Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) schiffleri, Vaz-de-Mello, Louzada & Gavino, 2001

Valois, Marcely C., Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z. & Silva, Fernando A. B., 2017, Taxonomic revision of the Dichotomius sericeus (Harold, 1867) species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), Zootaxa 4277 (4), pp. 503-530 : 516

Dichotomius (Luederwaldtinia) schiffleri Vaz-de-Mello, Louzada & Gavino, 2001

( Figs 5 a–h, 10d, 11b, 11d, 12d)

Dichotomius schiffleri Vaz-de-Mello, Louzada & Gavino, 2001

Material examined. Type material, Holotype: BRASIL: ESPÍRITO SANTO: São Mateus, Ilha de Guriri , V — 1996, Schiffler, Louzada & Vaz-de-Mello — 1 ♂ ( MZSP) . Paratypes: same data but (39°58'43"W; 19°03'50"S), V.1996, Schiffler & Vaz-de-Mello — 29♂ 28♀ ( CEMT) ; same data but XI.1996, J.N.C. Louzada — 355♂ 287♀ ( CEMT) .

Non-type material [62 males and 71 females]. BRAZIL: ESPÍRITO SANTO, São Mateus, Ilha de Guriri , (39°58'43"W; 19°03'50"S), XII.1996 — 1 ♂ ( CEMT) ; Linhares, Reserva Florestal da Vale do Rio Doce , [39°56'42.1"W; 19°25'09.6"S], VII.1996, J.S. Santos — 7♂ 9♀ ( CEMT) , same data but IX.1996, J. S. Santos — 1♂ ( CEMT) . SERGIPE: Santa Luzia do Itanhi, 09-12.IX.1999, A. Bonaldo – 1♀ ( CEMT) . BAHIA: Porto Seguro , RPPN da Veracel Celulose, (39°09'36"W; 16°19'48"S), XI.2004, L.N.C Louzada — 16♂ 17♀ ( CEMT) , same data but (39°07'35"W; 16°20'03.9"S), VII.2012, Audino et al. — 2♂ 2♀ ( CEMT) , same data but Distrito Trancoso, Sítio da mata do meio, (39°07'09.0"W; 16°21'19.8"S), V.2012, Audino et al. — 3♂ 3♀ ( CEMT) , same data but Sítio da Maré Mata , (39°05'42.0"W; 16°38'14.2"S), V.2012, Audino et al. — 1♂ 2♀ ( CEMT) ; Alcobaça , (39°11'38"W; 17°26'25"S), I.2007, L.M. Vieira — 8♂ 12♀ ( CEMT) ; Prado , (39°13'23"W; 17°17'42"S), I. 2007, L. M. Limeira — 1♀ ( CEMT) ; Mucurí , (39°31'43"W; 18°03'05"S), I. 2007, L.Vieira — 2♂ ( CEMT) , same data but (39°43'51.1"W; 18°03'05.4"S), I.2007, J. Louzada — 13♂ 17♀ ( CEMT) ; Santa Cruz de Cabrália , (39°01'21"W; 16°19'24"S), I. 2007, L.Vieira — 1♂ 3♀ ( CEMT) ; Salvador, Reserva da Sapiranga, Mata de São João , [-38,040805; -12,554082], 11.III. 2001, P. P. Lopes — 5♂ 3♀ ( CEMT) . PERNAMBUCO: Maracaípe , RPPN Nossa Senhora do Outeiro de Macaípe, (35°01'05"W; 08°31'48"S), IV.2009, C.M.Q. Costa et al. — 1♂ 1♀ ( CEMT) .

Diagnosis. Dichotomius schiffleri may be distinguished from all other species by: head of both sexes with three weak knobs, without horns or gibbous ( Figs 5 b–c); pronotum slightly flattened dorsoventrally in lateral view ( Fig. 11 b).

Redescription. Length: 12–17 mm. Body dark brown to black ( Fig. 5 a). Head: clypeal surface covered by dense ocellate punctures, larger and denser on lateral sides and toward the frons ( Fig. 5 b). Anterolateral portion of clypeus with oblique ridge ( Fig. 5 b).. Gena with large, ocellate and coalescent punctures ( Fig. 5 b). Clypeofrontal region with three weak knobs; one over the central portion of the clypeus; two on interocular portion of head, closer to the eye ( Fig. 5 b). Dorsal interocular surface slightly depressed on central portion, with dense ocellate punctures ( Fig. 5 b). Pronotum: slightly convex in lateral view; surface with ocellate punctures ( Fig. 5 d); on disc, punctures separated from each other by approximately 2–3 times their diameter ( Fig. 5 d); punctures on anterolateral portion larger and denser, separated from each other by half their diameter. Posterior margin with large and elliptical punctures forming an irregular band of punctures. Margination of posterior edge with weaklydefined punctures near posterior angles. Hypomera: anterior portion covered by large, ocellate and setigerous punctures. Posterior portion with elliptical setigerous punctures, occasionally coalescent. Lateral portion with row of long setae, visible in dorsal view. Metasternum: anterior lobe with ocellate punctures; disc punctate only medially; punctures become setigerous close to inner margin of mesocoxae. Lateral lobes of metasternum with ocellate and setigerous punctures, setae short; punctures separated from each other by approximately their own diameter. Elytra: surface of interstriae shiny with disperse and inconspicuous microgranulation. Elytral striae deeply impressed. Legs: ventral surface of profemur, along the midline, with elongated, sparse and setigerous punctures; anterior and posterior margins finely sulcated. Row of setae toward the body on ventral surface of mesotibia extending the entire length of the tibia (as in Fig. 11 e). Posterior margin of meso and metafemur with longitudinal sulcus along its length; surface of sulcus with well-defined microsculpture; sulcus approximately onefourth as wide as the femur ( Fig. 11 d). Abdomen: surface of sternites with a single row of ocellate punctures medially; lateral portion punctate on anterior half. Male medial portion of sixth sternite half as long as the fifth. Pygidium: slightly wider than long. Surface covered by ocellate and dense punctures ( Fig. 11 g). Aedeagus: parameres subtriangular and elongated, 2/3 as long as the phallobase ( Figs 5 f–h). [lateral view] — dorsal margin slightly curved outward on apical fourth ( Fig. 5 f). Ventral margin slightly curved inward on apical two-thirds ( Fig. 5 f). [ventral view] — inner margin of parameres curved outward ( Fig. 5 g). [dorsal view] — basal portion of parameres wider than apical portion ( Fig. 5 h). External margin of parameres expanded toward apex ( Fig. 5 h). Inner margins subparallel ( Fig. 5 h). Endophallus: lamella copulatrix — Projection square-shaped; superior portion strongly curved outward; lateral portion curved inward ( Fig. 10 d). Secondary sexual characters: females differ from males as follows: clypeal teeth more acute ( Fig. 5 c); anterior surface of clypeus with well-defined transversal ridges ( Fig. 5 c, arrows); medial portion of sixth sternite as long as the fifth.

Figures

FIGURE 5. Dichotomius schiffleri Vaz-de-Mello, Gavino & Louzada, 2001. a— body, dorsal view; b— head, male (weak knobs, arrows); c— head, female (transversal ridges, arrows); d— pronotum; e— surface of elytral interstriae. Aedeagus. flateral view; g— ventral view; h— dorsal view.

FIGURE 10. Lamella copulatrix. a— Dichotomius sericeus (Harold, 1867); b— D. irinus (Harold, 1867); c— D. laevicollis (Felsche, 1901); d— D. schiffleri Vaz-de-Mello, Gavino & Louzada, 2001; e— Dichotomius guaribensis sp. nov.; f— Dichotomius gilletti sp. nov.; g— Dichotomius iannuzziae sp. nov.; h— Dichotomius catimbau sp. nov. Scale bar 0,5 mm.

FIGURE 11. External morphology of D. sericeus species group. a— Dichotomius sericeus (Harold, 1867), body, lateral view; b— D. schiffleri Vaz-de-Mello, Gavino & Louzada, 2001, body, lateral view; c— D. sericeus, detail of posterior margin of meso and metafemur, arrows; d— D. schiffleri, detail of posterior margin of meso and metafemur, arrows; e— D. sericeus, mesotibia, ventral view (row of setae toward the body, red arrow); f— D. irinus, mesotibia, ventral view (row of setae toward the body, red arrow); g— D. irinus, pygidium; h— D. sericeus, pygidium.