Edwardsellum, Enderlein

Adler, Peter H. & Crosskey, Roger W., 2015, Cytotaxonomy of the Simuliidae (Diptera): a systematic and bibliographic conspectus, Zootaxa 3975 (1), pp. 1-139 : 36-49

Subgenus EDWARDSELLUM Enderlein

Simulium damnosum Theobald (complex)

NOTE: Included under the S. damnosum complex are the following references to cytoforms not currently assigned to nominal species of the subgenus Edwardsellum and for which specific status is not known.

Dunbar (1966a, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, low-magnification photo of polytene complement, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Kagera’ and ‘Sebwe B’): Uganda

Dunbar (1968, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kagera’, ‘Kibwezi’ [also ‘Kibwazi’], and ‘Sebwe’): East Africa

Dunbar (1969, 1971b, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Kagera’, ‘Kibwezi’, and ‘Sebwe’): Kenya, Uganda

Dunbar (1971a, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kagera’, ‘Kibwezi’, and ‘Sebwe’): Kenya, Uganda

Dunbar & Vajime (1971, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kibwezi’, ‘Mutonga’, ‘Sebwe M’, and ‘Sebwe R’): East Africa

Dunbar (1972, polytene chromosome techniques): Africa

Dunbar & Vajime (1972, characterization, cytodendrogram, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Kibwezi’, ‘Kisiwani’, ‘Mutonga’, and ‘Sebwe’): Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda

Dunbar (1974, cytodendrogram, hybrids with S. kilibanum [as ‘Nyamagasani’] and ‘Sebwe’, ‘Jovi’ suggested as hybrid between ‘Kisiwani’ and ‘Nyamagasani’; as ‘Jovi’, ‘Kibwezi’, ‘Kisiwani’, and ‘Sebwe’): Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda

Dunbar (1976, cytodendrogram; as ‘Jovi’, ‘Kagera’, ‘Kibwezi’, ‘Kisiwani’, ‘Mutonga’, ‘Sebwe’, and ‘Turiani’): Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda

World Health Organization (1977, cytodendrogram; as ‘Jovi’, ‘Kagera’, ‘Kibwezi’, ‘Kisiwani’, ‘Mutonga’, ‘Sebwe’, and ‘Turiani’): Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda

Dunbar (1979, cytodendrogram, hybrids with S. kilibanum [as ‘Nyamagasani’]; as ‘Kibwezi’, ‘Kisiwani’, and ‘Sebwe’): East Africa

Dunbar & Vajime (1979 a, 1981, cytodendrogram; as ‘Jovi’, ‘Kagera’, ‘Kibwezi’, ‘Kisiwani’, ‘Mutonga’, ‘Sebwe’, and ‘Turiani’): East Africa

Dunbar & Vajime (1979b, notes on geographic variation; as ‘Mutonga’): Kenya

Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram; as ‘Jovi’, ‘Kagera’, ‘Kibwezi’, ‘Kisiwani’, ‘Mutonga’, ‘Sebwe’, and ‘Turiani’): Africa

Vajime & Dunbar (1979, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kibwezi’ and ‘Mutonga’): [East Africa]

Le Berre & Fiasorgbor (1985, brief review of importance of cytotaxonomy to control of onchocerciasis): Africa

Vajime (1987, low-magnification photos of IS and IL): Africa

Procunier, Maegga, Raybould, Muro & Shelley (1987a, 1987b, possible incipient species, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘kibwezi’): Tanzania

Procunier (1989, photo of polytene complement from adult Malpighian tubules; as ‘Kibwezi form’): [ Tanzania]

Maegga (1992, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiograms, inversions mapped, photos of all chromosomes and selected polymorphisms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Jovi’, ‘Kibwezi’, ‘Kisiwani’, ‘Mutonga’, ‘Sebwe’, and ‘Turiani’): Tanzania, Uganda

Maegga & Cupp (1993, characterization, inversions mapped, photos of all arms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Kibwezi’, ‘Kisiwani’, and ‘Sebwe’): Tanzania

Nurmi (1993, reference not seen; as ‘Sebwe’): Uganda

Procunier & Muro (1993, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of polytene complement from adult Malpighian tubules and all arms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard, spermatogenesis; as ‘Kisiwani form’ and ‘Kibwezi forms A1 and A2’): Tanzania

Maegga & Cupp (1994, characterization, chromosomal key, inversions mapped, new cytoforms recognized [‘Kasyabone forms A and B’], photos of III): Tanzania

Krüger (1996, 1998, description, photos of chromosomes II and III, selected inversions mapped; as ‘Sebwe’): Uganda

Krüger & Garms (1999, notes on diagnostic inversions and hybrids with S. kilibanum [as ‘Nyamagasani’]; as ‘Sebwe’): Uganda

Krüger (2003, low-magnification photos of polytene complement): [Africa (country unspecified)]

Krüger, Kalinga, Post & Maegga (2004, characterization, inversions mapped, new cytoform recognized [‘Njombe’], photos of partial IIL, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Kibwezi’, ‘Njombe’, and ‘Sebwe’): Tanzania, Uganda

Hadis, Wilson, Cobblah & Boakye (2005, inversions mapped, photos of all arms; as ‘Kisiwani’): Ethiopia

Krüger, Car & Maegga (2005, characterization; inversions mapped; new cytoform recognized [‘Kisiwani E’]; photos of IS, IL, IIS, IIL, and IIIL; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Kibwezi’, ‘Kisiwani E’, and ‘Sebwe’): Ethiopia, Tanzania, Uganda

Krüger (2006, characterization; cytodendrogram; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of IS, IIL, IIIL, and selected polymorphisms; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Kagera’, ‘Kasyabone’, ‘Kibwezi’, ‘Kisiwani’, ‘Kisiwani E’, ‘Mutonga’, ‘Njombe’, ‘Sebwe’, and ‘Turiani’): Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda

Krüger & Hennings (2006, cytodendrogram vis à vis molecular phylogeny; as ‘Jovi’, ‘Kagera’, ‘Kibwezi’, ‘Kisiwani’, ‘Mutonga’, ‘Sebwe’, and ‘Turiani’): Africa (various countries)

Krüger, Kalinga, Kibweja, Mwaikonyole & Maegga (2006b, note on probable hybrid with S. kilibanum ): Tanzania

Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions; as ‘Hamedense (Abu Hamed) ’, ‘Jovi’, ‘Kagera’, ‘Kasyabone’, ‘Kibwezi’, ‘Kibwezi A1’, ‘Kibwezi A2’, ‘Kisiwani’, ‘Kisiwani E’, ‘Mutonga’, ‘Njombe’, ‘Sebwe’, and ‘Turiani’): Africa (various countries)

Krüger, Post, Kalinga & Maegga (2009, note on rare cases of analogous banding with S. kilibanum ; as ‘Kasyabone’): Tanzania

Maegga, Kalinga, Kabula, Post & Krüger (2011, characterization, hybrids with S. thyolense , selected inversion mapped, low-magnification photos of polytene complement): Tanzania

Simulium damnosum Theobald s. str.

Dunbar (1966a, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Nile’): Uganda

Dunbar (1968, cytodendrogram; as ‘Nile’): Africa

Dunbar (1969, 1971b, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Nile’): Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Mali, Sudan, Uganda

Dunbar (1971a, cytodendrogram; as ‘Nile’): Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Mali, Sudan, Uganda

Dunbar & Vajime (1971, cytodendrogram; as ‘Nile’): East and West Africa

Dunbar & Vajime (1972, characterization, cytodendrogram, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Nile’): West Africa

Quillévéré (1974, 1975, 1979, characterization; drawings of IL, IIL, and IIIL; idiogram; inversions mapped on drawings; as ‘Nile’): West Africa

Vajime (1974, characterization; cytodendrogram; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of all polytene arms, male meiotic complement, polytene complement [low magnification], and sex chromosomes; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Nile’): Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Mali, Nigeria, Sierra Leone

Vajime & Dunbar (1974, note on diagnostic and sex-linked inversions): West Africa

Vajime & Dunbar (1975, characterization, chromosomal key, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of all arms and sex chromosomes, recognition of ‘Nile’ form as S. damnosum s. str., resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Mali, Nigeria, Sierra Leone

Dunbar (1976, cytodendrogram): Sudan, Uganda

World Health Organization (1977, cytodendrogram): West Africa

Dunbar (1979, cytodendrogram): Africa

Dunbar & Vajime (1979a, cytodendrogram): East and West Africa

Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram): Africa

Meredith (1980, characterization, frequencies of inversion polymorphisms, low-magnification photo of polytene complement): West Africa

Dunbar and Vajime (1981, cytodendrogram; as S. damnosum and ‘Volta’): East and West Africa

Vajime (1987, low-magnification photos of male chiasmate meiosis, polytene complement, and IS): Africa

Akoh, Uchida, Sato & Hirai (1987, hybrids with S. sirbanum ): Nigeria

Boakye (1993, characterization, cytodendrogram [superficial], inversions mapped, photos of all chromosomes and selected polymorphisms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): West Africa

Boakye & Meredith (1993, hybrid with S. sanctipauli , photos of hybrids): West Africa

Bassey (1998, characterization): Nigeria

Boakye (1999, characterization; cytodendrogram [superficial]; hybrids with S. sanctipauli and S. sirbanum ; inversions mapped; photos of all chromosomes, hybrid complement, and selected polymorphisms; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): West Africa

Boakye, Back & Brakefield (2000, hybrids with S. sirbanum ): Ivory Coast

Higazi, Boakye, Wilson, Mahmoud, Baraka, Mukhtar & Unnasch (2000, cytodendrogram): Africa (country unspecified)

Krüger (2006, cytodendrogram): Uganda

Krüger & Hennings (2006, cytodendrogram vis à vis molecular phylogeny): West Africa

Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions; as S. damnosum s. str. ‘Nile’ and ‘Volta’): Africa (various countries)

Post, Onyenwe, Somiari, Mafuyai, Crainey & Ubachukwu (2011, chromosomal key, photos of IIL, selected inversions mapped; as S. damnosum s. str. ‘Nile, and ‘Volta’): Nigeria

Simulium dieguerense Vajime & Dunbar

Dunbar & Vajime (1972, characterization, cytodendrogram, partial resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Dieguera’): Mali

Vajime (1974, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Dieguera’): Mali

Vajime & Dunbar (1974, note on diagnostic inversions): [ Mali]

Vajime & Dunbar (1975, characterization, chromosomal key, cytodendrogram, formal name for ‘Dieguera’ form of Dunbar & Vajime 1972, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Mali

Dunbar (1976, cytodendrogram): [ Mali]

World Health Organization (1977, cytodendrogram): Mali

Dunbar (1979, cytodendrogram; as ‘Dieguera’): West Africa

Dunbar & Vajime (1979a, cytodendrogram): West Africa

Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram): Africa

Dunbar and Vajime (1981, cytodendrogram): Mali

Post (1982b, characterization, correction of earlier IIL interpretation, idiogram, photos of all chromosomes and polytene complement (low magnification), resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Mali

Boakye & Mosha (1988a, notes on geographic variation, hybrid with S. sirbanum , photos of chromosome II and low-magnification polytene complement): Guinea, Mali, Senegal

Boakye (1993, characterization, cytodendrogram [superficial], inversions mapped, photos of CI and chromosomes II and III, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): West Africa

Boakye (1999, characterization, cytodendrogram [superficial], inversions mapped, photos of CI and chromosomes II and III, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): West Africa

Krüger & Hennings (2006, cytodendrogram): West Africa

Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions): Guinea, Mali

Simulium kaffaense Hadis, Boakye, Wilson & Cobblah [name presently unavailable]

Dunbar (1976, cytodendrogram; as ‘Jimma’): Ethiopia

Dunbar and Vajime (1981, cytodendrogram; as ‘Jimma’): Ethiopia

Hadis, Boakye, Wilson & Cobblah (2004, new species recognized [ kaffaense ; nomen nudum] and new cytoforms recognized but not characterized [‘Bebeka’ and ‘Ghibe-Gojeb’]): Ethiopia

Hadis, Wilson, Cobblah & Boakye (2005, characterization, inversions mapped, original description of species [nomen nudum], photos of all arms and polymorphisms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Ethiopia

Krüger, Car & Maegga (2005, characterization, inversions mapped, photos of IIIL and polymorphisms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Ethiopia

Krüger (2006, characterization; cytodendrogram; idiogram; inversions mapped; low-resolution photos of IL, IIS, IIL, and IIIL; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Ethiopia

Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions; as S. kaffaense ‘Bebeka’ and ‘Jimma’): Ethiopia

Simulium kilibanum Gouteux

Dunbar (1966a, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Sebwe A’): Uganda

Dunbar (1968, cytodendrogram; as ‘Nkusi’ and ‘Sanje’): East Africa

Dunbar (1969, 1971b, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Nkusi’ and ‘Sanje’): Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda

Dunbar (1971a, cytodendrogram; as ‘Nkusi’ and ‘Sanje’): Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda

Dunbar & Vajime (1971, cytodendrogram; as ‘Nkusi’, ‘Sanje R’, and ‘Sanje T’): East Africa

Dunbar & Vajime (1972, characterization, cytodendrogram, ‘Nyamagasani form’ chosen as standard banding sequence for S. damnosum complex; as ‘Nkusi’, ‘Nyamagasani’, and ‘Sanje’): Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda

Dunbar (1974, cytodendrogram, hybrids with ‘Sebwe’; as ‘Nkusi’, ‘Nyamagasani’, and ‘Sanje’): Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda

Vajime (1974, cytodendrogram; as ‘Nyamagasani’): [East Africa]

Vajime & Dunbar (1975, chromosomal key, cytodendrogram; as ‘Nyamagasani’): [East Africa]

Dunbar (1976, cytodendrogram, hybrid with S. plumbeum [as ‘Ketaketa’]; as ‘Nkusi’, ‘Nyamagasani’, and ‘Sanje’): Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda

World Health Organization (1977, cytodendrogram; as ‘Nkusi’, ‘Nyamagasani’, and ‘Sanje’): Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda

Dunbar (1978, note on chromosomal analysis of larvae reared from eggs; as ‘Nkusi’): Tanzania

Dunbar (1979, cytodendrogram, hybrids with S. damnosum ‘Sebwe’; as ‘Nkusi’, ‘Nyamagasani’, and ‘Sanje’): East Africa

Dunbar & Vajime (1979a, cytodendrogram; as ‘Nkusi’, ‘Nyamagasani’, and ‘Sanje’): East Africa

Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram; as ‘Nyamagasani’, ‘Nkusi’, and ‘Sanje’): Africa

Vajime & Dunbar (1979, cytodendrogram; as ‘Nyamagasani’): [ Mali]

Dunbar and Vajime (1981, cytodendrogram, hybrid with S. plumbeum [as ‘Ketaketa’]; as ‘Nkusi’, ‘Nyamagasani’, and ‘Sanje’): East Africa

Vajime (1987, description of all arms and landmarks; as ‘Nyamagasani’): Africa

Maegga (1992, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiograms, inversions mapped, photos of all chromosomes and selected polymorphisms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Nkusi’, ‘Nyamagasani’, and ‘Sanje’): Tanzania, Uganda

Maegga & Cupp (1993, characterization, inversions mapped, photos of all arms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Nkusi’, ‘Nyamagasani’ and ‘Sanje’): Tanzania

Nurmi (1993, reference not seen; as ‘Nkusi’ and ‘Nyamagasani’): Uganda

Procunier & Muro (1993, characterization; cytodendrogram; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of polytene complement, all arms, and stages in polyteny in adult Malpighian tubules; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; spermatogenesis; as ‘Nkusi form’, ‘Nyamagasani form’, and ‘Sanje form’): Tanzania

Maegga & Cupp (1994, chromosomal key; as ‘Nyamagasani form’): Tanzania

Krüger, Katamanywa, Tukesiga & Garms (1997, notes on centric fusions and probable hybrids between cytotypes; as ‘Nkusi’ and ‘Nyamagasani’): Uganda

Krüger (1996, 1998, description; photos of I, IIL, IIIL, and selected polymorphisms; as ‘Nkusi’ and ‘Nyamagasani’): Uganda

Krüger, Nurmi & Garms (1998, photos of I and IIL): Uganda

Krüger & Garms (1999, characterization, drawing of IIL polymorphism, hybrid with ‘Sebwe’, inversions mapped, photos of all chromosomes, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Nkusi’ and ‘Nyamagasani’): Malawi, Uganda

Vajime, Tambala, Krüger & Post (2000, idiogram): Malawi

Krüger, Car & Maegga (2005, characterization; inversions mapped; new cytoforms recognized [‘Nkusi SA’, ‘Nkusi SW’, and ‘Pienaars’]; photos of IIS, IIL, IIIL, and polymorphisms; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): South Africa, Swaziland

Krüger (2006, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, photos of all chromosomes and selected polymorphisms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as S. kilibanum , ‘Nkusi’, ‘Nkusi SA’, ‘Nkusi SW’, ‘Nyamagasani’, ‘Pienaars’, and ‘Sanje’): South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda

Krüger & Hennings (2006, cytodendrogram vis à vis molecular phylogeny): East Africa

Krüger, Kalinga, Kibweja, Mwaikonyole & Maegga (2006b, note on probable hybrid with ‘Sebwe’): Tanzania

Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions; as S. kilibanum ‘Nkusi’, ‘Nkusi SA’, ‘Nkusi SW’, ‘Nyamagasani’, ‘Pienaars’, and ‘Sanje’): Africa (various countries)

Simulium kipengere Krüger

Dunbar (1976, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kipengere’): Tanzania

World Health Organization (1977, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kipengere’): Tanzania

Dunbar & Baldwin (1979, cytodendrogram, description; as ‘Kipengera’ [sic]): Tanzania

Dunbar & Vajime (1979a, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kipengere’): [ Tanzania]

Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kipengere’): [ Tanzania]

Dunbar and Vajime (1981, cytodendrogram, notes on sex chromosomes; as ‘Kipengere’): Tanzania

Krüger (2006, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photo of IL, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as S. kipengere ‘Linthipe’, ‘Mombo’, and ‘Typical’): Malawi, Tanzania

Krüger & Hennings (2006, cytodendrogram vis à vis molecular phylogeny; as ‘Kipengere’): East Africa

Krüger, Mustapha, Kalinga, Tambala, Post & Maegga (2006a, characterization; chromosomal key; formal name for Dunbar’s 1976 ‘Kipengere’ form; idiograms; new cytoforms recognized [‘Linthipe’ and ‘Mombo’]; photos of IS, IL, IIL, and polymorphisms; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Malawi, Tanzania

Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions; as S. kipengere s. l., ‘Linthipe’, ‘Mombo’, and ‘typical’): Malawi, Tanzania

Simulium konkourense Boakye, Post, Mosha & Quillévéré

Quillévéré, Guillet & Séchan (1982, notes on new cytoform; as ‘Konkouré’): Guinea

Post & Boakye (1992, correlation of inversion [indicated on map of S. leonense (as S. soubrense ‘B’)] with zoophily; as S. sanctipauli ‘forme konkouré’): Guinea

Boakye (1993, characterization, cytodendrogram [superficial], inversions mapped, photos of IIL and selected polymorphisms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): West Africa

Boakye, Post, Mosha, Surtees & Baker (1993, characterization; chromosomal key; formal name for ‘Konkouré’ form of Quillévéré, Guillet & Séchan 1982; idiogram; inversions mapped; new cytoform recognized [‘Menankaya’]; photos of IS, IL, IIL, and polymorphisms; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Guinea, Sierra Leone

Charalambous, Shelley, Santos Grácio & Raybould (1995, characterization; inversions mapped; photos of polytene complement, IIL, and selected polymorphisms; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Guinea-Bissau

Boakye (1999, characterization, cytodendrogram [superficial], inversions mapped, photos of IIL and selected polymorphisms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): West Africa

Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions; as S. konkourense s. l., ‘Konkouré’, and ‘Menankaya’): Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Sierra Leone

Simulium kulfoense Hadis, Wilson, Cobblah & Boakye [name presently unavailable]

Dunbar (1968, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kulfo’): [ Ethiopia]

Dunbar (1969, 1971b, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Kulfo’): Ethiopia

Dunbar (1971a, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kulfo’): Ethiopia

Dunbar & Vajime (1971, 1979a, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kulfo’): [ Ethiopia]

Dunbar (1976, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kulfo’): Ethiopia

World Health Organization (1977, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kulfo’): Ethiopia

Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kulfo’): [ Ethiopia]

Dunbar and Vajime (1981, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kulfo’): Ethiopia

Krüger (2006, cytodendrogram, notes on similarities of inversions with those of S. kaffaense ; as ‘Kulfo’): Ethiopia

Krüger & Hennings (2006, cytodendrogram vis à vis molecular phylogeny): [ Ethiopia]

Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions; as ‘Kulfo’): Ethiopia

Hadis, Wilson, Cobblah & Boakye (2008, characterization, formal name [nomen nudum] for Dunbar’s 1969 ‘Kulfo’ form, inversions mapped, photos of all arms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Ethiopia

Simulium latipollex (Enderlein)

Krüger (2006, cytodendrogram): South Africa

Krüger, Mustapha, Kalinga, Tambala, Post & Maegga (2006a, characterization, chromosomal key, idiogram, photo of IIL, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): South Africa

Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions): South Africa

Simulium leonense Boakye, Post & Mosha

Post & Crosskey (1985, characterization, new sibling species; as S. soubrense ‘B’): Sierra Leone

Post (1986, characterization, chromosomal key, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of polytene complement and all arms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as S. soubrense ‘B’): Sierra Leone

Procunier & Post (1986, correlation of polyteny in adult Malpighian tubules and ovarioles with gonotrophic cycle, photos of polytene complement from adult Malpighian tubules and ovarioles; as S. soubrense ‘B’): Sierra Leone

Güzelhan (1987, characterization, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of all arms and polytene complement; as S. soubrense ‘B’): Liberia

Procunier (1989, diagnosis summary; as S. soubrense ‘B’): Sierra Leone

Güzelhan & Garms (1991, inversions mapped, photo of polytene complement; as S. soubrense ‘B’): Liberia

Post & Boakye (1992, low-resolution photo of polytene complement; as S. soubrense ‘B’): Sierra Leone

Boakye (1993, characterization, cytodendrogram [superficial], inversions mapped, photo of polytene complement, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): West Africa

Boakye, Post, Mosha, Surtees & Baker (1993, characterization; chromosomal key; formal name for S. soubrense ‘B’ of Post & Crosskey 1985; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of polytene complement, IL, and III; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Guinea, Sierra Leone

Boakye (1999, characterization, cytodendrogram [superficial], inversions mapped, photo of polytene complement, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): West Africa

Higazi, Boakye, Wilson, Mahmoud, Baraka, Mukhtar & Unnasch (2000, cytodendrogram): Africa (country unspecified)

Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions): Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone

Simulium mengense Vajime & Dunbar

Dunbar (1976, cytodendrogram; as ‘Menge’): [ Cameroon]

World Health Organization (1977, cytodendrogram; as ‘Menge’): Cameroon

Dunbar & Vajime (1979a, cytodendrogram; as ‘Menge’): [ Cameroon]

Dunbar & Vajime (1979b, note on relation to ‘Kibwezi’; as ‘Menge’): [ Cameroon]

Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram): [ Cameroon]

Vajime & Dunbar (1979, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, formal name for Dunbar’s 1976 ‘Menge’ form, photos of all arms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Cameroon

Dunbar and Vajime (1981, cytodendrogram; as ‘Menge’): Cameroon, Tanzania

Vajime (1987, low-magnification photo of CI region): Africa

Maegga (1992, cytodendrogram): [ Tanzania]

Bassey (1998, note on characterization): Cameroon

Krüger (1999, characterization; corrections to original cytodescription; inversions mapped; low-resolution photos of IS, IL, IIL, IIIS, and IIIL; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Cameroon

Mustapha, Post & Krüger (2004, characterization; inversions mapped; low-resolution photos of IS, IIS, IIL, IIIS, and IIIL; new fixed inversions recognized): Cameroon

Krüger, Car & Maegga (2005, inversions mapped; photos of IS partial, IIL partial, and IIIL): Cameroon

Krüger & Hennings (2006, cytodendrogram vis à vis molecular phylogeny): East Africa

Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions): Cameroon, Central African Republic

Post, Onyenwe, Somiari, Mafuyai, Crainey & Ubachukwu (2011, chromosomal key, photo of IL with CI region; as ‘Bioko, and ‘typical’): Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria

Simulium pandanophilum Krüger, Nurmi & Garms

Dunbar & Vajime (1971, 1981, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kaku’): Uganda

Dunbar (1976, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kaku’): Uganda

World Health Organization (1977, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kaku’): Uganda

Dunbar & Vajime (1979a, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kaku’): [ Uganda]

Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kaku’): [ Uganda]

Maegga (1992, cytodendrogram; as ‘Kaku’): [ Uganda]

Nurmi (1993, reference not seen; as ‘Sogohi’): Uganda

Krüger (1996, 1998, description, inversions mapped, photos of chromosomes I and II; as ‘Sogohi’): Uganda

Krüger, Nurmi & Garms (1998, characterization, formal name for ‘Kaku’ form of Dunbar & Vajime 1971, inversions mapped, photos of all arms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Uganda

Krüger, Car & Maegga (2005, inversions mapped, photos of IS partial and IIL partial): Uganda

Krüger (2006, characterization; cytodendrogram; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of IS, IL, and IIL; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; revised breakpoints for selected inversions): Uganda

Krüger & Hennings (2006, cytodendrogram vis à vis molecular phylogeny): [ Uganda]

Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions): Uganda

Simulium plumbeum Krüger

Dunbar (1968, cytodendrogram; as ‘Ketaketa’): [ Tanzania]

Dunbar (1969, 1971b, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Ketaketa’): Tanzania

Dunbar (1971a, cytodendrogram; as ‘Ketaketa’): Tanzania

Dunbar & Vajime (1971, cytodendrogram; as ‘Ketaketa’): [ Tanzania]

Dunbar (1976, cytodendrogram, hybrid with S. kilibanum [as ‘Nkusi’], polymorphism frequencies; as ‘Hammerkopi’ and ‘Ketaketa’): Tanzania

World Health Organization (1977, cytodendrogram; as ‘Hammerkopi’ and ‘Ketaketa’): Tanzania

Dunbar & Baldwin (1979; cytodendrogram, description; as ‘Hammerkopi’ and ‘Ketaketa’ [also ‘Ketakete’ [sic]): Tanzania

Dunbar & Vajime (1979a, cytodendrogram; as ‘Hammerkopi’ and ‘Ketaketa’): [ Tanzania, Uganda]

Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram; as ‘Hammerkopi’ and ‘Ketaketa’): [ Tanzania, Uganda]

Dunbar and Vajime (1981, cytodendrogram, hybrid with S. kilibanum [as ‘Nkusi’], polymorphism frequencies; as ‘Hammerkopi’ and ‘Ketaketa’): Tanzania

Procunier & Muro (1993, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of all arms and selected polymorphisms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard, spermatogenesis; as ‘Ketaketa forms C1 and C2’): Tanzania

Vajime, Tambala, Krüger & Post (2000, idiogram; low-resolution photos of IS, IL, and IIL; as ‘Ketaketa’ and ‘Mwamphanzi’): Malawi

Krüger (2006, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, notes on diagnostic inversion, photos of IL and II, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Malawi, Tanzania

Krüger, Mustapha, Kalinga, Tambala, Post & Maegga (2006a, characterization, chromosomal key, formal name for ‘Mwamphanzi’ form of Vajime, Tambala, Krüger & Post 2000, idiogram, photo of IL, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Malawi, Tanzania

Krüger & Hennings (2006, cytodendrogram vis à vis molecular phylogeny; as ‘Hammerkopi’ and ‘Ketaketa’): East Africa

Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions; as S. plumbeum s. l., ‘C1 [Hammerkopi?]’, ‘C2 [Ketaketa?]’, and ‘typical [Mwamphanzi]’): Malawi, Tanzania

Maegga, Kalinga, Kabula, Post & Krüger (2011, characterization, low-magnification photos of polytene complement, selected inversions mapped): Tanzania

Simulium rasyani Garms, Kerner & Meredith

Garms, Kerner & Meredith (1988, characterization, inversions mapped, original description of species, photos of all chromosomes and selected polymorphisms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Yemen

Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions): Yemen

Simulium sanctipauli Vajime & Dunbar

Dunbar (1968, cytodendrogram; as ‘Bandama’): [ Ivory Coast]

Dunbar (1969, 1971b, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Bandama’): Ivory Coast

Dunbar (1971a, cytodendrogram; as ‘Bandama’): Ivory Coast

Dunbar & Vajime (1971, cytodendrogram; as ‘Bandama’): Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone

Dunbar & Vajime (1972, characterization, cytodendrogram, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Bandama’): Ivory Coast, Liberia

Quillévéré (1974, 1975, 1979, characterization; drawings of IL, IIL, and IIIL; idiogram; inversions mapped on drawings; as ‘Bandama’): West Africa

Vajime (1974, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of all arms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Bandama’): Ivory Coast, Liberia

Vajime & Dunbar (1974, note on diagnostic inversions): West Africa

Quillévéré & Pendriez (1975, hybrids with S. yahense [as ‘Yah’]; as ‘Bandama’): Ivory Coast

Vajime & Dunbar (1975, characterization, chromosomal key, cytodendrogram, formal name for ‘Bandama’ form of Dunbar & Vajime 1971, hybrids with S. yahense , idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of all arms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Ivory Coast, Liberia

Dunbar (1976, cytodendrogram, hybrids with S. yahense ): [West Africa]

World Health Organization (1977, cytodendrogram): West Africa

Vajime & Quillévéré (1978, hybrids with S. squamosum and S. yahense ): Ivory Coast, Nigeria

Dunbar (1979, cytodendrogram, hybrids with S. yahense [as ‘Yah’]; as ‘Bandama’): West Africa

Dunbar & Vajime (1979a, cytodendrogram): West Africa

Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram): [West Africa]

Meredith (1980, characterization, frequencies of inversion polymorphisms, low-magnification photo of polytene complement): West Africa

Dunbar and Vajime (1981, cytodendrogram): West Africa

Meredith, Cheke & Garms (1983, photo of IIL): Ivory Coast

Post (1984, backcross hybrid with S. squamosum / S. yahense , photos of IL, reinterpretation of IL inversions): West Africa

Procunier (1985, photos of polytene complement in adult Malpighian tubules [with inversions mapped] and polytenized follicular epithelial-cell and nurse-cell chromosomes): Ivory Coast

Meredith, Kurtak & Adiamah (1986, geographic variation, drawing of chromosome II, relation of inversion to insecticide resistance): West Africa (mainly Ivory Coast)

Post (1986, characterization, chromosomal key, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of IIL and III, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Ghana, Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone

Procunier & Post (1986, correlation of polyteny in adult Malpighian tubules and ovarioles with gonotrophic cycle): Ivory Coast

Surtees (1986, note on new cytoform [‘Djodji’]): Togo

Boakye, Mosha & Fiasorgbor (1987, note on hybrid with S. sirbanum ): West Africa

Güzelhan (1987, idiogram): Liberia

Meredith, Boakye, Raybould & Cheke (1987, experimental hybridization with ‘Beffa’ form of S. soubrense , idiogram): Benin / Togo, Ivory Coast

Boakye & Mosha (1988b, frequency of hybridization, hybrid with S. sirbanum , photos of all arms of hybrid): Guinea

Surtees (1988, characterization, chromosomal key, idiogram, photos of IS with inversions mapped, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as S. sanctipauli ‘Djodji form’ and ‘typical form’): Ghana / Togo

Surtees, Fiasorgbor, Post & Weber (1988, characterization, chromosomal key, idiogram, photos of IS with inversions mapped, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as S. sanctipauli ‘Djodji form’ and ‘typical form’): Ghana / Togo

Procunier (1989, diagnosis summary, photo of chromosome I from adult Malpighian tubules): Ivory Coast

Post & Boakye (1992, notes on sex chromosomes): Ghana / Togo

Boakye (1993, characterization, cytodendrogram [superficial], inversions mapped, photos of all arms and selected polymorphisms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): West Africa

Boakye & Meredith (1993, hybrid with S. damnosum , photos of hybrids): West Africa

Boakye, Post, Mosha, Surtees & Baker (1993, characterization, chromosomal key, idiogram, photos of IS and IIIL): Guinea, Mali

Boakye (1999, characterization; cytodendrogram [superficial]; gene localization in polytene chromosomes by in situ hybridization; hybrid with S. damnosum ; inversions mapped; photos of all arms, hybrid complements, in situ hybridization of probes, and selected polymorphisms; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as S. sanctipauli ‘Comoé’, ‘Pra’, and ‘Sassandra’): West Africa

Boakye, Fiasorgbor, Bougsere & Naniogue (1999, characterization, inversions mapped, new cytoforms recognized [‘Comoé’, ‘Pra’, and ‘Sassandra’], photos of all chromosomes and low-resolution selected polymorphisms): Ghana, Ivory Coast

Boakye, Cornel, Meredith, Brakefield & Collins (2000, gene localization in polytene chromosomes by in situ hybridization, photos of in situ hybridization of probes): Ghana, Ivory Coast

Higazi, Boakye, Wilson, Mahmoud, Baraka, Mukhtar & Unnasch (2000, cytodendrogram): Africa (country unspecified)

Osei-Atweneboana, Wilson, Post & Boakye (2001, association of inversion with temephos resistance, photo of chromosome I): Ghana

Krüger & Hennings (2006, cytodendrogram vis à vis molecular phylogeny): West Africa

Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions; as S. sanctipauli s. l., ‘Comoé’, ‘Djodji’, ‘Pra’, and ‘Sassandra’): West Africa

Post, Onyenwe, Somiari, Mafuyai, Crainey & Ubachukwu (2011, chromosomal key, photo of IIL, selected inversions mapped): West Africa

Post, Cheke, Boakye, Wilson, Osei-Atweneboana, Tetteh-Kumah, Lamberton, Crainey, Yaméogo & Basáñez (2013, notes on inversion 2 L-7): Ghana

Simulium sirbanum Vajime & Dunbar

Dunbar & Vajime (1971, cytodendrogram; as ‘Sirba’): Burkina Faso, Niger

Dunbar & Vajime (1972, characterization, cytodendrogram, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Sirba’): West Africa

Quillévéré (1974, 1975, 1979, characterization; drawings of IL, IIL, and IIIL; idiogram; inversions mapped on drawings; photos of polymorphisms; as ‘Sirba’): West Africa

Vajime (1974, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of all arms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Sirba’): Burkina Faso, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Nigeria

Vajime & Dunbar (1974, note on diagnostic and sex-linked inversions): West Africa

Vajime & Dunbar (1975, characterization, chromosomal key, cytodendrogram, formal name for ‘Sirba’ form of Dunbar & Vajime 1971, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of all arms and sex chromosomes, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as S. sirbanum and S. sudanense ): Burkina Faso, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Nigeria

Dunbar (1976, cytodendrogram): Sudan

World Health Organization (1977, cytodendrogram): West Africa

Dunbar & Vajime (1979 a, 1981, cytodendrogram; as S. sirbanum and S. sudanense ): West Africa

Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram; as S. sirbanum and S. sudanense ): [West Africa]

Meredith (1980, characterization, frequencies of inversion polymorphisms, low-magnification photo of polytene complement): West Africa

Barbiero, Mustafa, Procunier, Rasheed & Newsom (1984, reference not seen): Sudan

Vajime (1987, low-magnification photos of IS, II, and IIIS): Africa

Akoh, Uchida, Sato & Hirai (1987, hybrids with S. damnosum ): Nigeria

Boakye, Mosha & Fiasorgbor (1987, inversion frequencies, note on hybrid with S. sanctipauli ): Guinea, Mali

Boakye & Mosha (1988a, note on hybrid with S. dieguerense ): Senegal

Boakye & Mosha (1988b, frequency of hybridization, hybrid with S. sanctipauli , photos of all arms of hybrid): Guinea

Procunier (1989, notes on band differences between ‘new cytoform’ and S. sirbanum ): Sudan

Vajime in Rothfels (1989, heterozygote deficiency in females; as S. sirbanum and S. sudanense ): West Africa

Vajime (1989, sex chromosomes, S. sudanense subsumed): West Africa

Fiasorgbor & Cheke (1992, cytological confirmation of morphoforms ‘ Type III’ and ‘ Type IV’): West Africa

Mafuyai (1992, notes on geographic variation, photo of IIL with inversions mapped): Nigeria

Boakye (1993, characterization, cytodendrogram [superficial], inversions mapped, photos of all chromosomes and selected polymorphisms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): West Africa

Crosskey (1993, photo of polytene complement): Guinea-Bissau

Wilson & Post (1994, low-magnification photo of polytene complement): Mali

Charalambous, Shelley, Santos Grácio & Raybould (1995, characterization, inversions mapped, photo of polytene complement, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Guinea-Bissau

Bassey (1998, characterization): Nigeria

Boakye (1999, characterization, cytodendrogram [superficial], inversions mapped, photos of all chromosomes and selected polymorphisms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): West Africa

Higazi, Boakye, Wilson, Mahmoud, Baraka, Mukhtar & Unnasch (2000, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, low-magnification photos of all chromosomes, new cytoform recognized [‘hamedense’], resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘hamedense’): Sudan

Krüger & Hennings (2006, cytodendrogram vis à vis molecular phylogeny; as S. sirbanum and S. sudanense ): West Africa

Onyenwe (2007, photos of IS and IIL; as ‘Sudanense’ form): Nigeria

Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions; as S. sirbanum s. l., ‘Sirba’, ‘Sudanense’, and ‘ Type IV’): Africa (various countries)

Post, Onyenwe, Somiari, Mafuyai, Crainey & Ubachukwu (2011, chromosomal key, photos of IS and IIL, selected inversions mapped; as S. sirbanum ‘Sirba’, ‘Sudanense’, and ‘ Type IV’): Niger, Nigeria

Simulium soderense Hadis, Wilson, Cobblah & Boakye [name presently unavailable]

Hadis, Wilson, Cobblah & Boakye (2008, characterization, inversions mapped, original description of species [nomen nudum], photos of chromosomes I and II, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Ethiopia

Simulium soubrense Vajime & Dunbar

Dunbar & Vajime (1971, cytodendrogram; as ‘Soubré’): Ivory Coast

Dunbar & Vajime (1972, characterization, cytodendrogram, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Soubré’): Ivory Coast, Liberia

Quillévéré (1974, 1975, 1979, characterization; drawings of IL, IIL, and IIIL; idiogram; inversions mapped on drawings; as ‘Soubré’): West Africa

Vajime (1974, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photo of IIL, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Soubré’): Benin, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Liberia

Vajime & Dunbar (1974, note on diagnostic inversion): West Africa

Quillévéré & Pendriez (1975, hybrids with S. yahense [as ‘Yah’]; as ‘Soubré’): Ivory Coast

Vajime & Dunbar (1975, characterization, chromosomal key, cytodendrogram, formal name for ‘Soubré’ form of Dunbar & Vajime 1971, idiogram, inversions mapped, photo of IIL, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Benin, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Liberia

Dunbar (1976, cytodendrogram): [West Africa]

World Health Organization (1977, cytodendrogram): West Africa

Vajime & Quillévéré (1978, hybrids with S. yahense ): Ivory Coast, Nigeria

Dunbar (1979, cytodendrogram; as ‘Soubré’): West Africa

Dunbar and Vajime (1979 a, 1981, cytodendrogram): West Africa

Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram): [West Africa]

Meredith (1980, characterization, frequencies of inversion polymorphisms, low-magnification photo of polytene complement): West Africa

Meredith, Cheke & Garms (1983, characterization of possible new sibling species [‘Beffa’], photos of IIL): Benin, Togo

Post (1984, reinterpretation of IL inversions): West Africa

Kashan (1985, characterization, inversions mapped, photos of all arms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Liberia

Meredith, Kurtak & Adiamah (1986, geographic variation, relation of inversions to insecticide resistance): West Africa (mainly Ivory Coast)

Post (1986, characterization, chromosomal key, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of IL and IIL, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as S. soubrense sensu novo and ‘Beffa form’): Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo

Güzelhan (1987, characterization, descriptions of new cytoforms [‘Farmington’ and ‘St. Paul’], idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of all arms and polytene complement): Liberia

Güzelhan & Garms (1987, descriptions of new cytoforms [‘Farmington (FF) ’ and ‘St. Paul (SF)’]): Liberia

Kashan & Garms (1987, characterization; geographic variation; inversions mapped; photos of IS, IL, IIS, IIL, and polytene complement; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Liberia

Meredith, Boakye, Raybould & Cheke (1987, experimental hybridization of ‘Beffa’ form with S. sanctipauli and S. squamosum , idiogram, photos of all arms of hybrid complement): Benin / Togo, Ivory Coast

Surtees, Fiasorgbor, Post & Weber (1988, chromosomal key; as S. soubrense ‘Beffa form’ and ‘typical form’): Ghana / Togo

Procunier (1989, diagnosis summary): Sierra Leone

Güzelhan & Garms (1991, characterization of cytoforms ‘Farmington’ and ‘St. Paul’, inversions mapped, photos of chromosomes II and III and selected polymorphisms): Liberia

Boakye (1993, characterization, cytodendrogram [superficial], inversions mapped, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as S. soubrense ‘Beffa’, ‘Chutes Milo’, ‘Farmington’, and ‘St. Paul’): West Africa

Boakye, Post, Mosha, Surtees & Baker (1993, characterization, chromosomal key, idiogram, new cytoform recognized [‘Chutes Milo’]): Guinea

Boakye (1999, characterization, cytodendrogram [superficial], inversions mapped, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as S. soubrense ‘Beffa’, ‘Chutes Milo’, ‘Farmington’, and ‘St. Paul’): West Africa

Krüger & Hennings (2006, cytodendrogram vis à vis molecular phylogeny): West Africa

Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions; as S. soubrense s. l., ‘Beffa’, ‘Farmington’, ‘St. Paul’, and ‘typical [Chutes Milo]’): West Africa

Post, Onyenwe, Somiari, Mafuyai, Crainey & Ubachukwu (2011, chromosomal key, photos of IIL and IIS, selected inversions mapped; as S. soubrense ‘Beffa’ and ‘typical’): Nigeria, West Africa

Post, Cheke, Boakye, Wilson, Osei-Atweneboana, Tetteh-Kumah, Lamberton, Crainey, Yaméogo & Basáñez (2013, notes on inversion 2 L-7): Ghana

Simulium squamosum Vajime & Dunbar

Dunbar & Vajime (1971, cytodendrogram; as ‘Bille’): Cameroon

Dunbar & Vajime (1972, characterization, cytodendrogram, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Bille’): Burkina Faso, Cameroon

Quillévéré (1974, characterization; drawings of IL, IIL, and IIIL; idiogram; inversions mapped on drawings; as ‘Bille’): West Africa

Vajime (1974, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of chromosomes I and II and sex chromosomes, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Bille’): Burkina Faso, Cameroon

Vajime & Dunbar (1974, note on sex chromosomes): West Africa

Quillévéré (1975, 1979, characterization; drawings of IL, IIL, IIIL, and polytene complement; idiogram; inversions mapped on drawings; as ‘Bille’): West Africa

Vajime & Dunbar (1975, characterization, chromosomal key, cytodendrogram, formal name for ‘Bille’ form of Dunbar & Vajime 1971, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of chromosomes I and II and sex chromosomes, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Burkina Faso, Cameroon

Dunbar (1976, cytodendrogram): [West Africa]

World Health Organization (1977, cytodendrogram): West Africa

Vajime & Quillévéré (1978, hybrid with S. sanctipauli ): Nigeria

Dunbar (1979, cytodendrogram): West Africa

Dunbar & Baldwin (1979, cytodendrogram): [West Africa]

Dunbar and Vajime (1979 a, 1981, cytodendrogram): West Africa

Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram): [West Africa]

Vajime & Dunbar (1979, cytodendrogram, photos of all arms): [West Africa]

Meredith (1980, characterization, frequencies of inversion polymorphisms, low-magnification photo of polytene complement): West Africa

Post (1982b, photo of IIL): Ghana

Post (1984, photo of IL): West Africa

Post (1986, photo of IS): Sierra Leone

Güzelhan (1987, photo of III with heteromorphic centromere region): Liberia

Vajime (1987, low-magnification photos of IL, IIS, and IIL): Africa

Meredith, Boakye, Raybould & Cheke (1987, experimental hybridization with ‘Beffa’ form of S. soubrense , idiogram, photos of all arms of hybrid complement): Benin / Togo

Elsen & Post (1989, characterization, idiogram, inversions mapped, original description of subspecies [kitetense], photos of polytene complement and all arms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as S. squamosum kitetense ): Democratic Republic of Congo (ex Zaïre)

Maegga (1992, cytodendrogram): [West Africa]

Mafuyai (1992, notes on geographic variation, photos of polytene complement and IIL): Nigeria

Boakye (1993, characterization, cytodendrogram [superficial], inversions mapped, photos of all arms and selected polymorphisms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): West Africa

Mafuyai, Post, Vajime & Molyneux (1996, notes on sex chromosomes): Nigeria

Bassey (1998, characterization): Cameroon, Nigeria

Boakye (1999, characterization, cytodendrogram [superficial], inversions mapped, photos of all arms and selected polymorphisms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): West Africa

Higazi, Boakye, Wilson, Mahmoud, Baraka, Mukhtar & Unnasch (2000, cytodendrogram): Africa (country unspecified)

Traore-Lamizana, Somiari, Mafuyai, Vajime & Post (2001, characterization of new cytoforms [‘A’, ‘B’, and ‘C’], photos of CI): Cameroon, Nigeria

Mustapha, Post, Enyong & Lines (2004, characterization, new cytoform recognized [‘D’], photos of chromosome I): Cameroon

Ibeh, Nwoke, Adegoke & Mafuyai (2006, notes on sex chromosomes): Nigeria

Krüger & Hennings (2006, cytodendrogram vis à vis molecular phylogeny): West Africa

Mansiangi, Kiyombo, Mulumba, Josens & Krüger (2007, notes on CI polymorphism): Democratic Republic of Congo

Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions; as S. squamosum ‘A [typical]’, ‘B’, ‘C’, ‘D’, ‘E [type III]’, and S. squamosum kitetense ): Africa (various countries)

Post, Onyenwe, Somiari, Mafuyai, Crainey & Ubachukwu (2011, chromosomal key; photos of CI region, IS, IIL, and polytene complement; selected inversions mapped; as S. squamosum ‘A [typical]’, ‘B’, ‘C’, ‘D’): Cameroon, Nigeria

Simulium thyolense Vajime, Tambala, Krüger & Post

Vajime & Gregory (1990, characterization, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Thyolo’): Malawi

Maegga (1992, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, new cytoform recognized [‘Kiwira’], photos of all chromosomes and selected polymorphisms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Kiwira’): Tanzania

Maegga & Cupp (1993, characterization; inversions mapped; photos of IIS, IIL, and IIIL; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Kiwira’): Tanzania

Maegga & Cupp (1994, characterization, chromosomal key, inversions mapped, photos of IIL and IIIL; as ‘Kiwira form’): Tanzania

Krüger (1996, 1998, description, photos of chromosomes II and III, selected inversions mapped; as ‘Kiwira’): Malawi

Higazi, Boakye, Wilson, Mahmoud, Baraka, Mukhtar & Unnasch (2000, cytodendrogram): Africa (country unspecified)

Vajime, Tambala, Krüger & Post (2000, characterization; formal name for ‘Thyolo’ form of Vajime & Gregory 1990; idiogram; inversions mapped; low-resolution photos of IIS, IIL, and IIIL; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Malawi

Krüger & Hennings (2004, characterization, notes on geographic variation, partial photos of IIL and IIIL): Malawi, Tanzania

Krüger, Kalinga, Post & Maegga (2004, characterization, inversions mapped, new cytoform recognized [‘Nyika’], photo of IIIL, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Malawi, Tanzania

Mustapha, Krüger, Tambala & Post (2005, frequencies and photos of polymorphisms in IIL end): Malawi

Krüger (2006, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of IL and IIL partial, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Kiwira’ and ‘Nyika’): Malawi, Tanzania

Post, Krüger & Somiari (2006a, note on laser microdissection of polytene chromosomes for molecular analysis): [ Tanzania]

Post, Krüger & Somiari (2006b, laser microdissection of polytene chromosomes for molecular analysis): Tanzania

Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions; as S. thyolense s. l., ‘Nyika’, and ‘typical [Kiwira]’): Malawi, Tanzania

Maegga, Kalinga, Kabula, Post & Krüger (2011, characterization, frequency of inversion polymorphisms, hybrids with ‘Kasyabone’, inversions mapped, photos of chromosomes II and III [low magnification] and selected polymorphisms): Tanzania

Simulium yahense Vajime & Dunbar

Dunbar & Vajime (1971, cytodendrogram; as ‘Yah’): Liberia

Dunbar & Vajime (1972, characterization, cytodendrogram, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘Yah’): Ivory Coast, Liberia

Quillévéré (1974, 1975, 1979, characterization; drawings of IL, IIL, and IIIL; idiogram; inversions mapped on drawings; as ‘Yah’): West Africa

Vajime (1974, characterization; cytodendrogram; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of all arms, centric fusion, and polytene complement [low magnification]; resolution relative to S. damnosum standard; as ‘Yah’): Ivory Coast, Liberia

Vajime & Dunbar (1974, note on sex chromosomes): West Africa

Quillévéré & Pendriez (1975, hybrids with S. sanctipauli [as ‘Bandama’] and S. soubrense [as ‘Soubré’]; as ‘Yah’): Ivory Coast

Vajime & Dunbar (1975, characterization, chromosomal key, cytodendrogram, formal name for ‘Yah’ form of Dunbar & Vajime 1971, hybrids with S. sanctipauli , idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of all arms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): Ivory Coast, Liberia

Dunbar (1976, cytodendrogram, hybrids with S. sanctipauli ): [West Africa]

World Health Organization (1977, cytodendrogram): West Africa

Vajime & Quillévéré (1978, hybrids with S. sanctipauli and S. soubrense ): Ivory Coast, Nigeria

Dunbar (1979, cytodendrogram, hybrids with S. sanctipauli [as ‘Bandama’]; as ‘Yah’): West Africa

Dunbar and Vajime (1979 a, 1981, cytodendrogram): West Africa

Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram): [West Africa]

Meredith (1980, characterization, frequencies of inversion polymorphisms, low-magnification photo of polytene complement): West Africa

Kashan (1985, characterization, photos of IIL, selected inversion mapped): Liberia

Procunier (1985, 1989, photo of chromosome I [partial] from adult Malpighian tubules): Ivory Coast

Vajime (1987, low-magnification photos of ectopic pairing, IS, IIIS, IIIL, IIIL [as IIL] end, and polytene complement): Africa

Boakye (1993, 1999, characterization, cytodendrogram [superficial], photos of all arms, resolution relative to S. damnosum standard): West Africa

Post, Mas, Millest & Flook (1995, characterization, new cytoform recognized [‘Bioko’]): Equatorial Guinea

Bassey (1998, characterization; as S. yahense and ‘Bioko form’): Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria

Higazi, Boakye, Wilson, Mahmoud, Baraka, Mukhtar & Unnasch (2000, cytodendrogram): Africa (country unspecified)

Traore-Lamizana, Somiari, Mafuyai, Vajime & Post (2001, note on sex linkage): Cameroon, Nigeria

Post, Flook, Millest, Cheke, McCall, Wilson, Mustapha, Somiari, Davies, Mank, Geenen, Enyong, Sima & Mas (2003, characterization; as ‘Bioko form’): Equatorial Guinea

Krüger & Hennings (2006, cytodendrogram vis à vis molecular phylogeny): West Africa

Post, Mustapha & Krüger (2007, list of diagnostic and fixed inversions; as S. yahense ‘Bioko’ and ‘typical’): Africa (various countries)

Post, Onyenwe, Somiari, Mafuyai, Crainey & Ubachukwu (2011, chromosomal key, photos of IIL, selected inversions mapped; as S. yahense ‘Bioko , and ‘typical’): Nigeria