Chalarus spurius ( Fallén, 1816 ), Fallen, 1816

Kehlmaier, Christian & Assmann, Thorsten, 2008, The European species of Chalarus Walker, 1834 revisited (Diptera: Pipunculidae), Zootaxa 1936, pp. 1-39 : 27

Chalarus spurius ( Fallén, 1816)

Cephalops spurius Fallén, 1816: 16 .

Atelenevra velutina Macquart, 1835: 12 . syn. nov.

Diagnosis: Male with legs and hairs on femora dark brown. Genitalia with surstyli as in Fig. 33 . Phallus ( Fig. 8 ) with straight phs; tdp long and rounded at apex; Lmtdp:Ltdp~2.6; two php which are slightly longer than mtdp; all ejaculatory ducts placed distally on mtdp; ejaculatory apodeme parasol-shaped (as in Fig. 20 ); Female with frontal facets moderately enlarged (J92 Fig. 4 E); frons at narrowest point 1.8–2.5 times diameter of largest frontal facet; flagellum dark brown; legs dark brown but base of femora, area around femoral-tibial joints, apex of tibia and tarsi may be yellowish; pulvilli of all legs of same size, shorter than distitarsus; hairs on femora dark brown but pvsr of mid femur and apical hairs of aasr on hind femora may be mid brown; hairs on thorax and abdomen dark brown; posterior/posterodorsal hair fringe on mid femora ( Fig. 80 ); hind femur with apical hairs of pdsr extending as far as apex; abdominal tergites dark brown; ovipositor as in Figs 63–64 & 67 . See Table 1 for coxI and ITS2 barcode sequence accession numbers.

Annotations: Jervis (1992) reports on a single female C. spurius differing only by its distinctly silver pollinosity, making it resemble a member of his exiguus group, in which he also places the morphologically similar C. argenteus . For a differentiation of C. argenteus from C. spurius see above. Jervis’ Form A of C. spurius is believed to represent intraspecific variability within C. spurius and is not included in the identification key. At MNHN in Paris one male specimen of Chalarus was retrieved showing a hand written label “ velutina ” and “Macq.” in Macquart’s handwriting. The specimen is considered part of the original type series and is designated the lectotype of Atelenevra velutina in accordance with the 4th edition of the ICZN Code, in order to secure the name involved and ensure a universal and consistent interpretation of the taxa in the future. The specimen suffered from pests, with the head, half of the thorax and one leg missing. The abdomen was removed and genitalia dissected and stored together in a microvial on the same pin. The genitalia proved to be conspecific with C. spurius . Jervis (1992) reared the taxon from Eupteryx aurata , Eu. cyclops , Eu. urticae and Eu. melissae . The breeding record of Em. vitis in Waloff & Jervis (1987) is a typographical error.

Figures

FIGURES 24 – 33. Figs 24 – 28. Inner gonopod of male. 24. C. absconditus spec. nov.; 25. C. fimbriatus agg.; 26. C. marki spec. nov.; 27. C. saxonicus spec. nov.; 28. C. griseus. Fig. 29. Inner gonopod and surstylus of male C. immanis spec. nov. Abbreviations: cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; gpd, gonopod; sur, surstylus. Figs 30 – 33. Inner surstylus of male. 30. C. marki spec. nov.; 31. C. juliae; 32. C. absconditus spec. nov.; 33. C. saxonicus spec. nov. Abbreviation: mps, medial protuberance of surstylus. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 7 – 11. Inner male genitalia (phallus). 7. C. decorus; 8. C. spurius; 9. C. zyginae; 10. C. griseus; 11. Chalarus sp. near zyginae. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 12 – 23. Figs 12 – 15. Inner male genitalia (phallus). 12. C. marki spec. nov.; 13. C. indistinctus; 14. C. brevicuadis; 15. C. longicaudis. Figs 16 – 23. Ejaculatory apodeme of male. 16. C. juliae; 17. C. latifrons; 18. C. absconditus spec. nov.; – 19. C. griseus; – 20. C. saxonicus spec. nov.; 21. C. spurius; 22. C. immanis spec. nov.; 23. C. marki spec. nov. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 1 – 6. Inner male genitalia (phallus). 1. C. fimbriatus agg.; 2. C. absconditus spec. nov.; 3. C. clarus; 4. C. immanis spec. nov.; 5. C. juliae; Abbreviations: lower ej. d., lower ejaculatory ductuli; mtdp, membranous tip of distiphallus; php, phallic processes; phs, phallic shaft; tdp, tip of distiphallus; upper ej. d., upper ejaculatory duct; 6. C. latifrons. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 79 – 80. Right mid femur in posterodorsal view with posterior / posterodorsal setal row (other hairs omitted) of female. 79. C. argenteus; 80. C. spurius. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 63 – 75. Female ovipositor. 63 – 64. C. spurius lateral view; 65 – 66. C. argenteus lateral view; 67. C. spurius dorsal view; 68. C. marki spec. nov. dorsal view; 69. C. marki spec. nov. lateral view; 70. C. decorus lateral view; 71. C. indistinctus lateral view; 72. C. longicaudis lateral view; 73. C. brevicaudis lateral view; 74. C. indistinctus dorsal view; 75. C. brevicaudis dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.