Fabaceae

Smaniotto, Lisonéia F. & Panizzi, Antônio R., 2015, Interactions of selected species of stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) from leguminous crops with plants in the Neotropics, Florida Entomologist 98 (1), pp. 7-17 : 7

Key Words: Sucking phytophagous insects; Fabaceae , feeding habits; cropping systems; Neotropical Region

Resumo

Nessa revisão são discutidas as interaÇÕes das principais espécies de percevejos fitófagos ( Hemiptera : Heteroptera: Pentatomidae ) encontradas em leguminosas ( Fabaceae ) com plantas associadas na Região Neotropical. As seguintes espécies foram incluídas: Nezara viridula (L.), Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood) , Euschistus heros (F.), Edessa meditabunda (F.), Dichelops furcatus (F.), Dichelops melacanthus (Dallas) e Thyanta perditor (F.). Com base em revisão de literatura, uma lista de plantas onde os percevejos foram inter- ceptados é incluída, indicando os hospedeiros reprodutivos, i.e., plantas nas quais os percevejos completam o desenvolvimento, e records acidentais, i.e., plantas nas quais os percevejos são encontrados eventualmente. A troca de hábitos alimentares (dos frutos/ sementes de plantas hospedeiras preferidas) para as estruturas vegetativas menos preferidas (ramos/folhas de plantas associadas menos preferidas) para alimentaÇão ou abrigo, devido à troca no cenário agrícola ocasionada pelos cultivos múltiplos intensos e semeadura direta é discutida.

Palavras Chave: Insetos fitófagos sugadores; Fabaceae , hábitos alimentares; sistemas de cultivo; Região Neotropical

The utilization of host plants depends on several factors such as the variable chemical profile of plants (e.g., primary and secondary metab- olites), plant architecture or plant design, and plant availability in time and space ( Ehrlich & Raven 1964; Strong et al. 1984). The efficiency of the insect at intercepting the host plant depends on its own ability to do so (e.g., dispersal capability - Bernays & Chapman 1994), and the physical and chemical traits of the plant ( Chew & Renwick 1995; Bittencourt-Rodrigues & Zucoloto 2005). Contact with the host plant by the insect may have short term effects (e.g., behavioral changes) and long term effects (e.g., impact on fitness) ( Ahmad 1983).

The majority of insects exploit plants from one family, being associated with one or a few genera ( Winkler & Mitter 2008), and specific structures on those plants ( Bernays 1998). Pest stink bugs ( Hemiptera : Heteroptera: Pentatomidae ) are, in general, of economic importance due to their impact on plants cultivated for food, fiber or ornamental use ( Panizzi et al. 2000a; McPherson & McPherson 2000). They may feed on plant species of several families and show morphological, physiological and behavioral adaptations that allow them to better exploit the host plants ( Karban & Agrawal 2002; Després et al. 2007). As an example, the highly polyphagous southern green stink bug Nezara viridula (L.) changed its typical feeding habits of utilizing reproductive structures (i.e., seeds or fruits) of preferred food plants to feed on leaf veins of less preferred food plants, such as castor bean, Ricinus communis L. ( Euphorbiaceae ) (Panizzi 2000). It also may eventually feed on corn seedlings ( Negron & Riley 1987). This may have a variable impact on the nymphal development and adult reproduction, as has been demonstrated with various species of heteropterans (see references in Panizzi 1997). Nezara viridula feeds on an array of plants from different families ( Todd 1989; Panizzi 1997).

In this review article, we discuss the interactions among selected species of pentatomids found on legume ( Fabaceae ) crops in the neotropics and the plants with which they have been associated. For each of the selected species of stink bugs, we list the associated plants docu- mented in the literature from the neotropics, especially from Brazil. As much as possible, we highlight those reproductive hosts, i.e., plants on which bug can complete development, and incidental records, i.e.,

1 Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531-980, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

2 Embrapa Trigo, Caixa Postal 3081, 99001-970, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. plants on which bugs are found only occasionally. Finally, we discuss the impact of the intense multiple cropping and the no-tillage cultivation systems upon these interactions. Note: the common names uti- lized for the stink bugs species discussed are those commonly used in Brazil.