Zaprionus Zaprionus santomensis Yassin & David, 2010

Yassin, Amir & David, Jean R., 2010, Revision of the afrotropical species of Zaprionus (Diptera, Drosophilidae), with descriptions of two new species and notes on internal reproductive structures and immature stages, ZooKeys 51, pp. 33-72 : 53-54

Zaprionus Zaprionus santomensis Yassin & David sp. n.

Zaprionus sp. B in Araripe et al. 2004

Diagnosis.

This species resembles those of the indianus complex in having abdominal tergal spots and F1 spines not borne on protruding tubercule. It can be distinguished from them by the bigger body size, the darker body color mainly in contrast with the frons which is bright orange ( Fig. 10f ), the wings being dusky rather than hyaline, the smaller hairy brush of the male basitarsus (1/3 of basitarsus) ( Fig. 5e ), and the lack of an apical introvert in the spermatheca ( Fig. 13d ).

Description.

♂. TL = 1.40 mm.

Head. Arista with 2 dorsal and 3 ventral rays plus terminal fork; pedicel dark brown. Frons orange tan, with vestigial median stripe plus orbital stripes inwardly bordered with black; ocellar triangle blackened; hw:fw = 2.16, fw:fl = 0.8. Orbital setae in straight line; or1:or2:or3 = 3:2:3, orbito-index = 1.8, oc:or1 = 1.5, poc:oc=0.6, iv:ov = 0.4. Face tan. Gena narrow, o:j = 7.6, o:ch = 5.1. Eye red.

Thorax. Scutum brown, darker than frons, with 2 silvery white stripes. acs in 6 rows in front of adc; adc:pdc = 0.9. Scutellum darker than scutum, with black borders of the stripes expanded posteriorly; bsc:asc = 1.2. Pleura with white pilosity; sterno-index = 0.4. Forefemur with 4 spines not borne on warts on the anteroventral margin. Male basitarsus with a hairy brush.

Wing. Dusky; WL:WW = 2.3, C-index = 2.8, 4v-index = 1.4, 4c-index = 0.8, 5x-index = 0.9, M-index = 0.3, ac-index = 2.7, b/c = 0.6, C3 fringe 0.40, and WL = 3.2 mm.

Abdomen. Entirely yellowish, lighter than thorax, with faint dark spots at the bases of tergal setae.

Terminalia ( Fig. 13c ). Epandrium densely pubescent at ventral portion; posterior margin pubescent at dorsal portion with 3 long setae; anterior phragma slightly humped dorsally; epandrial ventral lobe with 4 long setae. Surstylus quadrate with two rows of prensisetae. Cercus triangular laterally. Hypandrium densely pubescent at the lateral portion of the paraphyses. Aedeagus expanded apically; aedeagal flap expanded and deeply serrate. Apodeme subequal in length to aedeagus.

♀. TL = 1.50 mm, resembles male.

Terminalia. Oviscape with 8 peg-like and 6 short, marginal setae plus 4 supernumeraries. Spermatheca globulous and smooth ( Fig. 13d ).

Egg. Elliptical with 4 equally long and fine filaments.

Larva. Escaping the culture medium when crowded.

Puparium. Horn-index 10.6.

Distribution.

Sao Tomé and Príncipe.

Type material.

Holotype (male) and allotype (female), Sao Tomé and Príncipe: Pico de São Tomé Park (1,500 m), ex type strain ZNG, 11-VIII-2008, founder female coll. III-2001, D. Lachaise. Paratypes: 10 males and 10 females with the same label. Types deposited in MNHN.

Discussion.

This species resembles Zaprionus proximus , from which it can be distinguished on the basis of F1 ornamentation. An important physiological difference also exists between these species, as Zaprionus santomensis is a very heat-sensitive species since a growth temperature of 25°C is lethal for both sexes and males are sterile at 23 and 24°C (cf. Araripe et al. 2004).

Etymology.

The species epithet is in reference to the type locality.

Figures

Figure 5. Tarsomeres of male foreleg of Zaprionus neglectus Collart, 1937 a, Zaprionus kololdkinae Chassagnard & Tsacas, 1987 b, Zaprionus lachaisei Yassin & David, sp. n. c, Zaprionus taronus Chassagnard & Tsacas, 1993 d, and Zaprionus santomensis Yassin & David, sp. n. e.

Figure 10. Lateral and dorsal views of Zaprionus koroleu Burla, 1954 a, b, Zaprionus vittiger Coquillett, 1902 c, d, Zaprionus lachaisei Yassin & David, sp. n. e, Zaprionus santomensis Yassin & David, sp. n. f, and Zaprionus camerounensis Chassagnard & Tsacas, 1993 g, h.

Figure 13. Male genitalia and spermatheca of Zaprionus lachaisei Yassin & David, sp. n. a, b, and Zaprionus santomensis Yassin & David, sp. n. c, d.