Cradoscrupocellaria hirsuta ( Jullien & Calvet, 1903 ) VIEIRA & JONES & WINSTON, 2013

VIEIRA, LEANDRO M., JONES, MARY E. SPENCER & WINSTON, JUDITH E., 2013, <p class = " HeadingRunIn " align = " left "> <strong> <em> Cradoscrupocellaria </ em>, a new bryozoan genus for <em> Scrupocellaria bertholletii </ em> (Audouin) and related species (Cheilostomata, Candidae): taxonomy, biodiversity and distribution </ strong> </ p>, Zootaxa 3707 (1), pp. 1-63 : 54-57

Cradoscrupocellaria hirsuta ( Jullien & Calvet, 1903) n. comb.

( Figs 28–29 , Table 6)

Acamarchis hirsuta Jullien & Calvet, 1903: 35 , pl. 1, figs 3a–c. [Azores Archipelago]

Scrupocellaria hirsuta Jullien & Calvet : Norman 1909: 284. [Madeira]

Material examined. Lectotype (chosen here). MOM 420323 ( Fig. 28A–B ), dry, Scrupocellaria hirsuta, Jullien & Calvet det., Campagnes Scientifiques du Principauté de Monaco, Hirondelle , Station 226, 1888, Fosse de Fayal, Pico of Fayal (Azores), 130 m. Paralectotypes. MOM 420323 , dry (2 colonies), same data as lectotype . Additional specimens. NHMUK 2012.7 .1.1 ( Fig. 28C–F ), dry, Scrupocellaria hirsuta, L.M. Vieira det., Campagnes Scientifiques du Principauté de Monaco, Hirondelle , Station 569, 1895, Azores, 27 m. NHMUK 1911.10 .1.386 ( Fig. 29 ), Scrupocellaria hirsuta, A.M. Norman det., A.M. Norman Collection, Madeira . USNM 559190 , balsam slide, Scrupocellaria hirsuta, R.C. Osburn det., 1936, Castle Island , Bermuda, 20 feet (6 m) .

Diagnosis. Chitinous joints passing across gymnocyst in outer zooids at bifurcation (zooids C and D); 7 regularly spaced and very long distal spines; scutum absent; small distolateral avicularium present in each zooid, obscured by outer oral spines, directed laterodistally; dimorphic frontal avicularium aquiline, directed forward; vibraculum with trapezoidal chamber on basal surface of each zooids; rhizoids smooth; ooecium with large rounded pseudopores.

Description. Colony erect, branched, with branches of 5–9 alternating zooids. Internodes slender, slightly curved, angled at axis, with an acutely bifurcating pattern; chitinous joints passing across gymnocyst in both outer (zooids C and D) and inner zooids (F and G) at bifurcation. Autozooids cylindrical, tapering proximally. Oval opesia occupying three quarters of zooidal length; cryptocyst reduced to very narrow and often inconspicuous rim around opesia. Distal spines very long, unbranched; 7 regularly spaced distal spines, with most proximal spines directed forward; rarely 1–2 distal spines absent. Scutum absent. Very small distolateral avicularium obscured by outer oral spines. Frontal avicularia dimorphic: a small aquiline avicularium directed forwards or rarely obliquely to axis of autozooid, close to inner proximal margin of opesia; large aquiline frontal avicularium, rostrum serrated, about 0.140 mm long, directed forward or slightly downward, mandible triangular and hooked distally. Large vibracular chamber on basal surface of each zooid, inconspicuous in frontal view; chamber of vibraculum almost trapezoidal, with rhizoidal foramen at its outer proximal corner; setal groove transverse to internode axis, straight, with smooth setae longer than two autozooids. Single axial vibraculum without rhizoidal foramen. Rhizoids tubular, smooth. Ovicells globular, with large rounded pseudopores; ovicelled zooids with 1–2 inner and 3 outer spines.

Remarks. Cradoscrupocellaria hirsuta is distinguished by the absence of scuta, seven long and well-spaced distal spines, a very small distolateral avicularium obscured by outer oral spines and joints that pass across the midpoint of the gymnocyst in the outer zooids at a branch bifurcation. Jullien and Calvet (1903) described 4 distal spines in this species, but the type specimens have 7 distal spines (rarely 5–6 spines) in non-ovicelled zooids and 4–5 spines in ovicelled zooids. This species was reported by Norman (1909) from Madeira. A single specimen from Bermuda was found in the USNM collection; this specimen was identified as Scrupocellaria hirsuta by Osburn (unpublished data) and has the same morphological characteristics as those of the Madeira and Azores specimens.

Distribution. Atlantic Ocean: Bermuda, Azores and Madeira; 6– 130 m.

Key to species of Cradoscrupocellaria n. gen.

1 Scutum lacking in all zooids; distal spines as long as an autozooid.......................................... hirsuta

- Scutum present, at least in ovicelled zooids; distal spines shorter than an autozooid................................ 2

2 Frontal avicularia absent............................................................................... 3

- Frontal avicularia present............................................................................... 4

3 Lateral avicularia absent; scutum single or branched 1–2 times; rhizoids with hooks............................ serrata

- Lateral avicularia present; scutum branched more than 3 times; rhizoids segmented........................ nanshaensis

4 Lateral avicularia absent................................................................................ 5

- Lateral avicularia present in few or all zooids.............................................................. 14

5 Scutum lacking in some zooids; when present, forked or trifurcated.............................................. 6

- Scutum present in all zooids, forked with bifurcated tips to hightly branched...................................... 7

6 Dimorphic frontal avicularia with aquiline rostrum, large ones 2 x larger than small ones; proximalmost outer spines overarching opercular area........................................................................... curacaoensis

- Dimorphic frontal avicularia with elongate rostrum, 3 x larger or more than single ones; proximalmost outer spines directed forwards............................................................................... jamaicensis n. sp.

7 Scutum forked, with branched distal tips....................................................... floridana n. sp.

- Scutum branched three times or more..................................................................... 8

8 Dimorphic frontal avicularia with elongate rostrum........................................................... 9

- Dimorphic frontal avicularia aquiline.................................................................... 10

9 Scutum branched 2 x, with acute tips, covering about half opesial area; 5–6 distal spines.................. calypso n. sp.

- Scutum branched 3 x, with truncate tips, covering whole opesial area; 6–7 distal spines................... normani n. sp.

10 Joints passing across opesia in outer zooids at bifurcation; 3–4 distal spines......................... marcusorum n. sp.

- Joints passing across gymnocyst in outer zooids at bifurcation; 4 or more distal spines.............................. 11

11 Rhizoids with some shortly spaced retroussé hooks............................................. arisaigensis n. sp.

- Rhizoids with smooth surface........................................................................... 12

12 Scutum wide, covering more than 2/3 of entire frontal membrane................................... aegyptiana n. sp.

- Scutum slender, covering 2/3 or less of frontal membrane..................................................... 13

13 Frontal avicularia with raised base............................................................ .. lagaaiji n. sp.

- Frontal avicularia with stout base................................................................ makua n. sp.

14 Lateral avicularia laterally directed....................................................................... 15

- Lateral avicularia directed obliquely upward............................................................... 21

15 Rhizoids with retroussé hooks; dimorphic frontal avicularia elongate, mandible lanceolate directed downwards.. tenuirostris

- Rhizoids with smooth surface; dimorphic aquiline frontal avicularia with triangular mandible........................ 16

16 Scutum may be present in some zooids of colony, forked..................................................... 17

- Scutum present in all zooids; branched twice or more........................................................ 18

17 Scutum short, covering half opesial width; ooecium with rounded pores; cryptocyst vestigial, often inconspicuous at proximal edge of opesia............................................................................... bertholletii

- Scutum long, reaching lateral outer margin of opesia; ooecium with funel-shaped pores; cryptocyst well developed around opesia.................................................................................. hastingsae n. sp.

18 Scutum occupying more than two thirds of opesial area........................................ galapagensis n. sp.

- Scutum occupying less than half opesial area...............................................................19

19 Cryptocyst well developed around opesia..................................................... gorgonensis n. sp.

- Cryptocyst narrow proximally, sometimes inconspicuous..................................................... 20

20 Axial zooid with 3 distal spines; other zooids with 5 distal spines..................................... atlantica n. sp.

- Axial zooid with 5 distal spines; others zooids with 6–7 distal spines.................................. osburni n. sp.

21 Scutum highly branched, with flat frontal surface........................................................... 22

- Scutum stout, branched at tips........................................................................... 24

22 Joints passing across opesia in outer zooids at bifurcation......................................... insularis n. sp.

- Joints passing across gymnocyst in outer zooids at bifurcation................................................. 23

23 Rhizoids with retroussé hooks...................................................................... reptans

- Rhizoids with smooth surface........................................................................ ellisi

24 Joints passing across gymnocyst in outer zooids at bifurcation; dimorphic aquiline frontal avicularia...... odonoghuei n. sp.

- Joints passing across opesia in outer zooids at bifurcation; dimorphic elongate frontal avicularia..................... 25

25 Internodes very long, with 9–21 autozooids; frontal surfaces of adjacent zooids not in same plane, with angle between them.......................................................................................... macrorhyncha

- Internodes short, fewer than 9 autozooids; frontal surface of adjacent zooids in same plane......................... 26

26 Internodes stout, zooids 0.193 –0.221 mm wide................................................... gautieri n. sp.

- Internodes flat frontally, 0.148 –0.191 mm wide........................................... macrorhynchoides n. sp.

Figures

FIGURE 28. Cradoscrupocellaria hirsuta (Jullien & Calvet, 1903) n. comb. A–B, MOM 420323, lectotype, Azores. C–F, NHMUK 2012.7.1.1, Azores. A, Frontal surface of branch; note the presence of a dimorphic frontal avicularium and absence of scutum. B, Abfrontal surface of branch. C, Frontal surface of branch bifurcation; note the dimorphic frontal avicularia and three ovicelled zooids proximally in the colony. D, Frontal surface of branch; note the presence of seven long oral spines in each zooid and the absence of a scutum. E, Close-up of four ovicelled zooids and dimorphic frontal avicularia. F, Abfrontal surface of branch.

FIGURE 29. Cradoscrupocellaria hirsuta (Jullien & Calvet, 1903) n. comb. A–F, NHMUK 1911.10.1.386, Madeira. A, Frontal surface of colony. B, Frontal surface of branch; note the presence of distolateral avicularia and very long distal spines. C, Lateral view of branch bifurcation. D, Close-up of two autozooids; note the small aquiline frontal avicularia. E, Abfrontal surface of colony. F, Abfrontal surface of branch bifurcation; note the smooth rhizoids.