Malanea revolutifolia A.Amaya & Popovkin (Amaya and Popovkin 2012: 930)

Roxo, Rafaela Sales Pereira & Barbosa, Maria Regina de Vasconcellos, 2023, The genus Malanea Aubl. (Rubiaceae) in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Plant Ecology and Evolution 156 (3), pp. 257-275 : 257

Malanea revolutifolia A.Amaya & Popovkin (Amaya and Popovkin 2012: 930)

Fig. 4F-J

Type.

BRAZIL • Bahia, Entre Rios, Fazenda Rio do Negro ; 12°01'S, 38°02'W; 150 m; 14 Aug. 2008; fl.; Popovkin 349; holotype: HUEFS [143271]; isotype NY [02714491] .

Description.

Liana ca 2 m tall; branchlets greyish with elliptic lenticels, glabrous, hispid to ferruginous-tomentose and without lenticels when young. Stipules deltate to triangular, 4-6 × 2-4 mm, acute, externally tomentose to sericeous. Leaves with petioles 0.5-1 cm long, strigose; blades elliptic, 2.8-10.1 × 2-6.7 cm, obtuse to round at base, acute at apex (round in young leaves), strongly revolute, leathery, discolorous, glabrous above, tomentose to hirsute below; secondary veins 7-11 on each side of the midrib, impressed to sulcate, tomentose up to 3rd pair above, prominent below; tertiary veins inconspicuous. Inflorescence spiciform, 4.5-6 cm long, 1 per axil, glomerules 2-3 with 4-7 flowers each; peduncle 2.2-3.3 cm long, densely tomentose; bracts ovate-triangular, 0.26-0.6 mm long, tomentose; bracteoles triangular, 2-3.5 × 0.9 mm, externally tomentose, revolute. Flower buds tomentose. Calyx deeply lobed, lobes 1.1-3 × 0.6-2 mm long, tomentose. Corolla white or cream, tube 1.5-3 mm long, externally glabrescent, internally lanate; lobes rounded, 1.3-2 mm long, externally tomentose, internally lanate. Stamens with filaments ca 0.3 mm long; anthers 0.4-09 mm long. Style 1.6-2 mm long in short-styled flowers; 2-3 mm long in long-styled flowers. Fruits fusiform to elliptical, 7 × 4 mm, purple, glabrous; persistent calyx lobes tomentose.

Distribution.

Previously known only from open moist forests in Bahia and Sergipe, it is being registered here as occurring in the state of Minas Gerais, in the municipality of Santa Maria do Salto, close to the border with Bahia (Fig. 1D ).

Habitat and ecology.

Known only from open moist forests.

Phenology.

Flowers from March to October; fruits in January, April, and July to September.

Vernacular name.

Cipó-prego (Bahia, Ferreira 721).

Etymology.

The epithet revolutifolia refers to the strongly revolute leaf margins.

Preliminary IUCN conservation assessment.

Vulnerable (VU) B2ab(iii). The extent of occurrence (EOO) of this species was calculated as 136,339 km2, qualifying it as Least Concern (LC). The area of occupancy (AOO) was estimated as 80 km2, falling into the category Endangered (EN) ( Bachman et al. 2011; IUCN 2012, 2022). Malanea revolutifolia is known from 27 collections from only ten locations. The locality of Entre Rios and adjacent municipalities have 14 collections, including the type. This specific area is protected by law (Governo do Estado da Bahia, Decreto 1046) since 1992. However, the extraction of the piaçava palm ( Attalea funifera Mart.) destroys the surrounding forest. The other collections are all from isolated remaining forest patches in the states of Bahia, Minas Gerais, and Sergipe. Therefore, we consider this species as Vulnerable according to IUCN criteria ( IUCN 2012, 2022).

Comment.

Although often misidentified as Malanea evenosa , M. revolutifolia is distinguished from it by the hispid to ferruginous-tomentose indumentum in the young branchlets (vs glabrous to pubescent in M. evenosa ), leaves with strigose petiole (vs pubescent to sericeous), acute, when young, to rounded apex (vs acute to acuminate), strongly revolute margins (vs slightly revolute), tomentose to hirsute below (vs pubescent with short golden trichomes adpressed), hairy domatia absent (vs present), 7-11 pairs of secondary veins (vs 5-6), secondary veins conspicuous above (vs inconspicuous), and deeply lobed calyx (vs slightly). Before the description of M. revolutifolia ( Amaya and Popovkin 2012), specimens with strongly revolute leathery leaves from Bahia were mostly identified as M. sarmentosa , a species restricted to the Amazon. However, M. revolutifolia can be distinguished from that by its flat to inconspicuous tertiary veins on the upper side of the leaves, inflorescences 4.5-6 cm long, deeply lobed calyx, and fusiform to elliptical fruits. Malanea sarmentosa presents reticulate tertiary veins, inflorescences 1.5-2.5 cm long, dentate calyx, and cylindrical fruits ( Taylor et al. 2007).

Material examined.

BRAZIL - Bahia • Almadina, Serra do Corcovado, acesso pela vertente oposta à de Seu Francisco; 14°42 ’06” S, 39°36 ’12” W; 8 Jun. 2012; fr.; Coelho 830; CEPEC • Cardeal da Silva , próximo a BA-400; 16 Feb. 1978; fb.; Orlandi s.n.; RB • Conde , Fazenda do Bu ; 12°01 ’33” S, 37°42 ’14” W; 1 Jun. 1995; fb., fl.; Ferreira & Silva 721; CEPEC, HUEFS, IPA, JPB • Entre Rios , Areial ; 12°15'S, 37°53'W; 60 m; 9 Jan. 2012; fl.; Popovkin 1027; HUEFS • Entre Rios, Areial; 12°15'S, 37°53'W; 60 m; 13 Apr. 2012; fl.; Popovkin 1102; HUEFS • Entre Rios, Areial; 12°15'S, 37°53'W; 60 m; 13 Apr. 2012; fr.; Popovkin 1103; HUEFS • Entre Rios, Areial; 12°01'S, 38°02'W; 153 m; 13 Feb. 2012; st.; Popovkin 1060; HUEFS • Entre Rios, Fazenda Experimental da Escola de Medicina Veterinaria (UFBA); 11°56 ’30” S, 38°05 ’03” W; 24 Oct. 2009; fb.; Roque 2244; ALCB • Entre Rios, Fazenda Rio do Negro ; 12°01'S, 38°02'W; 150 m; 14 Aug. 2008; fl.; Popovkin 349; HUEFS • Entre Rios, Fazenda Rio do Negro ; 12°01'S, 38°02'W; 150 m; 30 Apr. 2011; fl.; Popovkin 877; HUEFS • Entre Rios, Fazenda Rio do Negro ; 12°01'S, 38°02'W; 150 m; 11 Jul. 2011; fl., fr.; Popovkin 899, HUEFS • Entre Rios, Fazenda Rio do Negro ; 12°53'S, 37°57'W; 153 m; 26 May 2007; fl.; Popovkin 25; HUEFS • Entre Rios, Imbé; 12°04'S, 38°00'W; 15 Mar. 2012; fl.; Popovkin 1075; HUEFS • Entre Rios, rodovia BA 099, km 98 à direita; 12°13 ’34” S, 37°50 ’13” W; 50 m; 14 Nov. 2000; fl.; Alves 2030, CEPEC, RB • Ibirapitanga, 22 km N of Itamarati on BR 101, then 6.8 km E on the road to Embratel Tower, Reserva Municipal Cachoeira do Pau ; 13°53 ’27” S, 39°27 ’33” W; 690 m; 19 May 2003; fl.; Thomas 13443; CEPEC, NY • Itanagra; 12°26 ’30” S, 38°04 ’16” W; 14 Sep. 1980; fr.; Gusmão 469; ALCB, PEUFR • Itanagra, Fazenda Brejo Verde; 12°25'S, 38°03'W; 18 Apr. 1976; fl.; Gusmão 397; ALCB, RB • Santa Teresinha, Serra da Jiboia ca 4 km de Pedra Branca; 12°51 ’10” S, 39°28 ’32” W; 27 Sep. 2000; fr.; Queiroz 6388; HUEFS • Santa Teresinha, Serra da Jiboia ; 12°51 ’17” S, 41°48 ’53” W; 15 Apr. 2000; fr.; Silva 55; HUEFS • Santa Teresinha, Serra da Jiboia ; 800 m; 12°51'S, 39°28'W, 8 Jul. 1999; fr.; França 3198; HUEFS • Santa Terezinha, Vila da Pedra Branca , Serra da Jiboia , entrada para a torre de tv; 850 m; 11 Nov. 2000; fr.; Alves 2001; CEPEC, RB • Simões Filho; 12°47 ’04” S, 38°24 ’14” W; 10 Nov. 1980; fl.; Gusmão 501; ALCB • Uruçuca, estrada de Serra Grande para Uruçuca, área do inventário do plano de manejo do Parque Estadual da Serra do Conduru ; 14°29 ’59” S, 39°06 ’54” W; 380 m; 2 Apr. 2004; fb., fl.; Fiaschi 2208; CEPEC . - Minas Gerais • Santa Maria do Salto, Povoado de Talismã, Fazenda Duas Barras , Reserva Alto Cariri , trilha do sul que sai em Santa Maria do Salto ; 16°24 ’13” S, 40°03 ’16” W; 950 m; 22 Apr. 2006; fl.; Amorim 5853; CEPEC . - Sergipe • Linha Verde, km 74 ca 5 km da divisa com o estado da Bahia; 11°47 ’23” S, 37°55 ’25” W; 12 Oct. 2000; fr.; Silva 55; HUEFS • Santa Luzia do Itanhi , entrada 2 km à esquerda na estrada Santa Luzia/Crasto; 11°16 ’06” S, 37°26 ’19” W; 14 Jun. 1994; fb.; Jardim 449; CEPEC, NY .

Figures

Figure 1. Geographical distribution of the species of Malanea in Atlantic Forest based on georeferenced localities of herbarium specimens. A. M. evenosa (yellow circles) and M. forsteronioides (pink diamonds). B. M. macrophylla (blue circles). C. M. harleyi (turquoise diamonds) and M. martiana (orange circles). D. M. revolutifolia (red diamonds) and M. spicata (green circles).

Figure 4. Species of Malanea from the Atlantic Forest. A - E. M. martiana. A. Habit (Guedes 24971). B. Lower surface of leaf (Sant'Ana 439). C. Stipule (Guedes 24971). D. Flower (Guedes 24971). E. Fruits (Bautista 1748). F - J. M. revolutifolia. F. Habit (Popovkin 25). G. Lower surface of leaf (Ferreira 721). H. Stipule (Ferreira 721). I. Inflorescence (Ferreira 721). J. Fruits (Gusmao 469). K - N. M. spicata. K. Lower surface of leaf (Nunes 751). L. Stipule (Thomas 9885). M. Flower (Carvalho 214). N. Fruits (Fiaschi 1106).