Colocania Gonzalez , Garcia Aldrete & Mendivil

Gonzalez-Obando, Ranulfo, Aldrete, Alfonso N. Garcia, Carrejo-Gironza, Nancy & Mendivil, Julian, 2018, A new genus of Ptiloneuridae, its position within the family, and descriptions of five species (Psocodea, ' Psocoptera'), ZooKeys 780, pp. 11-34 : 11

Colocania Gonzalez, Garcia Aldrete & Mendivil gen. n.

Type species.

Colocania occidentalis González, García Aldrete & Mendivil, sp. n.

Etymology.

The generic name is a compound word, formed with the root “colo” from Colombia, and the suffix “cania”, common in Ptiloneuridae , as in Euplocania , Perucania , Triplocania . It refers to its endemicity in Colombia.

Diagnosis.

Forewings with costal margin, between base and nodus, strongly to gently convex, pterostigma elongate, petiolate proximally at around 1/3 of its length, Rs curved strongly towards pterostigma; anterior area of the hypandrium with a short ringed digitiform process. Phallosome most commonly with two separate stems proximally usually projected to the hypandrium (Figures 6, 24, 36). Clunium with oval cuticular depression on central-median area. Females with sternum IX oval to subtrapeziform (Figures 18, 30, 42), with a generally globose or pear-shaped area in the middle.

Key to the genera of Ptiloneuridae (males) modified from García Aldrete (2006), Silva-Neto and García Aldrete (2015), and Silva Neto et al. (2016a)

Position of Colocania gen. n. in Ptiloneuridae

From 88 most parsimonious cladograms, obtained for each K value analyzed (K = 1-9), 17 consensus topologies were retained (L = 75-76, CI = 48-49, RI = 61-62). In all of them the clade formed by the species of Colocania was maintained, although between K = 5-9 the relations of this with the rest of the genera is unstable. This however, remains constant between K = 1-4 (L = 76, CI = 48, RI = 61), which includes the value calculated as appropriate (K = 2) through the use TNT script (setk.run) on the data set. In this way, the strict consensus topology obtained in the cladistic analyses with different optimality criteria of parsimony, showed that Colocania is a monophyletic group, supported by high symmetric resampling (88%) and Bootstrap (82%) (Figure 47). This monophyly is supported by two unambiguous synapomorphies: costal margin, between base and nodus, convex (char. 20:1), and clunium with oval cuticular depression on central-median area (char. 23:1), present in both males and females (Figures 45, 46). This genus is also supported by the homoplasic condition: pterostigma proximally petiolate for around 1/3 of its length (char. 21:2), external parameres stout (char. 17:0); and absence of a mesal transverse endophallic sclerite (char. 18:0). It is related to Ptiloneuropsis diamantina , forming a clade supported by one unambiguous synapomorphy: anterior region of hypandrium with vestigial or short ringed digitiform process (char. 22:1) and by a homoplasic condition: marginal area of the forewing from R4+5 to Cu1a hyaline (char. 10:0). The clade above is related to a clade conformed by Loneura , Loneuroides and Ptiloneura , forming a clade supported by one unambiguous synapomorphy: hindwing with four primary branches in vein M, which could change in future analyzes if we consider all the possible variations that can be observed in the species of these three genera. Furthermore, this clade, as well as the related to the other genera, showed unstable arrangements when the characters tend to have the same weight (K = 5-9) (cladograms not shown). Silva Neto et al. (2016) recognized two distinct clades that group the genera of Ptiloneuridae ; one of them includes Belicania , Euplocania , Omilneura , Perucania , Timnewia , and Triplocania . The other clade includes Brasineura , Loneura , Loneuroides , Ptiloneura , Ptiloneuropsis , and Willreevesia . In the latter, Brasineura and Loneuroides are recognized as monophyletic, while in the first, the sub-clade formed by Omilneura , Perucania , Timnewia , and Triplocania , that according to our results and given the high frequency of homoplasic characters seem to require additional phylogenetic analysis, within the family Ptiloneuridae , including in each genus a greater number of species and evaluating a greater number of characters.