Canthon (Peltecanthon) splendidus Schmidt, 1922

Nunes, Luis Gabriel de O. A., Nunes, Rafael V. & Vaz-De, Fernando Z., 2020, Taxonomic revision of the South American subgenus Canthon (Peltecanthon) Pereira, 1953 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini), European Journal of Taxonomy 594, pp. 1-27 : 13-15

Canthon (Peltecanthon) splendidus Schmidt, 1922

Figs 5–6

Canthon splendidus Schmidt, 1922: 68 , 81, 93.

Canthon splendidus – Balthasar 1939: 209 (key) — Halffter & Martínez 1977: 76 (as junior synonym of Canthon auricollis ).

Canthon (Peltecanthon) splendidus – Vaz-de-Mello & Cupello 2018a: 46; 2018b: 67–68, figs 101–102.

Diagnosis

Canthon splendidus can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: elytra and pronotum with different colouration, with pronotum bright with golden or red reflections, and elytra blue-green ( Fig. 5A ). In the legs the metafemora with no groove at base ( Fig. 5B ). Hypomere with a strong excavation in the anterior region, with a thick transverse carina between the anterior and posterior portion projecting to near the lateral margin and never only up to the median region ( Fig. 5C ). Propygidium with a moderate carina near pygidium border ( Fig. 5D ). In lateral view In lateral view ( Fig. 6A ) parameres flattened; a strongly sinuous apex, never slightly sinuous or truncated, with a deep excavation near the upper angle; rounded upper angle; lower angle much less than 90°. In dorsal view ( Fig. 6B ): membranous portion separates the parameres, wider in the central region and narrower at the base and apex. Internal sac ( Fig. 6 C–D) with peripheral fronto-lateral sclerite (FLP) involving the axial sclerite (A), where the two structures form a complex with a central duct, wider at the base, with a subtle tapering in the median region and sharp apex; subaxial sclerite (SA) absent; peripheral medial sclerite (MP) lateral to FLP + A, tapered region with the sharper part passing within a semiduct formed by MP; superior right peripheral sclerite (SRP) circular and with lateral prolongation.

Material examined

Lectotype

BRAZIL • ♂, lectotype of Canthon splendidus Schmidt, 1922 (designated by Vaz-de-Mello & Cupello 2018b: 68); 1 (white label) “ Canthon splendidus A. Schmidt n. sp. ” / 2 (green label) “Esp. Santo” / 3 (green label) “Coll C Felsche, Kauf 20, 1918” / 4 (red label, black border) “ LECTOTYPE Canthon splendidus Schmidt , des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014 ( SMTD)”.

Paralectotypes

BRAZIL: 1 ♂; 1 (green label) “Esp. Santo” / 2 (green label) “Coll C Felsche, Kauf 20, 1918” / 3 (red label) “ splendidus ” / 4 (yellow label, black border) “ PARALECTOTYPE Canthon splendidus Schmidt , des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014 ( SMTD)” • 3 ♂♂; 1 (green label) “Esp. Santo” / 2 (green label) “Coll C Felsche, Kauf 20, 1918” / 3 (yellow label, black border) “ PARALECTOTYPE Canthon splendidus Schmidt , des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 2014 ( SMTD)”.

Other material (18 specs)

BRAZIL – Minas Gerais • 1 ♂; Barão de Cocais , Mina Gongo Soco ; 43º33′54″ W, 19º57′15″ S; Oct. 2011; A. F. Murta leg.; floresta; “fezes”; CEMT • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collecting data as for preceding; 43º33′54″ W, 19º57′9″ S; Sep. 2011; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collecting data as for preceding; 43º33′39″ W, 19º57′9″ S; Nov. 2011; CEMT • 1 ♂; Barão de Cocais, Vale Mineração , 43º33′51″ W, 19º57′17″ S; 860 m a.s.l.; 4 Nov. 2011; R.N. Mota leg.; forest, rain season; human dung; CEMT • 1 ♂; same collecting data as for preceding; 43º40′16″ W, 20º03′9″ S; 1481 m a.s.l.; 10 Oct. 2010; R.N. Mota leg.; forest/rock field, dry season; human dung; CEMT • 3 ♂♂; Mariana , Mina Timbopeba ; 43º29′59″ W, 20º14′59″ S; Oct. 2011; A. F. Murta leg.; floresta; “fezes”; CEMT • 1 ♂; same collecting data as for preceding; 43º29′46″ W, 20º17′7″ S; Oct. 2011; CEMT . – Espírito Santo • 1 ♀; Vargem Alta ; 15 Sep. 1995; J.C.N. Louzada leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; same collecting data as for preceding; Louzada and Louzada leg.; mata, F#4; CEMT • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collecting data as for preceding; 680 m a.s.l.; J.C.N. Louzada leg.; CEMT • 1 ♂; Marechal Floriano ; Jan. 2003; L. Dias leg.; CEMT . – Rio de Janeiro • 1 ♂; Itatiaia, PARNA de Itatiaia ; 44º38′10″ W, 22º25′20″ S; 1650 m a.s.l.; 23–26 Dec. 2011; C. Araújo and R. Andrade leg.; CEMT .

Redescription

Male

MEASUREMENTS. Body length (except the head): 9.5 mm, pronotum width: 6.0 mm.

COLOUR. Dorsally, pronotum and elytra with distinct colouration elytra dark blue, pronotum green with bright red and yellow reflections ( Fig. 5A ).

HEAD. Green with bright yellow. Dorsal surface with small spots equally spaced. Two clypeal teeth triangular, with rounded apex, separated by a V-shaped emargination, with two dorsal tufts of setae and two ventral tufts. Clypeo-genal suture present ( Fig. 5A ).

PRONOTUM. Pronotal disc smooth, green with small bright red and yellow spots, equally spaced; Anterior angles acute ( Fig. 5A ).

ELYTRA. Striae narrow, always distinct; interstriae wide, flat.

HYPOMERON. Dark blue and black, chagrinated microsculpture; sparse setae present on anterior portion and anterolaterally; strong transverse carina along ⅔ of the whole length; anterior portion little excavated, with prominent teeth anterolaterally ( Fig. 5C ).

LEGS. Protibiae with three teeth; protibial spur flattened dorsoventrally, bifid, with medial and lateral bifurcation, triangular, different sizes, asymmetrical ( Fig. 5E ). Meso- and metafemora with ventral side lacking anterior and posterior margin; metafemora with a narrower and longer base, claviform; metafemoral ventral surface with spots at the base ( Fig. 5B ).

ABDOMEN. Ventrites with few setae, chagrinated, black and blue.

PYGIDIUM. As wide as long; blue with bright green and yellow; basal margin little expanded ( Fig. 5D ).

PARAMERES. Flattened laterally; on lateral view, apical portion with a long sinuosity; on dorsal view, central membranous portion enlarged in the centre ( Fig. 6 A–B).

INTERNAL SAC. Fronto-lateral peripheral sclerite (FLP) involving axial sclerite (A), forming a central duct with spiniform apex; subaxial sclerite (SA) absent; medial peripheral sclerite (MP) semicircular, widely emarginated, with the internal margin with a lobe on the extremity (without central tooth); external margin sinuous with a lobe on the extremity, lobes separated by a U-shaped margin; apex of FLP + A involved by MP; superior right peripheral sclerite (SRP) circular with lateral prolongation in the dorsoventral direction ( Fig. 6 C–D).

MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION. Body length (except the head) ranges from 9.5 mm to 12 mm; pronotum width from 6 to 7.5 mm. Pronotum with bright reflections, according to the viewing angle, between different intensities of green, red and yellow.

Female

LEGS. Protibial spur with medial and lateral bifurcation, triangular, equal in size, symmetrical ( Fig. 5F ).

Remarks

For a long time, this species was identified as Canthon auricollis Redtenbacher, 1868 , but the examination of the type specimens of both nominal species allowed Vaz-de-Mello & Cupello (2018a) to conclude that, in fact, the latter name refers to a another species belonging to Canthon s. str., closely related to C. lividus Blanchard, 1846 . It is an insect that can be considered very rare and can only be collected at altitudes usually over 1000 m. The predominance of pronotal sheen varies from golden yellow to red.

Distribution

High altitude in the Atlantic Forest along the coast of Brazil, in the states of Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro ( Fig. 10 ).

Figures

Fig. 5. Canthon (Peltecanthon) splendidus Schmidt, 1922. A–E. Male, Minas Gerais, Barão do Cocais, Mina Gongo Soco (CEMT). A. Dorsal habitus. B. Ventral surface of meso- and metafemora. C. Transverse carina in the hypomeron. D. Carina in the margin between pygidium and propygidium. E. Male protibial spur. F. Female protibial spur, Espírito Santo, Vargem Alta (CEMT).

Fig. 6. Canthon (Peltecanthon) splendidus Schmidt, 1922, ♂, Rio de Janeiro, Marechal Floriano (CEMT). A. Parameres lateral view. B. Parameres dorsal view. C. Internal sac ventral view. D. Internal sac dorsal view. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

Fig. 10. Distribution map for species of Peltecanthon: C. (P.) staigi (Pereira, 1953) (blue circle); C. (P.) haroldi Harold, 1867 nom. nov. (green square); C. (P.) splendidus Schmidt, 1922 (yellow triangle); C. (P.) terciae sp. nov. (red circle)