Alouatta ululata, Elliot, 1912

Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson, 2013, Atelidae, Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, pp. 484-549 : 528-529

8 .

Maranhao Red-handed Howler

Alouatta ululata

French: Hurleur du Maranhao / German: Maranhao-Briillaffe / Spanish: Mono aullador de manos rojas del Maranhao Other common names: Maranhao Red-handed Howling Monkey

Taxonomy. Alouatta ululata Elliot, 1912 ,

Brazil, Miritiba (= Humberto de Campos), northern Maranhao.

Formerly believed to be a subspecies of A. belzebul . Monotypic.

Distribution. NE Brazil in remnant forest patches in the N of the states of Maranhao, Piaui, and Ceara, from the municipality of Humberto de Campos E to the Serra da Ibiapaba in the municipality of Corean;it is also found in the municipalities of Ilha Grande do Piaui, Caxing6, Campo Maior, and Jatoba do Piaui in the S of its range.

Descriptive notes. Head-body of adult male type specimen 56-5 cm, tail 56 cm. No specific data are available for body weight. The Maranhao Red-handed Howler is sexually dichromatic. The male is black, with rufous to reddish brown hands and feet, tail tip and flanks. The female is yellowish-brown with sparse grayish hairs, giving an olivaceous appearance.

Habitat. Patches of tall forest along the coast, semi-deciduous forests in the caatinga (dry forest scrub), transitional Babassu palm (Orbygnia) forests in Maranhao, and mangroves on the coast of Piaut and Maranhao.

Food and Feeding. There is no information available for this species.

Breeding. There is no information available for this species.

Activity patterns. There is no information available for this species.

Movements, Home range and Social organization. There is no information available for this species.

Status and Conservation. CITES Appendix II. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Maranhao Red-handed Howler is classified as critically endangered on the Brazilian list of threatened species. It is the least studied of all howlers and occupies a region with a long history of human occupation and high levels of forest loss and hunting. Today, hunting is seen as the most serious threat. Surveys in 2004-2006 by staff of the Brazilian government's National Center for Research and Conservation of Brazilian Primates mapped 19 localities where Maranhao Red-handed Howlersstill survive in very small numbers. It is possible that it occurs on the Ubajara National Park that protects a narrow strip of forest on the eastern slopes of the Serra da Ipiapaba in Ceara. Populations of Maranhao Red-handed Howlers have been found in the environmental protection areas of Serra da Ipiapaba in Ceara and Piaui and Delta do Parnaiba that extends across Piaui and Ceara into Maranhao.

Bibliography. Bonvicino et al. (1989), Gregorin (2006), Gregorin et al. (2008), Guedes et al. (2000), Hill (1962), Langguth et al. (1987), de Oliveira & Ferreira (2008), de Oliveira et al. (2007).

Figures

On following pages 2 Urs ne Red Howler (Alouatta arcroldoal 3 Guıanan Red Howler (Alouarra macconnellı) 4 Bolıvıan Red Howler (Alouatta sara) 5 Amazon Black Howler Alouatta nigerrima) 6 Red-handed Howler (Alouarta belzebul) 7 Spıx s Howler (Alouatta discolorl 8 Maranhão Red-handed Howler (Alouatta ululata)

Distribution. NE Brazil in remnant forest patches in the N of the states of Maranhao, Piaui, and Ceara, from the municipality of Humberto de Campos E to the Serra da Ibiapaba in the municipality of Corean;it is also found in the municipalities of Ilha Grande do Piaui, Caxing6, Campo Maior, and Jatoba do Piaui in the S of its range.