Aiptasia pallida
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.203987 |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6180919 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/35648787-DB12-FFBF-88E5-FC1FFF5BFDFF |
treatment provided by |
Plazi |
scientific name |
Aiptasia pallida |
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Aiptasia pallida View in CoL (Agassiz in Verrill, 1864)
( Figure 9 View FIGURE 9 , Table 2 View TABLE 2 )
Dysactis pallida Agassiz in Verrill, 1864: 26.
Paranthea pallida Verrill, 1868: 322 .
Aiptasia Agassizii View in CoL [sic] Andres, 1883: 183.
Aiptasia pallida McMurrich, 1887: 59 View in CoL –61.
Aiptasia McMurrich, 1889b: 102 View in CoL –104.
Aiptasia tagetes Verrill, 1900: 557 View in CoL .
Aiptasioides pallida Stephenson, 1918: 51 View in CoL .
Material examined.— Puerto Morelos (20°54’28.73” N, 86°50’43.33” W; 5 specimens); GoogleMaps Isla Contoy (21°28’23” N, 86°47’22.18” W; 5 specimens). GoogleMaps
Diagnosis.—Fully expanded tentacles and oral disc often to 40 mm in diameter. Oral disc wide, 5–15 mm in diameter; mouth often with whitish spots in the edges ( Figure 9 View FIGURE 9 A). Tentacles about 48, simple, smooth, long, thin, inner ones longer than outer ones, not completely contractile ( Figure 9 View FIGURE 9 B, C). Column cylindrical, 10–35 mm in height and 2–13 mm in diameter, smooth, divided into capitulum and scapus; one or two rows of cinclides in middle column ( Figure 9 View FIGURE 9 B). Column, tentacles and oral disc light to dark brown, oral disc often with white, yellow and bluish spots. Pedal disc well developed, 3–8 mm in diameter. Pedal disc and scapus often lighter than column, light brown or beige, semitransparent, with mesenterial insertions visible. Mesenteries hexamerously arranged in two or three cycles (12–24 pairs in specimens examined): first cycle perfect, others imperfect and poorly developed ( Figure 9 View FIGURE 9 D, E). No gametogenic tissue observed in specimens reviewed. Two pairs of directives each attached to a well developed siphonoglyph ( Figure 9 View FIGURE 9 D). Retractor muscles diffuse to restricted; parietobasilar muscles poorly developed. Basilar muscles poorly developed. Marginal sphincter muscle not observed. Longitudinal muscles of tentacles ectodermal. Acontia white ( Figure 9 View FIGURE 9 C), with basitrichs and microbasic p -amastigophores. Zooxanthellae present. Cnidom: basitrichs, microbasic p- amastigophores and spirocysts ( Figure 9 View FIGURE 9 F–S; see Table 2 View TABLE 2 ).
Natural history.— Aiptasia pallida lives in shallow waters attached to small rocks and submerged lumber, between the patches of sand and seagrass of the lagoon-reef zone, sometimes epiphytic on Thalassia testudinum leaves, between 1–6 m depth. It often forms aggregations as a result of asexual reproduction by pedal laceration ( Carlgren 1949; Clayton 1985; Cairns et al. 1986).
Distribution.— Aiptasia pallida is reported from Bermuda to Brazil, along the entire Caribbean Sea (see Table 1); however, our specimens represent the first record for the Mexican Caribbean (Puerto Morelos and Isla Contoy reefs).
Remarks.—Five of the 16 currently valid species of the genus Aiptasia have been recorded in the Caribbean Sea ( Fautin 2011); however, differences between A. pallida and its four Caribbean congeners are unclear based on the scarce information available. Aiptasia inula ( Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) has only one row of cinclides and the oral disc could be yellow or blue ( Duchassaing & Micheloti 1864; Andres 1883); A. mimosa ( Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) has 50–60 tentacles arranged in three cycles and the oral disc is dark red ( Duchassaing & Michelotti 1864; Andres 1883); A. leiodactyla Pax, 1910 lacks a marginal sphincter muscle and is reported as a protogynous hermaphrodite. According to Sebens (1998), the most distinctive difference between A. pallida and A. tagetes ( Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) is the presence of two (rarely one or three) prominent transversal rows of cinclides in the former, and the lack of distinct rows of cinclides in the latter; however, Duchassaing & Michelotti (1864) describe two rows of cinclides in the middle of column of A. tagetes . Some studies consider A. pallida and A. tagetes synonyms ( Corrêa 1964; Herrera-Moreno 1981; Cairns et al. 1986); according to Fautin (2011), both species are valid. A thorough revision of Caribbean species of genus Aiptasia is needed to clarify their taxonomic status.
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Genus |
Aiptasia pallida
Gonzalez-Muñoz, Ricardo, Simões, Nuno, Sanchez-Rodriguez, Judith, Rodriguez, Estefania & Segura-Puertas, Lourdes 2012 |
Aiptasioides pallida
Stephenson 1918: 51 |
Aiptasia tagetes
Verrill 1900: 557 |
Aiptasia
McMurrich 1889: 102 |
McMurrich 1887: 59 |
Andres 1883: 183 |
Dysactis pallida
Verrill 1868: 322 |
Verrill 1864: 26 |