Cryphalus artocarpus (Schedl, 1939)

Johnson, Andrew J., Li, You, Mandelshtam, Michail Yu., Park, Sangwook, Lin, Ching-Shan, Gao, Lei & Hulcr, Jiri, 2020, East Asian Cryphalus Erichson (Curculionidae, Scolytinae): new species, new synonymy and redescriptions of species, ZooKeys 995, pp. 15-66 : 15

Cryphalus artocarpus (Schedl, 1939) Figures 2A , 3A , 4A-I

Ericryphalus artocarpus Schedl, 1939: 432 (Malaysia).

Cryphalus artocarpus Schedl, 1958: 498 (Malaysia).

Cryphalus brownei Wood, 1992: 432 (unnecessary replacement name).

Type material examined.

Malaysia • 1 ♀ Holotype Cryphalus artocarpus Schedl, 1958; Sarawak, Siburan, Semenggoh; 23 Aug. 1957; F. G. Browne leg.; ex. Artocarpus ; on branch of Artocarpus ; 5833; UFFE: 26193; (NHMUK).

Other material examined.

China • 4 ♀♀, 4 ♂♂; Hainan; 儋州市宝岛新村试验场七队桑园 [Danzhou, Baodaoxincun, No.7 farm, Mulberry field]; 19.51°N, 109.49°E; 14 Mar. 2019; Fuping Lu, and Shengchang Lai leg.; ex. Morus ; "; samples degraded.; UFFE:33536; (UFFE) • 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂; Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Sanchahe Nature Reserve; 22.1631°N, 100.8709°E; 30 May 2008; Anthony I. Cognato leg.; ex. Ficus ; vial 133; Sanchahe Nature Reserve; collect from host tree phloem; 30/May/2008; Cognato coll; UFFE:11411; (UFFE) • 1 ♀; Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden; 21.92°N, 101.27°E; 12 Jul. 2014; Craig Bateman leg.; EtOH trap; moved from vial 7778; UFFE:33166; (UFFE) • 1 ♂; same collection data; UFFE:33167; (UFFE) • 1 ♂; same collection data; DNA: 28S:MT431538; UFFE:33165; (UFFE) • 12 ♂♂, 12 ♀♀; Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden; 21.92°N, 101.27°E; 12 Jul. 2014; Craig Bateman leg.; EtOH bottle trap; UFFE:14088; (NHMUK, 1♀, 1♂; FSCA, 1♀, 1♂; MZB, 1♀, 1♂; NIAES, 1♀, 1♂;NMNS, 1♀, 1♂; IOZ, 1♀ IOZ(E)2057936, 1♂ IOZ(E)2057937; RIFID, 1♀, 1♂; UFFE, 2♀♀; USNM, 1♀, 1♂; ZIN, 1♀, 1♂).

Thailand • 1 ♂; Phatthalung, Srinagarindra District, Khao Banthat wildlife sanctuary; Jun. 2015; S. Steininger, and W. Sittichaya leg.; DNA: 28S:MG051099; UFFE:18004; (UFFE)

Diagnosis.

This species can be diagnosed from similar Cryphalus in East Asia by the small size (1.10-1.30 mm), by the large pronotal disc one third of the length of the pronotum, by the stout elytra with a finely tuberculate surface texture, and by the male protibiae with similar setae to the females.

Female. Length 1.10-1.30 mm (holotype 1.25 mm). Proportions 2.1 × as long as wide. Frons with minute aciculations, barely visible, converging to the epistoma. Antennal club with three weakly procurved sutures marked by coarse and long setae. Antennal funiculus with four segments, length shorter than the scape. Gular surface with evenly spaced hair-like setae. Protibiae and protarsi with only straight, hair-like setae. Pronotal colour dark brown on slope, sometimes a lighter brown on disc. Pronotal profile broadly rounded, slightly wider in line with summit. Pronotal margin armed with six to ten serrations, separated by approximately their width, the outer one or two pairs smaller. Pronotal declivity with more than 40 asperities (holotype has 51). Pronotal disc approximately one third the length of the pronotum, gently sloped, weakly tuberculate surface texture (obscured by scale-like setae). Pronotal vestiture on anterior and lateral slope hair-like. Pronotal vestiture on disc and postero-lateral regions mixture of scale-like and paddle-like, the scale-like setae 1 × long as wide with a tridentate tip. Suture between pronotum and elytra weakly sinuate. Scutellum very small, barely visible. Elytra 1.5 × as long as pronotum, brown to translucent yellow-brown, darker at base, broadly rounded with no clear elytral disc or a transition to the declivity, slightly angulate on lateral regions of the declivity on interstriae 5. Elytral surface densely punctures with small tubercles, especially on the basal half. Striae barely visible as rows of punctures and hair-like setae. Interstrial bristles erect, flattened with rounded tips, shorter towards the elytral suture. Interstrial ground vestiture tridentate, approximately one to two × as long as wide, translucent brown with a weak iridescence, sometimes light brown near the base of the elytra. Protibiae and protarsi with only straight, hair-like setae. Mesocoxae moderately separated, more than distance between metacoxae. Proventriculus not examined.

Male. Similar to female except: Length 1.05-1.20 mm. Frons weakly aciculate with a glossy transverse carina above upper level of eyes. Gular surface shining around suture, surrounded by sparse setae. Pronotal profile widest in line with summit. Pronotal profile anterior to summit triangular. Pronotal margin with four to six marginal asperities, spaced approximately by twice their width. Pronotal declivity with almost straight slope, fewer and smaller asperities than the female. Pronotal disc with strongly tuberculate surface obscured by scale-like setae. Elytral surface densely punctured and strongly tuberculate, especially on basal half. Protibiae and protarsi with hair-like setae which are curved, slightly larger than on female. Last abdominal ventrite clearly emarginated. Proventriculus sutural teeth rounded, in two overlapping longitudinal rows. Apical teeth extend laterally to less than two thirds of the plate. Closing teeth short, mix of palmate shorter teeth and longer, tapered, branched teeth extending beyond masticatory brush. Masticatory brush slightly less than half of the proventricular length. Aedeagus long, weakly sclerotised. Penis apodemes approximately two thirds as long as penis body. Tegmen with two ventral apodemes, which are longer than distance between them. End plates indistinct, barely sclerotised.

Distribution.

China (Yunnan, Hainan); Thailand; Malaysia.

Recorded plant hosts.

Moraceae : Artocarpus sp., Artocarpus elasticus Reinw. ex Blume., Ficus sp., Morus sp.

Remarks.

Abundant in ethanol bottle trap samples in Yunnan. This species was listed as “spThailandScaly” in Johnson et al. (2017).

Figures

Figure 2. Proventriculus of A Cryphalus artocarpus, UFFE: 33165 B C. dilutus, UFFE: 34684 C C. dorsalis, UFFE: 25581 D C. gnetivorus, UFFE: 31753 E C. itinerans, UFFE: 33178 F C. kyotoensis, UFFE: 33232 G C. lipingensis, UFFE: 28048 H C. mangiferae, UFFE: 34966 I C. meridionalis, UFFE: 28061 J C. morivorus, UFFE: 27604 K C. paramangiferae, UFFE: 34965.

Figure 3. Aedeagus of A Cryphalus artocarpus, UFFE: 33165 B C. dilutus, UFFE: 34684 C C. dorsalis, UFFE: 25581 D C. gnetivorus, UFFE: 31753 E C. itinerans, UFFE: 33178 F C. kyotoensis, UFFE: 31745 G C. lipingensis, UFFE: 28048 H C. mangiferae, UFFE: 34966 I C. meridionalis, UFFE: 28061 J C. morivorus, UFFE: 27604 K C. paramangiferae, UFFE: 34965.

Figure 4. Cryphalus artocarpus A, C, E, G female, UFFE: 33166 B, D, F male, UFFE: 33167 H, I male, UFFE: 33165.