Deutella

Guerra-García, José M., 2002, Two new species of Deutella Mayer, 1890 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Pariambidae) collected by the R. V. “ Anton Bruun ” during the International Indian Ocean Expedition 1963 ­ 1964, Zootaxa 74, pp. 1-18 : 3-16

Checklist of Deutella species

Deutella aspiducha Gable & Lazo­Wasem, 1987

Deutella aspiducha Gable & Lazo­Wasem, 1987: 629 ­639.

Deutella californica Mayer, 1890

Deutella californica Mayer, 1890: 27 ­28; Dougherty & Steinberg, 1954: 169, 171; Steinberg & Dougherty, 1957: 279 ­281; McCain, 1968: 54; McCain & Steinberg, 1970: 48; Laubitz, 1970: 16 ­18.

Deutella incerta ( Mayer, 1903)

Luconacia incerta Mayer, 1903: 49 ­50; McCain, 1968: 53 ­54; McCain & Steinberg, 1970. Deutella incerta ; Steinberg & Dougherty, 1957: 281, 285­286; Gable & Lazo­Wasem, 1987: 635 ­636.

Deutella margaritae Guerra­García , in press (a) Deutella margaritae Guerra­García , in press (a)

Deutella mayeri Stebbing, 1895

Deutella mayeri Stebbing, 1985: 400 ­402; Mayer, 1903: 44 ­45; McCain, 1968: 54 ­57; McCain & Steinberg, 1970: 48.

Deutella philippinensis Guerra­García in press (b) Deutella philippinensis Guerra­García , in press (b).

Deutella schieckei Cavedini, 1981

Deutella schieckei Cavedini, 1981: 515 ; Krapp­Schickel, 1993: 794, 796.

Deutella vemae ( McCain & Gray, 1971)

Deutella vemae McCain & Gray, 1971: 123 .

Deutella venenosa Mayer, 1890

Deutella venenosa Mayer, 1890: 28 ; Guerra­García & Thiel, 2001: 879.

Deutella antonbruuni , sp. nov. ( Figs. 1­4 )

Type material: Holotype: male USNM 1005297; Allotype: female USNM 1005298; Paratypes: 1 premature female, 3 juveniles ( USNM 1005299). Holotype, allotype and paratypes collected with Agassiz Trawl, station 391J, 29º21’S, 31º35’E, 57 meters deep, 9.9.1964.

Etymology. The type material of the species was collected on board the vessel “Anton Bruun” during the International Ocean Expedition.The species is named after Anton Bruun, in honor to the noted Danish marine biologist.

fused with head, suture present; pereonites 3 and 4 subequal with pleura well­developed ( Fig. 1 A, 3A); pereonite 5 the longest; pereonite 7 the shortest.

Gills ( Fig. 1 A). Elongate, length about 3 times width.

Mouthparts. Upper lip ( Fig. 2 A) symmetrically bilobed, smooth apically. Mandibles ( Fig. 2 D,E) with 3­articulate palp; distal article of palp with a setal formula 1­2­1; second article provided with 2 simple setae; mandibular molar robust; left mandible ( Fig. 2 D) with incisor and lacinia mobilis 5­toothed followed by three plumose setae; incisor and lacinia mobilis of right mandible ( Fig. 2 E) 6­toothed, followed by 2 plumose setae; molar flake present, rectangular and setose distally. Lower lip ( Fig. 2 B) with well­demarcated inner lobes; inner and outer lobes provided with setulae on apical margin. Maxilla 1 ( Fig. 2 F) outer lobe with 6 robust setae; distal article of the palp with 5 robust setae and 4 teeth distally, and 3 setae medially. Maxilla 2 ( Fig. 2 G) inner lobe rectangular with 6 setae distally; outer lobe slightly larger than inner lobe, with 6 apical setae. Maxilliped ( Fig. 2 C) inner plate rectangular with 4 plumose setae and 1 robust and short seta (like a “tooth”); outer plate about 2.5 times as large as inner plate, with 6 setae; palp 4­articulate, penultimate article of the palp with a distal projection, dactylus without 2 rows of setulae.

Antennae. Antenna 1 ( Fig. 3 C) about 2/5 of body length; flagellum 7­articulate. Antenna 2 ( Fig. 3 D) with short setae (no swimming setae); basal article of the peduncle with a distal projection; flagellum 2­articulate.

Gnathopods. Gnathopod 1 ( Fig. 3 E) basis as long as ischium, merus and carpus combined; propodus length about 1.5 times width, palm with a proximal grasping spine and denticulate margin; dactylus serrate. Gnathopod 2 ( Fig. 3 F) inserted on the anterior half of pereonite 2; basis as long as pereonite 2; ischium rectangular; merus triangular; carpus short and rectangular; propodus elongate, about 1.3 times as long as the basis; palm with a proximal elongate projection carrying one grasping spine and two more triangular projections distally; dactylus long, with a few setulae on ventral margin.

Pereopods. Pereopods 3 ( Fig. 4 A) and 4 ( Fig. 4 B) subequal, 2­articulate, length about 1/5 of gills; basal article rectangular without setae; distal article triangular, a little longer than basal one, with 4 setae on pereopod 3 and 3 setae on pereopod 4. Pereopod 5 missing from this specimen. Pereopod 6 ( Fig. 4 C) and 7 ( Fig. 4 D) similar in feature but increasing in size respectively, 6­articulate; propodus with a proximal grasping spine.

Penes ( Fig. 4 E) rounded, situated laterally, with a suture medially.

Abdomen ( Fig. 4 E) with a pair of appendages, a pair of lateral lobes and a single dorsal lobe. Appendages 1­articulate, acute distally provided with three basal setae, two setae medially and a row of setulae distally.

Allotype femaleBody length 3.2 mm. Flagellum of antenna 1 with 6 articles ( Fig. 1 B). Propodus of gnathopod 2 wider than in male, length about 2 times width ( Fig. 3 G). Oostegites on pereonite 3 setose, on pereonite 4 scarcely setose ( Fig. 1 B). Abdomen without appendages ( Fig. 4 F); lateral lobes with a single setae.

Intraspecific variation. The setal formula of the mandibular palp is constant in the specimens examined (1­2­1); however the number of teeth in the right lacinia mobilis varies between 4 and 6. The morphology of the maxilliped and maxillae is constant. A comparison of the species to the others in the genus is given in table 1.

Deutella indica , sp. nov. ( Figs. 5­8 )

Type material: Holotype: male USNM 1005300; Allotype: female USNM 1005302; Paratypes: 4 females ( USNM 1005303). Holotype, allotype and paratypes collected with Benthic Trawl, station 456, 29 º21’S, 31º35’E, 27­31 meters deep, 17.12.1964.

Lateral view ( Fig. 5 A). Head rounded. Pereonite 1 fused with head, suture present; pereonite 2 with a pair of lateral projections proximally and another pair situated medially ( Fig. 5 A, 7A); pereonites 3 and 4 subequal in size, pleura not well­developed; pereonites 3, 4 and 5 subequal in length; pereonite 7 the shortest.

Gills ( Fig. 5 A). Elongate, length about 4 times width.

Mouthparts. Upper lip ( Fig. 6 A) symmetrically bilobed, smooth apically. Mandibles ( Fig. 6 D,E) with 3­articulate palp; second article with 5 simple setae in the left mandible ( Fig. 6 E) and 6 in the right mandible ( Fig. 6 D); distal article of palp with a setal formula 2­ 7­1 and a medial single seta;; mandibular molar robust; left mandible incisor and lacinia mobilis 5­toothed followed by 3 plumose setae; incisor of right mandible 6­toothed, lacinia mobilis serrate, followed by 2 plumose setae; molar flake present, rectangular and setose distally. Lower lip ( Fig. 6 B) with well­demarcated inner lobes; inner and outer lobes with apical setulae. Maxilla 1 ( Fig. 6 F) outer lobe with 6 robust setae; distal article of the palp with 5 robust setae and 3 teeth distally, and 3 setae medially. Maxilla 2 ( Fig. 6 G) inner lobe rectangular, carrying 9 setae distally; outer lobe, about 1.5 times larger than inner lobe, with ten apical setae. Maxilliped ( Fig. 6 C) inner plate rectangular with 4 plumose setae and one robust, short setae (like a “tooth”); outer plate about 2.5 times as large as inner plate, with 6 setae; palp 4­articulate, setose; penultimate article of the palp with a distal acute projection; dactylus without two rows of setulae.

Antennae. Antenna 1 ( Fig. 7 C) about 2/5 of body length; flagellum with 13 articles. Antenna 2 ( Fig. 7 D) with short setae (no swimming setae); basal article of the peduncle with a distal projection; flagellum 2­articulate.

Gnathopods. Gnathopod 1 ( Fig. 7 E) basis as long as ischium, merus and carpus combined; propodus length about 1.7 times width, palm with a proximal grasping spine and denticulate margin; dactylus strongly serrate. Gnathopod 2 ( Fig. 7 F) inserted on the anterior half of pereonite 2; coxa well­developed and provided with an acute projection; basis as long as pereonite 2; ischium rectangular; merus triangular; carpus short and triangular; propodus elongate, as long as the basis; palm with a proximal projection elongate carrying one grasping spine and 2 triangular projections, medially and distally respectively; dactylus long, with a few setulae on ventral margin.

Pereopods. Pereopods 3 ( Fig. 8 A) and 4 ( Fig. 8 B) subequal, 1­articulate, with 3 setae. Pereopod 5 ( Fig. 8 C) 6­articulate; propodus without grasping spines. Pereopod 6 ( Fig. 8 D) and 7 ( Fig. 8 E) similar in feature but increasing in size respectively, 6­articulate; propodus with a proximal grasping spine.

Penes ( Fig. 8 F) rounded, situated laterally, with a suture medially..

Abdomen ( Fig. 8 F) with a pair of appendages, a pair of lateral lobes and a single dorsal lobe. Appendages 2­articulate; basal article short with three setae; distal article elongate with small setulae and one single setae distally.

Allotype female

Body length 6.4 mm. Pereonite 2 with the proximal projections less developed than in male and the medial projections lacking ( Fig. 5 B, 7B). Propodus of gnathopod 2 wider than in male ( Fig. 7 G). Oostegites on pereonite 3 and 4 setose ( Fig. 5 B). Abdomen without appendages ( Fig. 8 G); lateral lobes with a single seta.

Intraspecific variation. The structure and number of setae on the maxilliped and the maxillae are very constant in all specimens examined. However the setal formula of the mandibular palp is 1­x­ 2 with x ranging from 4 to 7. The number of articles of the antenna 2 flagellum in females varies between 9 and 11.

D. antonbruuni n.sp. D. indica n. sp. D. aspiducha D. californica

Body length (mm) Male 4,5 5,5 4,8 5,5

Female 3,2 6,4 4,2 3,8

Dorsal projections Absent Absent Present Present

Lateral projections on pereonite 2 male Abse nt 2 pairs 1 pair Absent

Antenna 1 flagellar articles Male 7 11 6­7 12

Female 6 9­11 4 12

Antenna 2 flagellar articles 2 2 2 2

Mandibles Knobs on distal article of palp Absent Asent Present Absent

Setal formula 1­x­ 1, x=2 2­x­ 1, x=4­7 1­x­ 1, x=5 1­x­ 1, x=3­5

Left incisor 5­toothed 5­toothed 6­toothed 5­toothed

Right incisor 6­toothed 6­toothed 6­toothed 5­toothed

Left lacinia mobilis 5­toothed 5­toothed Serrate 5­toothed

Rigth lacinia mobilis 6­toothed Serrate Serrate 5­toothed

Molar flake Present Present Absent Absent

Maxilla 1 Distal spines of outer lobe 6 6 5 6

Distal spines of palp 5 5 3 3

Maxilla 2 Setae of outer lobe 6 9 4 4

Setae of inner lobe 6 10 3 5

Maxilliped Inner plate 1 “tooth” 1 “tooth” no “tooth” no “tooth”

4 setae 4 setae 2 setae 3 setae Deutella antonbruuni and D. indica are close to D. mayeri and D. margaritae by lacking dorsal projections. However, differences in the lateral projections, the seta formula, the distal projection on the penultimate article of the mandibular palp, and the morphology of pereopods 3 and 4 revealed that the specimens studied here are new species. A detailed comparison of the avobe morphological characters among the others known species of Deutella are included in table 1.

The setal formula of the mandibular palp in D. indica is unique within the genus Deutella and the family Pariambidae ( Laubitz, 1993) . In general, the setal formula of the third article of the mandibular palp is 1­x­ 1 in Deutella and related genera, or 1­x­y­ 1 in Protella and related genera ( Mayer, 1903; McCain, 1968; Arimoto, 1976; Laubitz, 1993). This formula indicates the presence of one long seta at each end and one row (x) or two rows (x­y)of shorter setae. The seta formula in D. indica has 2 long setae near proximal end followed by 4­7 short setae and one long seta. Thus, the seta formula for the present species is assigned as 2 (long setae near proximal end)­x (number of short setae)­1(long seta near apical end). The diagnosis of the genus Deutella and family Pariambidae have been modified in this study to include this seta formula. The formula 2­x­ 1 has recently been reported in a new species of Paraprotella collected from Phuket Island, Thailand (Takeuchi & Guerra­García, in press).

Laubitz (1993) transferred the genus Deutella from the family Protellidae McCain, 1970 to the new family Pariambidae Laubitz, 1993 , mainly on the basis of lacking a molar flake, a different seta formula than 1­x­y­1 and six instead of seven spiniform setae on the outer plate of the maxilla 1. Although the genus Deutella is considered here to occur within the family Pariambidae , the two new species described here, D. antonbruuni and D. indica , both with a molar flake, do not support Laubitz’s classification. Guerra­García (in press (a)) discussed the validity of the family Pariambidae

* * D. antonbruuni n.sp. D. incerta D. schieckei D. indica n.sp. D. margaritae D. vemae D. aspiducha D. mayeri D. venenosa D. californica D. philippinensis

Deutella antonbruuni and D. indica represent the first record of the genus Deutella for the Indian Ocean. Deutella aspiducha , D. incerta , D. margaritae and D. mayeri are distributed in the tropical Western Atlantic; D. californica has been recorded along the North Pacific coast of North America; D. venenosa occurs from Central Chile, D. vemae is known from Subantarctic waters of South America, D. schieckei was described from the Mediterranean and D. philippinensis from the Western Pacific ( Fig. 9). The absence of records for Indian Ocean before this study were probably due to the lack of caprellid studies in this region ( McCain & Steinberg, 1970). In fact, the two new species, D. antonbruuni and D. indica , could have a larger distribution area in the Indian Ocean. According to the IUCN Red List Categories (IUCN, 2001), both species, can be considered as Data Deficient (DD). A taxon is Data Deficient when there is inadequate information to make a direct, or indirect, assessment of its risk of extinction based on its distribution and/or population status. Further studies dealing with the Caprellidea from the Indian Ocean should be addressed in the near future.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Deutella antonbruuni sp. nov. Lateral view. A, male; B, female. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURE 2. Deutella antonbruuni sp. nov. Male. A, upper lip; B, lower lip; C, maxilliped; D, left mandible; E, right mandible; F, maxilla 1; G, maxilla 2. Scale bars: 0.05 mm.

FIGURE 3. Deutella antonbruuni sp. nov. A, male dorsal view; B, female dorsal view; C, male antenna 1; D, male antenna 2; E, male gnathopod 1; F, male gnathopod 2; G, female gnathopod 2. Scale bars: A, B: 1 mm; C, D: 0.3 mm; E: 0.2 mm; F, G: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 4. Deutella antonbruuni sp. nov. A­E, male. A, pereopod 3; B, pereopod 4; C, pereopod 6; D, pereopod 7; E, abdomen (ventral view). F, female abdomen (ventral view). Scale bars: A, B: 0.05 mm; C, D: 0.5 mm; E, F: 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 5. Deutella indica sp. nov. Lateral view. A, male; B, female. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURE 6. Deutella indica sp. nov. Male. A, upper lip; B, lower lip; C, maxilliped; D, right mandible; E, left mandible; F, maxilla 1; G, maxilla 2. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 7. Deutella indica sp. nov. A, male dorsal view; B, female dorsal view; C, male antenna 1; D, male antenna 2; E, male gnathopod 1; F, male gnathopod 2; G, female gnathopod 2. Scale bars: A, B: 1 mm; C, D: 0.5 mm; E: 0.3 mm; F, G: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 8. Deutella indica sp. nov. A­F, male. A, pereopod 3; B, pereopod 4; C, pereopod 5; D, pereopod 6; E, pereopod 7; F, abdomen (ventral view). G, female abdomen (ventral view). Scale bars: A, B: 0.05 mm; C­E: 0.5 mm; F, G: 0.1 mm.