Downeshelea eclectica, Santarém & Borkent & Spinelli & Felippe-Bauer, 2018

Santarém, Maria Clara Alves, Borkent, Art, Spinelli, Gustavo & Felippe-Bauer, Maria Luiza, 2018, New Neotropical species of Downeshelea Wirth and Grogan and redescription of D. multilineata (Lutz) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 52 (9 - 10), pp. 509-540 : 521-526

Downeshelea eclectica sp. nov.

( Figures 4a–h , 8h–i , 10 )

Diagnosis

Male. The only species of Downeshelea in the Americas with the following combination of features: gonostylus 0.55–0.68 length of gonocoxite; parameres fused for 0.21–0.35 of total length, midportion of stem sinuous, expanded subapically, distal portion slightly curved ( Figure 8i ); aedeagus subtriangular, basal arch U-shaped, extending to 0.28–0.38 of total length ( Figure 8h ).

Female. The only species of the Downeshelea multilineata group in the Americas with medium-sized wing (1.02–1.30 mm) ( Figure 4d ); midtarsomere 1 with 6–9 ventral spines; hind tibia brown; two slightly unequal spermathecae ( Figure 4h ).

Description

Male. Head. Eyes slightly contiguous in lower area; antennal ratio 0.90–1.08 (0.98, n = 32); palpal ratio 2.00–2.50 (2.14, n = 32) ( Figure 4b ).

Thorax. Brown, without definite pattern in slide-mounted specimens. Wing ( Figure 4a ) with greyish spot over CuA 1, CuA 2 extending into cua 1, anal cell, reaching wing margin; 2 nd radial cell twice longer than 1 st; wing length 0.97–1.37 (1.05, n = 33) mm; breadth 0.32–0.47 (0.37, n = 33) mm; costal ratio 0.73–0.80 (0.78, n = 33). Halter brown, distal portion of knob darker. Legs ( Figure 4c ) brown. Fore-, hind tarsomere 1 with one basal, one apical spine; midtarsomere 1 with two basal, two apical, 7–8 other ventral spines; apical spines of tarsomeres 2–4 of fore-, mid-, hind legs: 2–2–2, 2–2–2, 1–1–1; fore tarsal ratio 2.28–2.64 (2.51, n = 31), mid tarsal ratio 2.31–2.68 (2.56, n = 30), hind tarsal ratio 2.19–2.55 (2.31, n = 33); claws 0.33–0.50 (0.42, n = 32) length of their respective tarsomeres 5.

Abdomen. Dark brown. Terminalia ( Figure 8h ): tergite 9 with quadrate apex, apicolateral process short, broad; sternite 9 straight anteriorly, posterior margin with large, greatly convex median lobe bearing 2–4 long setae. Gonocoxite 2.30–2.69 (2.45, n = 31) times longer than basal width; gonostylus 0.55–0.68 (0.60, n = 32) length of gonocoxite, with setae on apex and ventral portion. Parameres ( Figure 8i ) 0.79–0.98(0.90, n = 31) times longer than aedeagus, fused for 0.21–0.35 (0.26, n = 29) of total length, a short posteromedian projection on the medial fused portion of the parameres in some specimens; knob stout, bulbous; stem sinuous on midportion, expanded subapically forming a broad lobe laterally directed; distal portion slightly curved, 0.55–0.84 (0.66, n = 31) of total length. Aedeagus subtriangular, basal arch U-shaped, extending to 0.28– 0.38 (0.34, n = 29) of total length; distal portion with heavily sclerotised margins, narrow, rounded, mesal excavation terminating in two short, heavily sclerotised processes.

Female. Similar to male with usual sexual differences; antennal ratio 0.97–1.10 (1.01, n = 31) ( Figure 4e ); palpus as in Figure 4f , palpal ratio 1.80–2.40 (2.07, n = 33); mandible with 11–12 teeth. Wing as in Figure 4d ; wing length 1.02–1.30 (1.13, n = 33) mm; breadth 0.42–0.52 (0.47, n = 33) mm; costal ratio 0.78–0.83 (0.80, n = 33). Fore-, hind tarsomere 1 with one basal and one apical spine; midtarsomere 1 with two basal, two apical, 6–9 other ventral spines; apical spines of tarsomeres 2–4 of fore-, mid-, hind legs: 2–2–2, 2–2–2, 1–1–2; fore tarsal ratio 2.27–2.79 (2.56, n = 33), mid tarsal ratio 2.37–2.79 (2.62, n = 33), hind tarsal ratio 2.35–2.76 (2.53, n = 33); fore-, mid- leg claws 0.54–0.81 (0.68, n = 33) length of their respective tarsomeres 5; hind leg claw 1.15–1.53 (1.31, n = 32) as long as tarsomere 5 ( Figure 4g ). Abdomen with genital sclerite triangular. Two slightly unequal spermathecae ( Figure 4h ), measuring 48–68 (58, n = 31) by 40–55 (50, n = 27) µm and 43–58 (50, n = 29) by 40–50 (45, n = 26) µm. Third rudimentary spermatheca inflated in some specimens to nearly 7.5 µm (not illustrated).

Specimens examined

Holotype male adult, labeled ‘ Holotype Downeshelea eclectica Santarém, Borkent, Spinelli and Felippe-Bauer , COSTA RICA, Puntarenas, Refugio Vida Silvestre Río Piro, 1000m Estación Tuva , 180m, 14–21 September 2004, Gamboa , Briceno , Moraga , Cardenas. Malaise. LS276000 525500 #53265’ ( MNCR); allotype female adult, labeled ‘ Allotype Downeshelea eclectica Santarém, Borkent, Spinelli and Felippe-Bauer’ same data as holotype ( MNCR) . Paratypes labeled as follows: 2 males, 5 females, same data as holotype (1 male CCER; 1 male, 5 females MNCR); 1 male, 3 females, same data except ‘ 1500m Estación Tuva’ (1 female CCER; 1 male, 2 females CNCI); 2 females, same data except ‘ Finca Catalino, 200m’ ( MNCR); 6 females, same data except ‘100m’ ( MNCR); 1 male, same data except ‘ 200m, 16 September 2004 ’ ( MNCR); 1 male, ‘ Puntarenas, Golfito, Parque Nacional Corcovado , Estación Agujas , 250–350m, 15 June–15July 1999, Malaise , J . Azofeifa Zuniga’ ( MNCR); 1 male, same data except 15 September –15 October 1999 ( MNCR); 1 female, same data except 15 October–15 November 1999 ( MNCR); 1 male, same data except ‘ 300m, 22 December 2000 – 09 January 2001 ’ ( CNCI); 5 males, 4 females, same data except ‘ Sendero La Bonanza, 495m, 15 June–15 July 1999 ’ (1 male, 1 female CCER; 2 males, 2 females MNCR; 2 males, 1 female CNCI); 4 females, 3 males, same data except 15 July–15 August 1999 (2 males, 2 females MNCR; 2 males, 1 female CNCI); 3 males, 3 females, same data except 15 August–15 September 1999 ( MNCR); 1 female, same data except 15 September –15 October 1999 ( MNCR); 4 males, 8 females, same data except ‘ Cerro Rincón , 745m, 1August–25 September 2002 ’ ( MNCR); 2 males, 6 females, same data except 15 June–15 July 1999 ( MNCR); 2 males, 2 females, same data except 15 July–15 August 1999 ( MNCR); 2 females, same data except 15 September–15 October 1999 ( CNCI); 3 males, 4 females, same data except 11 September–01 October 2002 ( MNCR); 4 males, 5 females, same data except 2 June–31 July 2002 (2 males, 2 females MNCR; 2 males, 3 female CNCI); 2 males, 9 females, same data except, ‘ 600–745m, 15 August–15 September 1999 ’ ( MNCR); 1 male, same data except ‘ 600–700m, 28 July 2001, manual, K . Caballero’ ( MNCR); 1 male, same data except ‘ La triguilla, 600m, 11 September–31 October 2002, Malaise, J . Azofeifa Zuniga’ ( MNCR); 1 female, same data except 24 June–31 July 2002 ( MNCR); 4 males, 5 females, same data except ‘ Sendero Las Quebraditas, 640m, 15 September–15 October 1999, CD5101’( CNCI); 2 males, 3 females, same data except 15 October–15 November 1999 ( MNCR); 1 male, 4 females, same data except, 782m, 15 July– 15 August 2000 ( MNCR); 1 female, same data except 20 December 2000 – 20 January 2001 ( MNCR); 4 females, same data except ‘ Los Charcos’, 600–745m, 15 June–15 July 1999 ( MNCR); 1 female, same data except ‘ Estación Los Patos, Senderos a Sirena’ , 70m, 10 November–20 December 2000 ( MNCR); 3 females, same data except 25 December 2000 – 13 February 2001 ( MNCR); 4 males, 7 females, same data except 160m, 9 September–9 October 2001, K . Caballero ( MNCR); 3 males, 2 females, same data except ‘ Sendero Guaymi’, 300m, 4 September–9 October 2000 ( MNCR); 1 female, same data except ‘ Cerro Brujo’, 600m, 3 November–5 December 2002 ( MNCR); 4 males, ‘ Puntarenas, Osa Sierpe , ACOSA, Estación Los Planes , 180m, 23–24 July 2002, ABC-octenol, G . Chaverri’ ( MNCR); 4 males, 3 females, ‘ Puntarenas, Reserva Florestal Golfo Dulce, Orilla de Estación Agujas , 250–350m, 30 June–1 July 2000, light trap, A . Picado’ ( MNCR); 1 male, ‘ Puntarenas, Reserva Biológica Isla Del Caño , 0–100m, 28–30 August 2000, light trap, J . Azofeifa Zuniga’ ( MNCR); 1 female, ‘ Puntarenas, Golfito, Parque Nacional Piedras Blancas, Cerro Nicuesa , 579m, 28 November 2000 – 3 February 2001, Malaise, J . Azofeifa Zuniga’ ( MNCR); 1 male, ‘ Puntarenas, Peninsula de Osa, San Pedrillo , 13 August 2001, A . Borkent’ ( CNCI); 1 male, same data except ‘ Río Agujas, Sendero Purruja , 300m, 10–20 July 1996, A . Azofeifa’ ( MNCR); 1 female, ‘ Puntarenas, 2km NE Tarcoles , 20 July 1993, A . Borkent’ ( CNCI); 2 females, ‘ Puntarenas, Palmar Sur , 5 August 1964, F .S. Blanton’ ( USNM); 5 females, ‘ Alajuela, San Carlos, Pital, Boca Tapada , Finca de Sergio Murillo , 50–100m, 21 July 2004, light trap, B . Hernández’ ( MNCR); 5 females, same data except ‘ Laguna Lagarto Lodge’, 23 June–23 July 2004, Malaise (1 female CCER; 4 females MNCR); 6 females, same data except 23 July–17 September 2004 ( MNCR); 1 female, same data except ‘ Bosque Ancianos’ , 23 June–23 July 2004 ( MNCR); 4 females, same data except 23 July–17 September 2004 ( MNCR); 4 females, ‘ Alajuela, Parque Nacional Arenal , Sendero Pilón , 600m, 18 May–26 June 1999, Malaise, G . Carballo’ ( MNCR); 2 females, same data except 1–18 May 1999 ( MNCR); 2 females, same data except 650m, 08 November–07 December 2000 ( MNCR); 1 female, same data except ‘Sector Cerro Chato’, 1100m, 25 August –25 September 1999 ( MNCR); 3 females, ‘ Alajuela, Upala, Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Estación San Ramón , 4.75 Km SW Dos Ríos Upala, 860m, 17 May–17 June 1996, Malaise, D . Briceno’ ( MNCR); 1 female, same data except 720m, 17 August–17 September 1996, F . Quesada ( MNCR); 1 female, ‘ Alajuela, Upala, Parque Nacional Volcán Tenorio, Alb . Heliconias, Sendero Laguna Dantas , 900m, 14–16 June 2007, Malaise, J .D. Gutiérrez’ ( MNCR); 1 female, same data except ‘ 1000m, 18 June 2000, red de golpe, A . Picado’ ( MNCR); 1 female, same data except ‘ Estación El Pilón, 700–800m, 28 July 2003, J . Azofeifa’ ( MNCR); 1 female, ‘ Cartago, Tres Equis, Parque Nacional Barbilla, Sendero principal a Río Barbilla , 500m, 12 April–13 May 2002, Malaise, E . Rojas’ ( MNCR); 1 female, same data except 12 June–11 July 2002 ( MNCR); 1 female, same data except 11 July–12 . August 2002 ( MNCR); 1 female, same data except 10 September– 10 October 2002 ( MNCR); 1 female, same data except 10 November–9 December 2002 ( MNCR); 1 male, 3 females, same data except 13 May–12 June 2002, ‘red de golpe’ ( MNCR); 2 females, same data except 400–500m, 19 August 2001 ( MNCR); 1 male, same data except ‘ Sector entre Río Barbilla, Río Dantas’ , 485m, 11 August –11 October 2002 ( MNCR); 1 male, ‘ Cartago, Parque Nacional Barbilla , Campamento 2 . Sendero a Cerro Tigre , 1200m, 7 May 2005, B . Gamboa’ ( CCER); 2 females, ‘ Turrialba, Parque Nacional Barbilla , 2km SE de Estación, 500–600m, 02July–19 August 2000, Malaise, E . Rojas’ (1 CCER; 1 MNCR); 1 female, same data except ‘ 3km SE de Estación’, 19 August–20 September 2000 ( MNCR); 1 male, 1 female, same data except 20 September–18 October 2000 (1 male CCER; 1 female MNCR); 2 females, same data except ‘ Sendero El Felino, 1.5km SO de Estación’, 690m, 22 May–12 June 2001 ( MNCR); 6 females, same data except 24 April–22 May 2001 (1 female CCER; 5 females MNCR); 1 female, ‘ Guanacaste, Parque Nacional Guanacaste, Estación Pitilla . Sendero Cerro Orosilito , 900m, 11–13 December 2007, Malaise, D . Briceno’ ( CNCI); 6 females, ‘ Heredia, Refugio Vida Silvestre Corredor Fronterizo Costa Rica Nicaragua, Lagunas a la par de río San Juan , 20–50m, 16 September 2004, Malaise, B . Hernández’ (1 female CCER; 5 females MNCR); 5 females, same data, except ‘light trap’ ( MNCR); 5 females, same data except 23 July 2004 ( MNCR); 2 females, ‘ Limón, Parque Nacional Tortuguero, Sendero Real a Agua Fria , 50–100m, 14–21 August 2004, Malaise, Porras, Gamboa, Briceno, Moraga, Cardenas’ (1 CCER; 1 MNCR); 1 female, same data except, ‘ Estación Agua Fria, Sendero Real’, 20–50 m ( MNCR); 1 female, same data except ‘ 16 August 2004, red noyes, M . Moraga’ ( MNCR); 1 female, ‘ Limón, Valle de la Estrella, Reserva Biológica Hitoy Cerere, Sendero Bobócara , 640m, 18 May–18 June 1999, Malaise, F . Umana’ ( MNCR); 4 females, same data except ‘ Sendero Espavel , 560m, 18 September–5 October 2003, B . Gamboa, E. Rojas, W. Arana’ ( MNCR); 2 females, ‘ Limón, Cahuita , 30 October 1993, A . Borkent’ ( CNCI); 1 male, ‘ San José, ACLAP, Pérez Zeledón . Parque Nacional Chirripó, Estación Santa Elena , 1850m, 6 July–6 August 1997, E . Alfaro, M. Segura’ ( CCER); 1 male, same data except ‘ Sendero Jueves 13, 2 . June –6 July 1997, red manual’ ( MNCR); 2 males, same data except 6 August–15 September 1997 ( MNCR); 4 males, 2 females, ‘ San José, Parque Nacional La Cangreja, Estación Ecotropica , 300–400 m, 13–17 July 2004, Malaise, Porras, Cardenas, Gamboa, Briceno, Moraga’ (1 male CCER; 3 males, 2 females CNCI); 2 males, same data except ‘amarilla’ ( MNCR); 5 males, 2 females, same data except ‘ 13–14 July 2004, balde’ ( MNCR); 1 female, same data except ‘ Sendero Plinia , 13–17 July 2004 ’ ( MNCR); 1 male, ‘ Downeshelea multilineata (Lutz) , COLOMBIA, Valle Rio Raposo , 15 April 1964, light trap, V . H. Lee’ ( CCER); 1 male, same data except August 1965 ( USNM); 1 male, ‘ Downeshelea multilineata (Lutz) , BRAZIL, Pará, Belém , APEG forest, March 1970, sticky trap, T .H.G. Aitken’ ( USNM); 1 male, same data except July 1970 ( CCER) .

Distribution and bionomics

This species is distributed in all provinces of Costa Rica and a locality in each of Colombia and Brazil (Pará) ( Figure 10 ). It has been found in forested, coastal and mangrove areas, occurring in Costa Rica up to 1850 m above sea level.

Etymology

The name of this species reflects its eclectic distribution and habitats, occurring in several habitats and altitudes in Neotropical countries, up to 1850 m of altitude and in forested, coastal and mangrove areas (Greek – Eklektikos = eclectic).

Figures

Figure 4. Downeshelea eclectica sp. nov. Male: (a) wing; (b) head, anterior view; (c) fore, mid, hind legs (left to right). Female: (d) wing; (e) head, anterior view; (f) palpus; (g) fore, mid, hind tarsomeres (left to right); (h) apex of female abdomen, ventral view.

Figure 8. Downeshelea multilineata (Lutz), (a) male terminalia with aedeagus; (b) parameres. Downeshelea casimirensis sp. nov. (c) male terminalia; (d) aedeagus; (e) parameres. Downeshelea costaricensis sp. nov., (f) male terminalia with aedeagus; (g) parameres. Downeshelea eclectica sp. nov., (h) male terminalia with aedeagus; (i) parameres.

Figure 10. Geographic distribution of species in the Downeshelea multilineata species group.