Pseudolatirus bilineatus ( Naumann, 1852 )

Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. & Vermeij, Geerat J., 2024, The Dolicholatiridae and Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea, Zootaxa 5470 (1), pp. 1-92 : 60-63

Pseudolatirus bilineatus ( Naumann, 1852)

Figs 2Q , 4N , 26A–C

[ Fusus ] bilineatus Part. — Hauer 1837: 418 (pars) [nomen nudum].

[ Fusus ] bilineatus Partsch — Hörnes 1848: 19 (pars) [nomen nudum].

* Fusus bilineatus — Naumann 1852: plate captions, pl. 70, fig. 7.

Fusus bilineatus Partsch — Naumann 1854: 1066.

Fusus bilineatus Partsch —Hörnes 1853: 295 (pars) [non pl. 32, figs 11–12 = Pseudofusus stahlschmidti nov. sp.].

Fusus bilineatus —Quenstedt 1884: 601, pl. 209, fig. 10.

Fasciolaria bilineata Partsch — Handmann 1888: 18, pl. 2, fig. 24.

Fasciolaria bilineata Partsch —Hoernes & Auinger 1890: 264 (pars).

Dolicholathyrus (Pseudolathyrus) bilineatus (Partsch) — Cossmann 1901: 24, pl. 2, figs 11–12.

Latirus (Pseudolatirus) bilineatus (Ptsch.) — Boettger 1902: 38.

Lathyrus (Pseudolathyrus) bilineatus (Partsch) — Boettger 1906: 49.

Fasciolaria bilineata Partsch — Schaffer 1908: 109, pl. 2, fig. 10.

Dolicholathyrus (Pseudolathyrus) bilineatus Partsch – Peyrot 1928: 55, pl. 6, figs 10–11.

Lathyrus (Pseudolathyrus) bilineatus (Partsch) — Sieber 1937: 132.

Lathyrus (Dolicolathyrus [sic]) bilineatus (Partsch) — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1956: 408, pl. 7, figs 40–41, pl. 8, figs 3–6. L [athyrulus]. (P [seudolatirus].) bilineatus (Partsch) — Sieber 1958: 152.

Latirus (Pseudolathyrus) bilineatus (Partsch) — Báldi 1960: 75.

Latirus (Dolicholatirus) bilineatus Partsch 1856 —Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960: 188, pl. 46, figs 2a–b. Latirus (Pseudolatirus) bilineatus (Partsch) von Hauer , sp. 1837— Glibert 1963: 131.

Latirus (Dolicholatirus) bilineatus Partsch (in Hauer), 1837— Strausz 1966: 350, pl. 28, figs 4–13.

Lathyrus (Dolicholathyrus) bilineatus (Partsch) — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972: 30: pl. 13, figs 1–2.

Latirus (Pseudolatirus) bilineatus (Partsch) — Schultz 1998: 68, pl. 27, fig. 5.

Pseudolatirus bilineatus (M. Hörnes, 1853) — Snyder 1999: 6.

Pseudolatirus bilineatus (Hörnes) — Stahlschmidt & Fraussen, 2012: 86, figs 19–20 [non figs 21–22 = Pseudofusus stahlschmidti nov. sp.].

Latirus bilineatus (Partsch in Hauer, 1837)— Popa et al. 2014: 13, pl. 4, fig. 1.

Pseudolatirus bilineatus (M. Hörnes, 1853) — Lozouet 2015: 31, pl. 10, figs 1–4, pl. 11, fig. 9.

Pseudolatirus bilineatus (Hörnes, 1853) — Kantor et al. 2018: 16, figs 3F [non fig. 3G = Pseudofusus stahlschmidti nov. sp.].

Pseudolatirus bilineatus (Hörnes, 1853) — Kovács 2022: 80, figs 47–48.

Pseudolatirus bilineatus (Hörnes, 1853) — Kovács & Vicián 2023: 236, fig. 6P.

non Pseudolathyrus bilineatus (Partsch) — Sacco 1904: 26, pl. 7, fig. 31–32 [= Fusininae indet.].

Type material. Neotype: NHMW 1846/0037/0264e, SL: 37.8 mm, MD: 11.2 mm, Möllersdorf ( Austria), Figs 4N , 26A 1 –A 2 . The status of the type of this species is complex. Stahlschmidt & Fraussen (2012: 86) designated specimen NHMW 1846/0037/0263 from Möllersdorf ( Austria) as lectotype ( Stahlschmidt & Fraussen, 2012: figs 19–20), which was illustrated again by Kantor et al. (2018: figs 3F). In both papers, specimen NHMW 1846/0037/0264 from Baden ( Austria) was illustrated as paralectotype ( Stahlschmidt & Fraussen, 2012: figs 21–22; Kantor et al. (2018: figs 3G). The latter specimen was also illustrated by Hörnes (1853: pl. 32, figs 11) but this specimen is not conspecific with Pseudolatirus bilineatus as currently perceived. All authors, including the senior author of this work, who provided the information on the supposed types to Stahlschmidt & Fraussen (2012), had overlooked that the name Fusus bilineatus was made available already by Naumann (1852). Therefore, none of the specimens illustrated by Hörnes (1853), Stahlschmidt & Fraussen (2012) and Kantor et al. (2018) can serve as type material. The illustrations in Naumann (1852) were provided by Paul Maria Partsch (1791–1856) and Moritz Hörnes (1815– 1868) (see Naumann 1854: 1963, footnote) and were based on material from the Natural History Museum Vienna. The manuscript of Partsch with these illustrations is still preserved. Nevertheless, it is not possible to identify the specimens drawn by Partsch in the collection. Therefore, we designate a neotype.

Illustrated material. NHMW 1846/0037/0264g, SL: 33.8 mm, MD: 9.4 mm, Baden ( Austria), Figs 26B 1 –B 2 . NHMW 2023/0338/0022, SL: 39.2 mm, MD: 12.6 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania), Figs 2Q , 26C 1 –C 2 .

Additional material. NHMW 1846 /0037/0264, Möllersdorf ( Austria), SL: 21.2 mm , MD: 7.1 mm, illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 31, fig 12); NHMW 1937 /0002/0292, Bad Vöslau ( Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1908: pl. 2, fig. 10); 54 spec. , NHMW 1846 /0037/0263, Baden and Möllersdorf ( Austria); 24 spec , NHMW 2023 /0371/0001 (A1419), Baden-Sooss ( Austria), including specimen illustrated in Schultz (1998: pl. 27, fig. 5); 80 spec. , NHMW 1846 /0028/0006, Baden ( Austria); 30 spec. , NHMW 1862 /0001/0210, Baden ( Austria); 20 spec. , NHMW 1866 /0001/1073, Forchtenau ( Austria); 18 spec. , NHMW 1866 /0011/0297, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania); 42 spec. , NHMW 1854 /0035/0220, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania); 18 spec. , NHMW 1867 /0019/0118, CoŞteiu de Sus ( Romania) .

Revised description. Medium sized, slender fusiform, of up to seven teleoconch whorls; apical angle ~35°. Protoconch multispiral, high conical, weakly cyrtoconoid of 3.5 weakly convex whorls, diameter 1100 μm, height 1200 μm. Last protoconch whorl with comma-shaped axial riblets. Transition to teleoconch marked by onset of two prominent spiral cords overrunning weak axial ribs; spirals slightly swollen over ribs, becoming subobsolete in axial interspaces. Axial ribs subobsolete on later teleoconch whorls. Whorls with very narrow subsutural collar, steep, slightly concave subsutural ramp and marked angulation at shoulder delimited by adapical spiral cord. Spire whorls smooth except for two rows of spirally elongated nodes developed on spiral cords overrunning subobsolete axials and delicate growth lines. Last whorl high, attaining 63–65% of total height, slender, bearing 1–3 spiral rows of weak nodes mid-whorl; base strongly constricted with weak, narrow, widely spaced spiral cords. Aperture elongate, narrowly pyriform. Columellar callus adherent, poorly delimited from base. Columella weakly excavated with up to three weak, narrow, oblique columellar folds on abapical half. Anal canal weakly incised to indistinct, small parietal denticle present in some specimens, anal denticle absent. Outer lip thin, most specimens devoid of lirae, when present lirae variable in number and strength. Siphonal canal extraordinarily long, slightly deflected to the left, moderately narrow, shallowly notched.

Discussion. This is the most abundant fasciolariid in the Paratethyan assemblages and the NHMW houses thousands of specimens from the offshore clays of the Vienna Basin. The species is characterized by a large, multispiral protoconch, which bears prominent axial ribs, and the peculiar sculpture of two rows of spirally elongate nodes. We are not aware of any related species. Pleistocene and extant species, previously placed in Pseudolatirus , have been placed in Crassibougia by Stahlschmidt & Fraussen (2012) and in Takashius Kantor, Fedosov, Snyder & Bouchet, 2022 [= Okutanius Kantor, Fedosov, Snyder & Bouchet, 2018 ], Granulifusus Kuroda & Habe, 1954 ( Kantor et al. 2018) and Vermeijius Kantor, Fedosov, Snyder & Bouchet, 2018 by Kantor et al. (2018).

Occurrences from the Eggenburgian/Ottnangian (Early Miocene) of the North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin (Gernergraben, Kaltenbachgraben in Germany) mentioned by Steininger (1973) will need confirmation and are excluded from the chresonymy.

Paleoenvironment. This species occurs in the clays of the Baden Formation in the Vienna Basin, suggesting middle to outer neritic environments in up to 250 m water depth ( Kranner et al. 2021).

Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (Middle Miocene): Vienna Basin: Baden, Bad Vöslau, Baden-Sooss, Enzesfeld, Möllersdorf, Niederleis ( Austria) (Hoernes &Auinger 1890); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau, Marz ( Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Pannonian Basin: Borsod, Letkés, Szob, Szokolya ( Hungary) ( Báldi 1960; Strausz 1966; Kovács & Vicián 2023); Bükk Mountains: Bükkmogyorósd, Borsodbóta ( Hungary) ( Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus, CoŞteiu de Sus ( Romania) ( Kovács 2022); Dacian Basin: Staropatica, Urovene ( Bulgaria) (Kojumdgieva in Kojumdgieva & Strachimirov 1960).

Genus Takashius Kantor, Fedosov, Snyder & Bouchet, 2022

Type species. Fusolatirus kuroseanus Okutani, 1975 , original designation by Kantor et al. 2018: 36. Present-day, Indo-West Pacific.

Original diagnosis. “ Shell medium-size, reaching 30 mm, fusiform to broad fusiform, strong, with spiral colour bands. Teleoconch whorls evenly strongly convex, shell base sharply narrowing towards long, weakly sinuous siphonal canal. Protoconch multispiral, of 3–3.75 whorls. Axial sculpture of distinct broad, weakly opisthocline, closely spaced ribs. Spiral sculpture of distinct primary cords, subequal in size, and much thinner cordlets between them. Aperture narrow, oval, relatively small, columella with several weak plicae. No distinct parietal knob ” ( Kantor et al. 2018: 36).

Discussion. Takashius Kantor, Fedosov, Snyder & Bouchet, 2022 is a replacement name for Okutanius Kantor, Fedosov, M. A. Snyder & Bouchet, 2018 non D.R. Smith, 1981 [Hymenoptera].

Takashius is highly reminiscent of Granulifusus Kuroda & Habe, 1954 concerning its sculpture [type species Fusus niponicus E.A. Smith, 1879, present-day, western Pacific]. As pointed out by Kantor et al. (2018: 37) the separation between Takashius and Granulifusus is difficult without molecular data, but as rule of thumb Takashius does not attain the large size of Granulifusus . Takashius is also reminiscent in shape and sculpture of Parvofusus Tabanelli, 2014 [type species Fusus lamellosus Borson, 1821 ; original designation by Tabanelli (2014: 32). Pliocene, Mediterranean Sea] but Parvofusus lacks columellar folds (see Ruggieri et al. 1959: pl. 17, fig. 103).

Takashius is known so far only from extant species in the Indo-West Pacific. In addition, we include the Pliocene Mediterranean Takashius ligusticus ( Bellardi, 1884) , the Late Miocene Takashius cognatus ( Bellardi, 1884) , from the Tortonian of Stazzano ( Italy) and the herein newly described Middle Miocene Paratethyan Takashius vinculum nov. sp. and Takashius kantori nov. sp. in this genus, suggesting a Western Tethyan origin of the genus.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Measurements for shell morphology; AA: apical angle, SL: shell length, MD: maximum diameter, LWH: last whorl height, AH: aperture height, AL: aperture length, AW: aperture width, S: siphonal canal.

FIGURE 2. Protoconchs of Paratethyan Fasciolariidae. A. Dulaiania pleurotomoides (Hoernes & Auinger 1890), holotype, NHMW 1855/0043/0041. B. Aurantilaria tarbelliana (Grateloup, 1845), NHMW 1865/0001/0210, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). C. Polygona vindobonensis (Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1956), NHMW 2023/0350/0005, Bad Vöslau (Austria). D. Eurolatirus ornatus (d’Orbigny, 1852), NHMW 1846/0037/0257, Gainfarn (Austria). E. Tarantinaea hoernesii (Seguenza, 1875), NHMW 1853/0002/0052, Bad Vöslau (Austria). F. Snyderifusus prevosti (Hörnes, 1853), NHMW 1851/0006/0003, lectotype, Vienna/ Grinzing (Austria). G. Cryptoneolatirus bellardii (Hörnes, 1854), NHMW 1865/0001/0211, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). H. Neolatirus recticauda (Fuchs in Karrer, 1877), holotype, NHMW 1883/0002/4168, Rauchstallbrunn-Graben at Baden (Austria). I. Turrilatirus moravicus (Hoernes & Auinger, 1890), NHMW 1866/0001/0860e, paralectotype, Niederleis (Austria). J. Angustifusus hoessii (Naumann,1852), NHMW2023/0350/0006, BadVöslau (Austria).K. Angustifususvindobonensis (Hoernes & Auinger, 1890), NHMW 2023/0338/0020, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). L. Fraudifusinus pseudocrispoides nov. sp., NHMW 1868/0001/0462, paratype, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). M. Fraudifusinus crispoides (Kittl, 1887), NHMW 2023/0350/0013, Bad Vöslau (Austria). N. Pseudofusus rostratoides nov. sp., NHMW 1864/0001/0204, paratype, Gainfarn (Austria). O. Pseudofusus balteus nov. sp., NHMW 2023/0370/0001, holotype, Letkés (Hungary). P. Pseudofusus stahlschmidti nov. sp., NHMW 1846/0037/0264, holotype, Baden (Austria). Q. Pseudolatirus bilineatus (Naumann, 1852), NHMW 2023/0338/0022, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). R. Takashius vinculum nov. sp., NHMW 2023/0348/0008, paratype, Steinebrunn (Austria). S. Takashius boettgeri (Kovács, 2022), NHMW 2023/0338/0023, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania).

FIGURE 26. Pseudolatirus bilineatus (Naumann, 1852). A1–A2. NHMW 1846/0037/0264e, neotype, Möllersdorf (Austria). B1–B2. NHMW 1846/0037/0264g, Baden (Austria). C1–C2. NHMW 2023/0338/0022, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania).

FIGURE4.Columellar featuresof ParatethyanFasciolariidae.A.Dulaianiapleurotomoides(Hoernes&Auinger1890),holotype, NHMW 1855/0043/0041. B. Polygona vindobonensis (Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1956), NHMW 1860/001/0245, Steinebrunn (Austria). C. Eurolatirus ornatus (d’Orbigny, 1852), NHMW 2023/0351/0004, Enzesfeld (Austria). D. Tarantinaea hoernesii (Seguenza, 1875), NHMW 1846/0037/0279, lectotype, Steinebrunn (Austria). E. Neolatirus recticauda (Fuchs in Karrer, 1877), holotype, NHMW 1883/0002/4168, Rauchstallbrunn-Graben at Baden (Austria). F. Cryptoneolatirus bellardii (Hörnes, 1854), NHMW 1865/0001/0211, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). G. Turrilatirus moravicus (Hoernes & Auinger, 1890), NHMW 1866/0001/0860e, paralectotype, Niederleis (Austria). H. Angustifusus hoessii (Naumann, 1852), NHMW 2023/0367/0002, Baden-Sooss (Austria). I. Angustifusus vindobonensis (Hoernes & Auinger, 1890), NHMW 1846/0037/0262a. J. Fraudifusinus crispoides (Kittl, 1887), NHMW 2023/0350/0009, Bad Vöslau (Austria). K. Fraudifusinus crispoides (Kittl, 1887), NHMW 2023/0350/0010, Bad Vöslau (Austria). L. Fraudifusinus pseudocrispoides nov. sp., NHMW 1870/0033/0102, paratype, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). M. Fraudifusinus grundensis nov. sp., NHMW 1855/0045/0720b, holotype, Grund (Austria). N. Pseudolatirus bilineatus (Naumann, 1852), NHMW 1846/0037/0264e, neotype, Möllersdorf (Austria). O. Takashius boettgeri (Kovács, 2022), NHMWA1426, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). P. Takashius vinculum nov. sp., NHMW 1868/0001/0083, paratype, Möllersdorf (Austria).