Xestospongia muta ( Schmidt, 1870 )

Rocha, Lívia, Moraes, Fernando, Salani, Sula & Hajdu, Eduardo, 2021, Taxonomy of Petrosiidae Van Soest, 1980 (Haplosclerida, Porifera) from Brazil, Zootaxa 5004 (2), pp. 251-287 : 274-275

Xestospongia muta ( Schmidt, 1870)

( Fig. 1 , 5–6 ; Tab. 6)

Xestospongia muta, De Laubenfels 1936: 70 ; Van Soest 1981: 21; Vacelet 1990: 29; Rützler et al., 2009: 289; Hajdu et al. 2011: 198; Moraes 2011: 187; Alcolado & Busutil 2012: 71; Moura et al. 2016: Supplementary Table; Pérez et al. 2017: 10; Van Soest 2017: 40.

Prianus sp., Hechtel 1976: 252.

Prianus grayi Hechtel, 1983 — Hechtel 1983: 64, fig. 4.

Xestospongia grayi, Mothes & Bastian 1993: 23 ; Santos et al. 2002b: 396; Moraes et al. 2006: 169.

Additional synonymy in Muricy et al. 2011: 106.

Studied material (24 specimens). Brazil, off Pará State, MNRJ 16585 , Station AMZ-4 (1.31683º N, 46.83370º W, Amazon River Mouth ), 55.9 m depth, Coll. R. Moura & N. Oliveira / R / V ‘ Atlantis’ , 2012.7.25. Maranhão State: MNRJ 8722 , Mar XV Stn 47 (1.33333º S, 43.56667º W), 62 m depth, Coll. N /Rb. ‘Victor Hensen’, 1990.11.10. Pernambuco State, Fernando de Noronha Archipelago : MNRJ 7924 , Cagarras Fundas (3.80790º S, 32.39009º W, Rata Island ), 20 m depth, Coll. G. Muricy, 2003.11.9; MNRJ 7770 , Cagarras Fundas (3.80790º S, 32.39009º W, Rata Island ), 18 m depth, Col. F. Moraes, 2003.11.13; MNRJ 7771 , Cagarras Funda (3.80790º S, 32.39009º W, Rata Island ), 22 m depth, Coll. E. Hajdu, 2003.11.13; MNRJ 7894 , Cagarras Fundas (3.80790º S, 32.39009º W, Rata Island ), 15 m depth, Col. G. Muricy, 2003.11.8; MNRJ 7897 , Ponta das Caracas (3.87828º S, 32.42498º W, Fernando de Noronha Island ), depth not recorded, Coll. F. Moraes, 2003.11.21; MNRJ 7950 , Cagarras Rasa (3.80790º S, 32.39009º W, Rata Island ), 20 m depth, Coll. G. Muricy, 2003.11.13; UFRJPOR 3920, precise locality not recorded, 40 m depth, Coll. G. Muricy, 1996.3.1; UFRJPOR 4779, Lage Dois Irmãos (3.84710º S, 32.45014º W, Fernando de Noronha Island ), 15 m depth, Coll. G. Muricy, 1998.2.15. Bahia State (all from REVIZEE/ Central-SCORE, Coll. N /Rb. ‘Astro Garoupa’): MNRJ 3109 , Station 15 R, Campaign 2 (18.02306º S, 35.89111º W, Hotspur Bank), 60 m depth, 1997.11.13; MNRJ 3392 , D0404, Campaign BA-1, Sample 1C (17.13438º S, 36.80553º W, Rodger Bank), 39.2–65.2 m depth, 1999.6.6; MNRJ 3697 A, Station 10 R, Campaign 2 (17.08889º S, 36.75194º W, Rodger Bank), 50 m depth, 1997.11.14; MNRJ 4580 , Station 14 R, Campaign 5 (17.80000º S, 35.87500º W, Hotspur Bank), 60 m depth, 2001.7.7; MNRJ 4783 , Station 10 R, Campaign 5 (17.10306º S, 36.74111º W, Rodger Bank), 50 m depth, 2001.7.7. Bahia State: MNRJ 8319 , Todos os Santos Bay , ‘Germânia’ Shipwreck (13.00861º S, 38.54389º W, Salvador), 5 m depth, Coll. E. Hajdu, 2004.6.3; MNRJ 13104 , Boião (beacon signalling buoy) off Farol da Barra (13.00866º S, 38.54388º W, Salvador), 15.8 m depth, Coll. E. Hajdu & C. Castello-Branco, 2009.6.3. Off Espírito Santo State (all from REVIZEE/ Central-SCORE, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts chain, Coll. N /Rb. ‘Astro Garoupa’): MNRJ 4396 , Station 23 R, Campaign 5 (20.48694º S, 36.10306º W, Jaseur Bank), 55 m depth, 2001.7.12; MNRJ 4407 , Station 28 R, Campaign 5 (19.80806º S, 37.93889º W, Besnard Bank), 60 m depth, 2001.7.18; MNRJ 4900 , Station 45 R, Campaign 5 (20.40119º S, 39.91655º W, off Vila Velha), 108 m depth, 2001.7.12; UFRJPOR 4394, Station C 61, Campaign 1 (20.50611º S, 37.31806º W, Congress Bank), 88 m depth, 1996.4.24; MNRJ 5891 , Station 34 R, Campaign 5 (20.40194º S, 39.92306º W, off Vila Velha), 50 m depth, 2001.7.15. Off Rio de Janeiro State (all from Almirante Saldanha Seamount, Station Y 2, Campaign 6, REVIZEE/ Central-SCORE, 22.38194º S, 37.58806º W, 270 m depth, Coll. N / Rb. ‘ Astro Garoupa’, 2002.6.12): MNRJ 6011 , 6090 , 7223 .

Comparative Material. Prianos grayi Hechtel, 1983 , Holotype YPM 9008 ( Brazil, Pernambuco State, Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, 3.85000º S, 32.43333º W), Coll. J. Laborel, Schizolectotype MNRJ 14959. Xestospongia grayi — Mothes & Bastian (1993: 23), MCN 1327, Brazil, Pernambuco State, Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Ponta da Sapata, 25 m depth, Coll. C. Castro & D.O. Pires, 1986.06.11.

Figures

FIGURE 1 A, off Amapá State - NHo ‘Cruzeiro do Sul (AP); B, N.O.A.S. Station 1773A (Amazon River mouth, AP); C, R/V ‘Atlantis’ AMZ–4 Stn. (Amazon River mouth, PA); D, R/V ‘Victor Hensen’ Stn. 47 (off São Luis, MA); E, Acaraizinho de Amontada (CE); F, Flecheiras beach (Trairi, CE); G, Dois Coqueiros beach (Caucaia, CE); H, Maracajaú (Maxaranguape, RN); I, Deep Fenda crevice (Atoll das Rocas, RN); J, Salãozinho tide pool (Atoll das Rocas, RN); K, dos Mapas tide pool (Atoll das Rocas, RN); L, Rata Isl. (Cagarras Rasas and Cagarras Fundas, Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, PE); M, Buraco da Raquel (Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, PE); N, Lage Dois Irmãos (Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, PE); O, Cordilheira (Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, PE); P, Ponta das Caracas (Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, PE); Q, Recife Biquara (Tamandaré, PE); R, Ponta Verde beach (Maceió, AL); S, Cabeço da Pequena (Marechal Deodoro, AL); T, 2nd Boião (off SW Maré Isl., BA); U, Ribeira beach (Salvador, BA); V, ‘Blackadder’ Shipwreck off Cantagalo beach (Salvador, BA); W, Capitania dos Portos (Port Authority, Salvador, BA); X, Quebra mar Norte (northern breakwater, Salvador, BA); Y, ‘Germânia’ Shipwreck off Farol da Barra (Salvador, BA); Z, REVIZEE R4 Stn (off Salvador, BA); AA, REVIZEE R2 Stn (Ponta de Castelhanos, Morro de São Paulo, Cairu, BA); AB, REVIZEE R7 Stn (Royal Charlotte Bank); AC, Recife das Timbebas (Abrolhos Marine National Park, BA); AD, Rodger Bank (BA); AE, Pedra de Leste (off Caravelas, Parcel das Paredes, BA); AF, Parcel das Paredes (off Caravelas, BA); AG, Hotspur bank (BA); AH, REVIZEE R17 Stn (off Itaúnas, ES); AI, REVIZEE 20R Stn (off Barra Seca, ES); AJ, REVIZEE 25R Stn (off Linhares, ES); AK, REVIZEE 28R Stn (Besnard Bank, Vitória–Trindade Seamounts Chain, ES); AL, REVIZEE 23R Stn (Jaseur Bank, Vitória–Trindade Seamounts Chain ES); AM, REVIZEE 42R Stn (Columbia Seamount, Vitória–Trindade Seamounts Chain, ES); AN, Ponta dos Farrilhões (Trindade Isl., ES);AO, REVIZEE 34R and 45R Stns (off Vila Velha, ES); AP, REVIZEE C44 Stn (Guarapari, ES);AQ, REVIZEE C61 Stn (Congress Bank, Vitória–Trindade Seamounts Chain, ES); AR, Campos Basin (RJ); AS, REVIZEE Y2 Stn (Almirante Saldanha Seamount, RJ). Marine Ecoregions: I, Amazonia; II, Northeastern Brazil; III, Fernando de Noronha and Atoll das Rocas; IV, São Pedro and São Paulo Islands; V, Eastern Brazil; VI, Trindade and Martim Vaz Islands; VII, Southeastern Brazil; VIII, Rio Grande. α, entire Brazilian coast; β, Atoll das Rocas; γ, Fernando de Noronha Archipelago; δ, Todos os Santos Bay (BA); ε, Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain and proximities.

FIGURE 5. Xestospongia muta (Schmidt, 1870). (A) Preserved material of Prianos grayi Hechtel, 1983; (B) Preserved material of Xestospongia grayi sensu Mothes & Bastian, 1993; Scale bar: 1 cm. In situ images of Brazilian specimens (C–F, Fernando de Noronha; G–H, Alagoas State). Scale bars, (A–B) 1 cm, (C–H) scales not recorded, but fishes seen on figs C, F, H attest to the sponges about 50 cm height.

FIGURE 6. Xestospongia muta (Schmidt, 1870). Holotype of Prianos grayi (YPM 9008): (A) ectosome in tangential view; (B) perpendicular section through the choanosome, (G–H) strongyles and details of their extremities. Xestospongia grayi sensu Mothes & Bastian, 1993 (MCN 1327): (C) ectosome in tangential view, (D) perpendicular section throught the choanosome, (I– J) strongyles and details of their extremities. MNRJ 13104: (E) ectosome in tangential view, (F) perpendicular section through the choanosome, (K–L) strongyles and details of their extremities. Scale bars: (A–F) 100 µm, (G, I, K) 50 µm, (H, J, L) 10 µm.