Cradoscrupocellaria insularis, VIEIRA & JONES & WINSTON, 2013

VIEIRA, LEANDRO M., JONES, MARY E. SPENCER & WINSTON, JUDITH E., 2013, <p class = " HeadingRunIn " align = " left "> <strong> <em> Cradoscrupocellaria </ em>, a new bryozoan genus for <em> Scrupocellaria bertholletii </ em> (Audouin) and related species (Cheilostomata, Candidae): taxonomy, biodiversity and distribution </ strong> </ p>, Zootaxa 3707 (1), pp. 1-63 : 29-31

Cradoscrupocellaria insularis n. sp.

( Fig. 13 , Table 3)

Scrupocellaria bertholletii Audouin : Kluge 1914: 616, text-fig. 6. [ Cape Verde]

Scrupocellaria bertholletii Audouin : Waters 1918: 5. [ Cape Verde]

Non Acamarchis Bertholletii Audouin, 1826: 241 . [ Egypt]

Material examined. Holotype. NHMUK 2010.12 .6.16 ( Fig. 13A–B, E–F ), Scrupocellaria bertholletii, C. Crossland Collection , St Vicente, Cape Verde . Paratypes. NHMUK 1899.7 .1.837 ( Fig. 13C–D ), Canda bertholletii, G. Busk det., G. Busk Collection, St Vicente, Cape Verde . NHMUK 2010.10 .1.7, same data as holotype . NHMUK 2010.10 .1.8, Scrupocellaria bertholletii, St Vicente , Cape Verde . Additional specimens. NHMUK 1899.7 .1.821, Scrupocellaria bertholletii, G. Busk det., G. Busk Collection, 1857, Madeira .

Type locality. Cape Verde Island .

Etymology. Latin insularis , “of islands”, alluding to the occurrence of this species around two Atlantic oceanic island groups.

Diagnosis. Chitinous joints passing across opesia in outer zooids at bifurcation (zooids C and D); zooids with 7 long and regularly spaced distal spines; scutum slender, branched twice (rarely bifurcating at tip), with 4–7 acute tips; a small distolateral avicularium often present in each zooid, obliquely directed and obscured by outer spines; dimorphic frontal avicularium aquiline, obliquely directed forward and slightly downward; ooecium globular with some rounded pseudopores.

Description. Colony erect, branched, with branches comprising 5–9 (often 7) zooids. Internodes with biserial alternating zooids with curved outlines; chitinous joints passing across the opesia in outer zooids at the bifurcation (zooids C and D) and across the proximal gymnocyst of inner zooids (F and G). Autozooids elongate, subrectangular, slightly narrower proximally than distally. Oval opesia occupying two thirds of zooidal length; cryptocyst smooth, forming a conspicuous strip around opesia, often better developed proximally than laterally. Scutum slender, inserted at midline of inner opesial border, branched twice with acute points, rarely bifurcated at its tips, overarching to midline of opesia. Distal spines straight and long, unbranched; 7 regularly spaced distal spines; axial zooid with 7 spines; proximalmost inner and outer spines directed forward. One small and inconspicuous distolateral avicularium often present on each zooid, directed laterally and slightly upward, often obscured by outer distal spines; rostrum triangular, with serrated lateral edge. Frontal avicularia dimorphic: a small frontal avicularium with triangular rostrum and mandible, obliquely directed downward; a large frontal avicularium with aquiline rostrum, directed forward and slightly downward, mandible triangular, slightly curved. Vibracular chamber present on basal surface of each zooid, inconspicuous in frontal view; chamber trapezoidal, occupying a third of basal surface, with a large rhizoidal foramen on its proximal outer corner; setal groove transverse to internode axis, with smooth seta as long as one autozooid. Single axial vibraculum without rhizoidal foramen. Rhizoids tubular, smooth. Ovicells globular, with ectooecium perforated by rounded pores; ovicelled zooids with 3 inner and 3 outer spines.

Remarks. Waters (1918) noted the difference in size of avicularia between Scrupocellaria bertholletii specimens from Cape Verde collected by Cyril Crossland and specimens from the Mediterranean. These island specimens, here described as C. insularis n. sp., are characterized by zooids with 7 long and regularly spaced distal spines, the distinctive shape of the branched scutum and the size and position of the distolateral avicularia. The specimens reported from Cape Verde by Kluge (1914) also belong to C. insularis .

Distribution. Atlantic Ocean: Madeira and Cape Verde.

Figures

FIGURE 13. Cradoscrupocellaria insularis n. sp. A–B, E–F, NHMUK 2010.12.6.16, holotype, Cape Verde. C–D, NHMUK 1899.7.1.837, paratype, Cape Verde. A, Frontal surface of colony. B, Frontal surface of branch with ovicelled zooids. C, Closeup of a branch; note the small distolateral avicularium and the scutum occupying less than half the opesial length. D, Close-up of small frontal avicularium. E, Abfrontal surface of colony. F, Abfrontal surface of branch bifurcation.