville , Congo Belge. Holotype: MRAC 37550 .

Distribution: Coastal rivers of Togo to the lower and central Congo River system (Teugels, 1986b).

Clarias cataractus (Fowler, 1939)

Phagorus cataractus Fowler, 1939: 54 , figs. 1–3. Type locality: Waterfall at Trang, Siam. Holotype: ANSP 68462 .

Distribution: Peninsular Thailand and, possibly, Cambodia (Rainboth, 1996).

Clarias cavernicola Trewavas, 1936

Clarias cavernicola Trewavas, 1936 , 70, pl. 2 (figs. 7–9). Type locality: Aigamas Cave , north of Otavi, South-West Africa. Lectotype: BMNH 1935.3 .20.174, designated by Teugels (1986a: 134).

Distribution: Caves of south west Africa (Teugels, 1986b).

Clarias dayi Hora, 1936

Clarias dayi Hora, 1936b: 350 , figs. 3, 4c. Type locality: Wynaad [ India]. Holotype: at ZSI [on “Day’s Wynaad specimen”].

Distribution: Tamil Nadu, India (Manimekalan & Arunachalam (2002).

Remarks: Treated in current literature as valid or as a synonym of Clarias dussumieri Valenciennes, 1840 .

Clarias dhonti (Boulenger, 1920)

Allabenchelys dhonti Boulenger, 1920c: 402 , fig. 8. Type locality: Kabeke, a village 30 miles south of Tumbwe, on the Niemba River, near the west coast of Lake Tanganyika. Syntypes (10): BMNH 1919.7.24.20–27 (8), MNHN 1919-0467 (1), MRAC 6991 (1). One syntype ( MRAC 6991 ) illustrated in Teugels (1986a: 176, fig. 91) but incorrectly listed therein as the holotype .

Distribution: Niemba River, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Teugels, 1986b).

Clarias dialonensis Daget, 1962

Clarias dialonensis Daget, 1962: 120 , fig. 39; pl. 11 (fig. 26). Type locality: Bafing près Mamou (Fouta Dialon). Lectotype: MNHN 1959-0107 ; lectotype illustrated in, and designated by, Teugels (1986a: 145, fig. 81) as Clarias laeviceps dialonensis .

Distribution: Fouta Dialon, Guinea, and coastal rivers of Sierra Leone (Teugels, 1986b).

Remarks: Treated by Teugels (1986a: 145; 1986b: 88) as a subspecies of Clarias laeviceps .

Clarias dumerilii Steindachner, 1866

Clarias Dumerilii Steindachner, 1866: 766 , pl. 14 (fig. 5). Type locality: Angola. Neotype: BMNH 1864.7 .13.42, designated by Teugels (1986a: 148).

Clarias ngola Lönnberg & Rendahl, 1920: 170 , fig. 1. Type locality: Kingoyi , Lower Congo. Holotype: NRM 9908 .

Clarias lualae Lönnberg & Rendahl, 1922: 122 , fig. 1. Type locality: Luala River , tributary of the Congo, near Kinkenge, Congo basin. Syntypes: NRM 39931 (2).

Distribution: central and upper Congo River system and the Luapula system (Teugels, 1986b).

Clarias dussumieri Valenciennes, 1840

Clarias Dussumieri Valenciennes , in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840b: 382 (283 in the Strasbourg deluxe edition). Type locality: Malabar, ... Mahé, ... Pondicherry. Syntypes: MNHN b-0686 (3), MNHN b-0687 (1).

Distribution: South Asia.

Clarias ebriensis Pellegrin, 1920

Clarias ebriensis Pellegrin, 1920: 118 . Type locality: Eau stagnante près Bingerville, Côte d’Ivoire. Lectotype: MNHN 1920-0037 , designated by Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde (1981: 18); lectotype illustrated by Teugels (1986a: 131, fig. 72).

Clarias dahomeyensis Güntert, 1938: 296 . Type locality: Porto Novo , Dahomey. Syntypes: NMW 46922 (18), NMW 469223 (9).

Distribution: Coastal rivers and lagoons from Nigeria to Côte d’Ivoire (Teugels, 1986b).

Clarias engelseni (Johnsen, 1926)

Allabenchelys engelseni Johnsen, 1926: 8 , figs. 2–3. Type locality: Aluma , Ramadalla and Yei, Sudan. Syntypes (15): BMNH 1925.12 .30.11 (1), ZMUB 4131 a–b (2), ZMUB 4132 a–e (3 + 2 skeletons).

Distribution: Sudan (Teugels, 1986b).

† Clarias falconeri Lydekker, 1886

† Clarias falconeri Lydekker, 1886: 247 , pl. 37, fig. 1. Type locality: Siwalik Hills , India. Lower Pliocene. Holotype: BMNH 16402 b (middle part of skull).

Distribution: Siwalik Hills, India; Lower Pliocene.

Clarias fuscus (La Cepède, 1803)

Macropteronotus fuscus La Cepède, 1803: 84 , 88, pl. 2 (fig. 2). Type locality: China. No types known; based on an unpublished painting.

Clarias pulicaris Richardson, 1845: 135 , pl. 62 (figs. 5–6). Type locality: Canton , China. Holotype: BMNH 1968.3 .11.21 (larger of two specimens).

Distribution: Ishigakijama, Japan; Taiwan, and south China (Masuda et al., 1984); northeastern Laos, and northern Vietnam (Kottelat, 2001a).

Clarias gabonensis Günther, 1867

Clarias Gabonensis Günther, 1867b: 111 . Type locality: River Ogowe , Gaboon. Holotype: BMNH 1867.5 .22.3.

Clarias dolloi Boulenger, 1896a: 311 . Type locality: Monsembe , upper Congo. Syntypes: BMNH 1896.3.9.18–20 (3).

Clarias congicus Poll, 1942a: 6 , figs. 2–3. Type locality: Lac Tumba , Congo belge. Holotype: MRAC 57759 .

Distribution: Lower and middle Congo River system, including Lake Tumba and the Pool Malebo; Chiloango system and Ogowe River (Teugels, 1986b).

Remarks: Redescription and comments on status (Teugels, 1982b).

Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)

Silurus (Heterobranchus) Gariepinus Burchell, 1822: 425 (footnote), figure on p. 445. Type locality: Vaal River at Smidtsdrift, above confluence with Riet River, Cape Province, South Africa (28º42'10"S, 24º04'29"E), by neotype designation. Neotype: SAIAB 520 , illustrated in Skelton & Teugels (1992: fig. 2). Neotype designated by Teugels (1986a: 35), or Skelton & Teugels (1992: 1) [see Remarks, below].

Clarias capensis Valenciennes , in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840b: 377 (279 in the Strasbourg deluxe edition). Type locality: Cap de Bonne-Espérience (in error). Holotype: MNHN a-9431 (dry).

Clarias lazera Valenciennes , in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840b: 372 (275 in the Strasbourg deluxe edition). Type locality: Nil. Syntypes (3, plus one skeleton): MNHN 0000-1578 (1).

Clarias Syriacus Valenciennes , in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840b: 375 (275 in the Strasbourg deluxe edition). Type locality: Syrie. Holotype: MNHN a-9426.

Clarias mossambicus Peters, 1852: 682 . Type locality: Tette, Mozambique. Syntypes: possibly FMNH 54274 (1) , ZMB 3068 (1) , ZMB 6591 (1) , ZMB 6592 (1) , ZMB 6593 (1).

Clarias macracanthus Günther, 1864: 16 . Type locality: Upper Nile. Syntypes (5, one a skeleton): BMNH 1855.12 . 26.453 (1), BMNH 1862.6 .17.51 (1), BMNH 1866.9.9.67–68 (2).

Clarias orontis Günther, 1864: 15 . Type locality: Orontes. Syntype: BMNH 1855.6.25.3. On Silurus anguillaris of Russell (1794: 217, pl. 8) and Clarias of Gronovius (1763: 100).

Clarias xenodon Günther, 1864: 16 . Type locality: Senegal, West Africa. Holotype: BMNH 1863.7 . 30.3.

Clarias robecchii Vinciguerra, 1893: 450 . Type locality: Uebi Scebeli [ Somalia]. Syntypes: MSNG 8138 (2).

Clarias smithii Günther, 1896b: 219 , fig. 1. Type locality: middle course of the Shebeli Somaliland. Holotype: BMNH 1895.12 .31.65.

Clarias guentheri Pfeffer, 1896: 28 . Type locality: Sansibar. Syntypes: Based on specimens identified as Clarius gariepinus in Playfair & Günther (1867: 113), including BMNH 1867.3 .9.388 (1, stuffed) and BMNH 1867.3 .9.581 (stuffed, not found) and literature sources.

Clarias microphthalmus Pfeffer, 1896: 28 . Type locality: Mbake, Ugogo, Bubu, Deutsch Ost-Africa. Holotype: ZMH H477 .

Clarias longiceps Boulenger, 1899b: 103 , pl. 41 (fig. 1). Type locality: Boma swamps, [ Congo basin]. Syntypes: BMNH 1899.11.27.15–17 (3), MRAC 902–905 (4) , MRAC 906–910 (5) , MRAC 911–915 (5) , MRAC 916–920 (5) , MRAC 921–922 (2).

Clarias moorii Boulenger, 1901d: 13 . Type locality: Lake Albert. Holotype: BMNH 1905.9 .7.47.

Clarias tsanensis Boulenger, 1902c: 438 . Type locality: Lake Tsana , Abyssinia. Syntypes (5): BMNH 1902.12.13.441–443 (3).

Clarias vinciguerrae Boulenger, 1902c: 438 . Type locality: Awhorra , Kassam River, Abyssinia. Holotype: BMNH 1902.12 .13.444.

Clarias malaris Nichols & Griscom, 1917: 705 , fig. 19. Type locality: Stanleyville , Congo. Holotype: AMNH 6441 .

Clarias notozygurus Lönnberg & Rendahl, 1922: 125 , fig. 3. Type locality: Lukosi, a tributary to Luala , Lower Congo. Holotype: NRM 9933 .

Clarias depressus Myers, 1925a: 12 . Type locality: water hole of a hippopotamus, on the Albano River about 6 km. west of Addagalla, Abyssinia. Syntypes: AMNH 8204 (2).

Clarias mülleri Pietschmann, 1939: 184 . Type locality: Eritrea. Holotype: at Museo di Trieste.

Distribution: Nearly Pan African, as well as Asia Minor (Teugels, 1986b); introduced into Laos (Kottelat, 2001b).

Remarks: Teugels (1986a: 35) cites “Bruton & Teugels (1986)” as source of neotype designation of Silurus (Heterobranchus) gariepinus Burchell. That publication has not been found and may not have preceded Teugels (1986a). Tentatively, Teugels (1986a) is considered the actual source of neotype designation. Seegers (1996: 206) was similarly unable to locate the Bruton & Teugels source and, instead, cited Skelton & Teugels (1992) as source of the actual neotype designation. See Benech et al. (1993) for characters that distinguish this species from Clarias anguillaris .

Clarias hilli Fowler, 1936

Clarias hilli Fowler, 1936b: 299 , figs. 59–62. Type locality: Saidi's Village , Belgian Congo. Holotype: ANSP 65879 .

Clarias gracilis Fowler, 1936b: 303 , figs. 75–78. Type locality: Saidi's Village , Belgian Congo. Holotype: ANSP 66098 .

Distribution: middle Congo River system and Lake Albert (Teugels, 1986b).

Remarks: Teugels (1986b: 181) gave precedence to Clarias hilli and placed C. gracilis as a synonym, thereby acting as first reviser.

Clarias insolitus Ng, 2003

Clarias insolitus Ng, 2003 h: 2, figs. 1, 2a. Type locality: Borneo: Kalimantan Tengah, Barito River drainage, small stream flowing into Sungai Rekut (tributary of Sungai Busang ) about 1.5 km upstream from the Project Barito Ulu base camp on Sungai Busang. Holotype: MZB 6112 .

Distribution: Barito River basin, southern Borneo (Ng, 2003h).

Clarias intermedius Teugels, Sudarto & Pouyaud, 2001

Clarias intermedius Teugels, Sudarto & Pouyaud, 2001: 86 , fig. 5. Type locality: Palangkaraya market, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Holotype: MZB 10574.

Distribution: Central Kalimantan, between the Sampit and Barito river basins, Borneo (Teugels et al., 2001).

Clarias jaensis Boulenger, 1909

Clarias jaensis Boulenger, 1909: 188 . Type locality: Ja River at Bitye , South Cameroon. Lectotype: BMNH 1909.4 .29.77, designated by Teugels (1986a: 55). Illustrated in Boulenger (1911a: 242, fig. 201).

Clarias cameronensis Holly, 1927c: 422 , unnumbered figure. Type locality: Nachtigalschnellen des Sanagaflussses. Holotype: NMW 13374. Considered by Pellegrin (1929b) to be preoccupied by Clarias camerunensis Lönnberg, 1895 ; replaced by Clarias Hollyi Pellegrin, 1929 .

Clarias Hollyi Pellegrin, 1929b: 359 (footnote). Type locality: Nachtigalschnellen des Sanagaflussses. Holotype: NMW 13374. Replacement for Clarias cameronensis Holly, 1927 ; considered preoccupied by Clarias camerunensis Lönnberg, 1895 .

Clarias (Clarioides) aboinensis Sydenham & Olawoye, 1981: 234 , fig. 1. Type locality: Ugbenu market, near Ologbo, Bendel State, Nigeria. Holotype: BMNH 1980.5 .12.1.

Distribution: southeast Nigeria, south Cameroon and Gabon (Teugels, 1986b).

Clarias kapuasensis Sudarto, Teugels & Pouyaud, 2003

Clarias kapuasensis Sudarto, Teugels & Pouyaud, 2003: 156 , figs. 2a–b. Type locality: Nanga Pinoh in peat swamp bordering the river Melawi in the upper part of the Kapuas River, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Holotype: MZB 10965.

Distribution: Kapuas River basin, Borneo (Sudarto, Teugels & Pouyaud, 2003).

Clarias laeviceps Gill, 1862

Clarias laeviceps Gill, 1862: 139 , footnote. Type locality: [probably from Liberia]. Holotype: USNM 4099 ; holotype illustrated by Teugels (1986a: 143, fig. 79).

Clarias kingsleyae Günther, 1903: 334 . Type locality: Odumasi [and] Infoan on the R. Offim , Gold Coast. Syntypes (2): BMNH 1903.4 . 24.65 (1), BMNH 1903.4 .24.66 (1).

Clarias vandenhoutei Poll, 1941b: 137 , fig. 3. Type locality: confluence de la rivière Masei et la rivière Bon de Boan , Côte d’Ivoire. Holotype: MRAC 66360 .

Distribution: from Saint Pauls River, Liberia, to Volta River system, Ghana (Teugels, 1986b).

Remarks: Redescribed in Teugels (1981) with comments on the status of the species.

Clarias lamottei Daget & Planquette, 1967

Clarias lamottei Daget & Planquette, 1967: 279 , fig. 1. Type locality: Aoué Bla, marigot affluent du Nzi, bassin du Bandama près Lamto, Côte d’Ivoire. Holotype: MNHN 1966-1104 ; holotype illustrated by Teugels (1986a: 20, fig. 15).

Distribution: Nzi River, tributary of the Bandama, Côte d’Ivoire (Teugels, 1986b).

Remarks: Considered by Teugels (2003b) as likely to be an intergeneric hybrid between a species of Clarias and Heterobranchus .

Clarias leiacanthus Bleeker, 1851

Clarias leiacanthus Bleeker, 1851e: 430 . Type locality: Sambas, in fluviis. Holotype (160 mm TL): possibly BMNH 1863.12 .4.85 (124 mm SL).

Clarias liacanthus Günther, 1864: 20 . Type locality: Sambas, in fluviis. Holotype: possibly BMNH 1863.12 .4.85 (124 mm SL). Unjustified emendation of Clarias leiacanthus Bleeker, 1851 .

Distribution: Kapuas River (Roberts, 1989a).

Clarias liocephalus Boulenger, 1898

Clarias liocephalus Boulenger, 1898d: 496 . Type locality: Lake Tanganyika. Lectotype or Holotype: BMNH 1898.9 .9.70. Described in more detail and illustrated in Boulenger (1898f: 24, pl. 7, figs. 2, 2a) with locality as Kinyamkolo . BMNH 1898.9 .9.70 illustrated in Seegers (1996: 209, fig. 149) as holotype . The original description did not indicate how many specimens were included in the concept of this species. Recent authors (e. g., Teugels , 1986; Eschmeyer et al., 1998) have interpreted BMNH 1898.9 .9.70 as a holotype , but BMNH 1898.9 .9.71 was registered as the same species from the same locality. Therefore , the two specimens should probably have been treated as syntypes . Since it was unclear whether more than one specimen was involved in the original description, Teugels (1986) interpretation of a holotype made that specimen the lectotype.

Clarias carsonii Boulenger, 1903b: 362 . Type locality: Fwambo , British Central Africa. Holotype: BMNH 1894.12 .20.20.

Clarias neumanni Hilgendorf, 1905: 409 . Type locality: Utim, im Guasso Nyiro in den Nguruman-Salzee fliessend, unter 36ºÖ L., 1º50'S Br. Holotype: at Nairobi Museum , Kenya, but Seegers (1996: 214, fig. 152, bottom) illustrated BMNH 1905.7 .25.49 as the holotype.

Clarias phillipsi Norman, 1925a: 189 , pl. 11. Type locality: Lake Chahafi , S.O. Uganda. Holotype: MCZ 31519.

Clarias ornatus Poll, 1943b: 306 . Type locality: Bururi, Haute Malagarazi , Lac Tanganika. Holotype: MRAC 56002 ; illustrated in Poll (1946: 230, fig. 25).

Clarias youngicus Ricardo-Bertram, 1943: 208 . Type locality: Lake Young , Shiwa Ngandu, (Bangweulu region). Syntypes: BMNH 1943.7.27.377–382 (6).

Distribution: Lakes Victoria, Edward, George, Kivu, Tanganyika, Malawi and small lakes of Uganda and Rwanda; Kagera system, Malagarazi System, Ruzizi River, Tana River, Bangweulu-Moero system (Teugels, 1986b); Lake Rukwa basin (Seegers, 1996).

Clarias longior Boulenger, 1907

Clarias longior Boulenger, 1907b: 51 . Type locality: Kribi and Lobi Rivers, South Cameroon [restricted to Kribi River, by lectotype designation]. Lectotype: BMNH 1904.10 .26.63, designated by Sydenham (1978: 369).

Clarias melanopogon Fowler, 1936b: 301 , figs. 71–74. Type locality: Thirty kilometers east of Kribi, Cameroons. Holotype: ANSP 66075 .

Distribution: Kribi, Lobi and Ntem Rivers of South Cameroon (Teugels, 1986b).

Clarias maclareni Trewavas, 1962

Clarias maclareni Trewavas, 1962: 157 , fig. 3. Type locality: L. Barombi-ma-Mbu, northwestern Cameroons. Holotype: BMNH 1959.8 .18.174.

Distribution: Lake Barombi-ma-Mbu; known only from the type locality (Teugels, 1986b).

Clarias macrocephalus Günther, 1864

Clarias macrocephalus Günther, 1864: 18 . Type locality: Siam. Lectotype: BMNH 1862.11.1.216; lectotype designated by Teugels et al. (1999: 294).

Distribution: Mekong and Chao Phraya River basins, and possibly Philippines (Kottelat, 2001b).

Remarks: Redescribed in Teugels et al. (1999: 294).

Clarias macromystax Günther, 1864

Clarias macromystax Günther, 1864: 17 . Type locality: Gambia [in error]. Holotype: BMNH 1862.5 .20.4.

Distribution: Oueme River, Benin, to the Niger delta and the Niger and Benue Rivers (Teugels, 1986b).

Remarks: Teugels (1986a: 76) indicated that the stated type locality appears to be in error.

Clarias meladerma Bleeker, 1846

Clarias meladerma Bleeker, 1846a: 178 . Type locality: Batavia. Syntypes (size and number not stated): RMNH 13709 (1), RMNH 16413 (1). Illustrated in Bleeker (1862–63: pl. 97 [Silur. pl. 49], fig. 2) as Clarias melanoderma .

Clarias melasoma Bleeker, 1852b: 427 . Type locality: Prabukarta, Borneo austro-orientalis, in flumne Kusan; Palembang, Sumatrae austro-orientalis, in flumine Mussi. Syntypes (2, 170– 300 mm TL): RMNH 6802 (1).

Clarias melanoderma Bleeker, 1858b: 341 . Type locality: Batavia. Syntypes: RMNH 13709 (1), RMNH 16413 (1), RMNH 6802 (1). Unneeded new name for Clarias meladerma Bleeker , and Clarias melasoma Bleeker.

Distribution: Mekong River basin, and Sumatra, Borneo and Java (Kottelat, 2001b); also the Philippines (Rainboth, 1996).

Clarias microstomus Ng, 2001

Clarias microstomus Ng, 2001c: 158 , fig. 1. Type locality: Borneo: Kalimantan Timur, Kayan River drainage, Ladang near Sungai Pingai , 2º0'9.6"N, 115º9'13.8"E. Holotype: MZB 9336 .

Distribution: Mahakam and Kayan River basins, eastern Borneo (Ng, 2001c).

Clarias ngamensis Castelnau, 1861

Ciarias N'gamensis Castelnau, 1861: 63. Type locality: lac N’gami, [now: Lake Ngami , S. W. Africa (17º50'W, 21º00'E), by neotype designation]. Neotype: BMNH 1910.5 .31.27, designated by Teugels (1983: 17). Published name clearly intended as Clarias N'gamensis.

Clarias Mellandi Boulenger, 1905b: 644 . Type locality: Lake Bangwelo. Holotype: BMNH 1905.11 .10.7.

Dinotopterus jallae Gilchrist & Thompson, 1917: 556 , fig. 165. Type locality: Sheskeke , southern Rhodesia. Holotype: SAM 14297 [now at AMG].

Dinotopteroides prentissgrayi Fowler, 1930: 41 , fig. 10. Type locality: Chouzo , Quanza River, Angola. Holotype: ANSP 51798 .

Distribution: Quanza, Cunene, Okavango, Chobe, Zambezi above Victoria Falls, upper Lualaba, Luapula, Pungwe, Buzi, Save, Limpopo, Incomati, lower Pongolo, and lower Sabi River; Lake Ngami, Moero, Bangweulu, and Malawi (Teugels, 1986b).

Clarias nieuhofii Valenciennes, 1840

Clarias Nieuhofii Valenciennes , in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840b: 386 (287 in the Strasbourg deluxe edition). Type locality: Indies. Holotype: MNHN b-0300.

Clarias pentapterus Bleeker, 1851d: 206 . Type locality: Bandjarmassing, in fluviis. Holotype (350 mm TL): Whereabouts unknown.

Clarias gilli Smith & Seale, 1906: 74 , figs. a–b. Type locality: Rio Grande , Mindanao, Philippines. Holotype: USNM 55620 .

Distribution: Sumatra, Kalimantan, India, Thailand and the Philippines (Sudarto et al., 2004); Coastal and, probably, Mekong side of Cardamom Range, Cambodia (Rainboth, 1996).

Clarias nigricans Ng, 2003

Clarias nigricans Ng, 2003 g: 393, figs. 1, 2, 3a. Type locality: Borneo : Kalimantan Timur, market in Samarinda. Holotype: MZB 10705.

Distribution: Mahakam River basin, Borneo (Ng, 2003e).

Clarias nigromarmoratus Poll, 1967

Clarias nigromarmoratus Poll, 1967: 229 , fig. 106. Type locality: Riv. Luíta, Angola. Holotype: MD 6484 .

Distribution: central Congo River system (Teugels, 1986b).

Clarias olivaceus Fowler, 1904

Chlarias olivaceus Fowler, 1904: 499 , pl. 28 (lower figure). Type locality: Padang , Sumatra. Holotype: ANSP 27280 .

Distribution: Highland rivers of western Sumatra (Tan & Ng, 2000).

Clarias pachynema Boulenger, 1903

Clarias pachynema Boulenger, 1903c: 438 . Type locality: Ja River , southern Cameroon. Lectotype: BMNH 1903.7 .28.191, illustrated in, and designated by, Teugels (1980: 686, fig. 61; 214.5 mm TL).

Clarias esamesae Boulenger, 1911e: 372 . Type locality: Esamesa , south Cameroon. Holotype: BMNH 1911.5 .30.28.

Clarias oxycephalus Boulenger, 1913: 67 . Type locality: Nyong River , S. Cameroon. Holotype: BMNH 1913.10 .29.7.

Distribution: Coastal rivers of south Cameroon, Oowe system and central Congo River system (Teugels, 1986b).

Clarias planiceps Ng, 1999

Clarias planiceps Ng, 1999d: 22 , figs. 4b, 5, 6. Type locality: Borneo : Sarawak, Belakin area, Ulu Sungai Anap. Holotype: SMK uncataloged.

Distribution: Upper reaches of the Rajang and Kapuas Rivers, western Borneo, and Kayan River, eastern Borneo (Ng, 1999d).

Clarias platycephalus Boulenger, 1902

Clarias platycephalus Boulenger, 1902d: 35 , pl. 10 (fig. 1). Type locality: Monsembé, Haut-Congo. Holotype: BMNH 1901.12 .21.43.

Clarias ekibondoi Fowler, 1936b: 300 , figs. 63–66. Type locality: Ekibondo's Village , Belgain Congo. Holotype: ANSP 65886 .

Clarias varispinis Fowler, 1936b: 301 , figs. 67–70. Type locality: Nola , Middle Congo. Holotype: ANSP 65887 .

Distribution: lower and central Congo River basin (Teugels, 1986b).

Clarias pseudoleiacanthus Sudarto, Teugels & Pouyaud, 2003

Clarias pseudoleiacanthus Sudarto, Teugels & Pouyaud, 2003: 156 , figs. 2a–b. Type locality: Satong , peat swamp at ca. 30 km after Ketapang on the road to Sudadana, Borneo, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Holotype: MZB 10964.

Distribution: Borneo.

Clarias pseudonieuhofii Sudarto, Teugels & Pouyaud, 2004

Clarias pseudonieuhofii Sudarto, Teugels & Pouyaud, 2004: 15 , fig. 3. Type locality: Semitau , near the Danau Sentarum Reserve, upstream Kapuas R. on the road between Sintang and Putussibau, West Kalimantna, Borneo, Indonesia. Holotype: MZB 10966.

Distribution: Upper Kapuas River, West Kalimantan, Borneo (Sudarto et al., 2004: 16).

Clarias salae Hubrecht, 1881

Clarias salae Hubrecht, 1881: 68 . Type locality: St. Paul’s River , Liberia. Lectotype: RMNH 5373 (smallest specimen); lectotype illustrated in, and designated by, Teugels (1986a: 103, fig. 54).

Distribution: Konkoure system, Guinea, to the Cavally River, Côte d’Ivoire (Teugels, 1986b).

Clarias stappersii Boulenger, 1915

Clarias Stappersii Boulenger, 1915: 168 . Type locality: Ruisseau affluent de la Lukinda, Tanganika-Moero. Holotype: MRAC 14139 .

Distribution: Luapula-Moero system, Kafue River, upper Zambezi River and Cunene River (Teugels, 1986b).

Clarias submarginatus Peters, 1882

Clarias submarginatus Peters, 1882: 74 . Type locality: Westafrica ( Tooxlong River). Lectotype: ZMB 11895 (largest specimen), designated by Sydenham (1978: 358); lectotype illustrated by Teugels (1986a: 107, fig. 56).

Clarias hollyi Fowler, 1936b: 304 , figs. 79–82. Type locality: Thirty kilometers east of Kribi, Cameroons. Holotype: ANSP 66118 . Preoccupied by Clarias hollyi Pellegrin, 1929 ; apparently not replaced.

Distribution: Kribi and Lobi Rivers, south Cameroon (Teugels, 1986b).

Clarias sulcatus Ng, 2004

Clarias sulcatus Ng, 2004d: 290 , fig. 1. Type locality: Malaysia: Terengganu: Pulau Redang , stream on east slope of west ridge. Holotype: ZRC 22666.

Distribution: Rendang Island, off northeastern Malay Peninsula (Ng, 2004d).

Clarias teijsmanni Bleeker, 1857

Clarias Teijsmanni Bleeker, 1857a: 344 . Type locality: Tjikoppo, provinciae Buitenzorg , 900 metr. p.m. supra mare [Java]. Holotype (110 mm TL): possibly AMS B.8031 (1), or BMNH 1863.12 .4.62 (1).

Clarias pulcher Popta, 1904: 179 . Type locality: le Howong, Bornéo central. Holotype RMNH 7542 ; described in more detail, with illustration of holotype, in Popta (1906: pl. 1, fig. 2).

Distribution: Kapuas River, Borneo (Roberts, 1989a), and Java.

Clarias theodorae Weber, 1897

Clarias theodorae Weber, 1897: 150 . Type locality: Natal: Umhloti-Fluss, Süd-Afrika. Holotype: ZMA 100647 ; holotype illustrated by Teugels (1986a: 111, fig. 58).

Clarias amplexicauda Boulenger, 1902d: 36 , pl. 10 (fig. 2). Type locality: Banzyville, [Haut Ubangi]. Holotype: MRAC 1158 .

Clarias Fouloni Boulenger, 1905b: 644 . Type locality: Lake Bangwelo. Holotype: BMNH 1905.11 .10.8.

Clarias macrurus Boulenger, 1915: 168 . Type locality: Ruisseau affluent de la Lukinda, Tanganika-Moero. Holotype: MRAC 14256 .

Distribution: Zambezi, Kafue, Shire, upper Congo, Chobe, Okavango, Cunene, Pungwe, Sabi, Lundi, Limpopo, Incomati, Pongola, Umgeni rivers; Lakes Tanganyika, Bangweulu Kobo, Niumbe, Mweru, Malawi, and Sibaya (Teugels, 1986b).

Clarias werneri Boulenger, 1906

Clarias Werneri Boulenger, 1906c: 569 . Type locality: Gondokoro , and Lake Victoria (at Bunjako, Buganga, and Munyonyo), Uganda [restricted to Buganga, by lectotype designation]. Lectotype: BMNH 1906.5.30.165; designated by Teugels (1986a: 126).

Distribution: Lakes Victoria, Kioga, Edward, and Tanganyika; upper Nile River (Teugels, 1986b).