Spilopteron apicale ( Matsumura, 1912 )

Ito, Masato & Maeto, Kaoru, 2017, Revision of the genus Spilopteron Townes, 1965 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Acaenitinae) from Japan, European Journal of Taxonomy 356, pp. 1-33 : 6-10

Spilopteron apicale ( Matsumura, 1912)

Figs 2b , 3b , 4b , 5b , 6b , 7 c–d, 8b

Chorischizus apicalis Matsumura, 1912: 149 . Type locality: Japan, Hokkaido, Sapporo City.

Phaenolobus apicalis – Uchida 1928: 34.

Arotes apicalis – Uchida 1932: 160.

Siphimedia apicalis – Uchida 1934: 52.

Spilopteron apicalis – Townes et al. 1965: 391. — Kusigemati 1981: 121 (in part).

Spilopteron apicale – Yu et al. 2005, 2012. — Ito et al. 2015: 546.

Material examined

JAPAN: 1 ♀ (lectotype of Chorischizus apicalis ), Jozan, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido, late Aug. 1907, S. Matsumura ( SEHU); 1 ♀ (paralectotype of Chorischizus apicalis ), Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido, Aug. 1907, S. Matsumura ( SEHU); 1 ♀, same locality as lectotype, early Sep. 1914, S. Matsumura ( SEHU); 1 ♀, same locality as lectotype, 18 Aug. 1915, S. Matsumura ( SEHU); 2 ♀♀, same locality as paralectotype, 17 Sep. 1932, C. Watanabe ( SEHU); 1 ♀, Maruyama, Sappori-shi, Hokkaido, 21 Sep. 1931, M. Takizawa ( SEHU); 1 ♀, Hitsujigaoka, Sappori-shi, Hokkaido, 1–8 Aug. 2011, K. Konishi ( LC041250 OMNH); 8 ♀♀, Soranumadake, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido, 27 Jul.–21 Aug. 2007, A. Ueda ( OMNH, EUM); 1 ♀, same locality, 4–27 Jul. 2007, A. Ueda ( OMNH); 2 ♀♀, Kuriyama-cho, Yubari- shi, Hokkaido, 24 Jul.– 24 Aug. 2006, A. Ueda ( OMNH); 1 ♀, Yubari-shi, Hokkaido, 3–17 Aug. 2007, A. Ueda ( OMNH); 2 ♀♀, same locality, 24 Jul.–24 Aug. 2006, A. Ueda ( OMNH); 1 ♀, Takinoshita, Kuriyama-cho, Hokkaido, 16 Jul.–5 Aug. 2009, A. Ueda ( OMNH); 2 ♀♀, Chikkabetsu, Tokachi, Hokkaido, 29–31 Jul. 1946, Takahashi, Kosugi and Sakagami ( SEHU); 6 ♀♀, Tomuraushi, Hokkaido, 24–27 Aug. 1954, C. Watanabe et al. ( SEHU); 3 ♀♀, Kushiro, Hokkaido, 20 Aug. 1942, T. Uchida ( SEHU); 1 ♀, Kawayu, Kushiro, Hokkaido, 1 Sep. 1941, T. Uchida ( SEHU); 1 ♀, same locality, 8 Aug. 1947, S. Sakagami ( SEHU); 1 ♀, Niibushi, Kushiro, Hokkaido, 9 Aug. 1947, S. Sakagami ( SEHU); 1 ♂, Kamioboro, Kushiro, Hokkaido, 6 Aug. 1947, S. Sakagami ( SEHU); 1 ♀, Utoro-Iwaobetsu, Shiretoko, Hokkaido, 15–17 Aug. 1953, T. Kumata ( SEHU); 1 ♀, Teshio, Hokkaido, 6 Sep. 1956, K. Kamijo ( SEHU); 1 ♀, Kawaratai, Nishimeya-mura, Aomori Pref., 6–14 Aug. 2013, T. Nakamura ( EUM); 1 ♀, Tsukuba Univ., Sugadaira-kogen, Ueda-shi, Nagano Pref., 8 Aug.–3 Sep. 2014, S. Shimizu ( KPMNH); 1 ♀, same locality, 3–26 Sep. 2014, S. Shimizu ( KPMNH); 3 ♀♀, Utsukushimatsu, Daimon, Nagawacho, Nagano Pref., 25 Aug. 2011, S. Fujie ( LC041254 , LC041255 OMNH); 2 ♀♀, same locality, 22 Aug. 2012, S. Fujie ( LC041256 OMNH); 1 ♀, same locality, 23 Aug. 2012, S. Fujie ( LC041257 OMNH); 1 ♀, same locality, 26 Aug. 2011, S. Fujie ( OMNH); 1 ♀, same locality, 27 Aug. 2011, S. Fujie ( OMNH); 7 ♀♀, Ontake-kogen, Outaki-mura, Nagano Pref., 31 Jul. 2013, M. Ito ( KPMNH); 2 ♀♀, same locality, 28 Jul. 2013, M. Ito ( SEHU); 5 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂, Hakkaisan, Outaki-mura, Nagano Pref., 28 Jul. 2013, M. Ito ( SEHU, KPMNH); 1 ♂, same locality, 6 Aug. 2007, H. Kawai ( KPMNH); 1 ♂, same locality, 7 Aug. 2010, K. Watanabe ( KPMNH); 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂, Karei-kogen, Ina-shi, Nagano Pref., 30 Jul. 2013, K. Watanabe ( KPMNH); 1 ♀, same locality, 30 Jul. 2013, N. Kikuchi ( KPMNH); 1 ♀, Karasugawa-keikoku, Hotakamaki, Azumino-shi, Nagano Pref., 24 Aug. 2012, S. Fujie ( OMNH); 1 ♂, Mt Asamayama, Nagano Pref., 1 Aug. 1978, K. Mizuno ( OMNH); 1 ♀, Biwakubosawa, Masutomi, Hokuto-shi, Yamanashi Pref., 7 Aug. 2007, K. Watanabe ( OMNH); 1 ♀, same locality, 8 Aug. 2008, K. Watanabe ( OMNH); 3 ♀♀, same locality, 28 Jul.–7 Aug. 2007, K. Watanabe ( OMNH); 1 ♀, same locality, 8 Aug. 2008, K. Watanabe, ( OMNH); 1 ♀, Hikawa, Enzan-shi, Yamanashi Pref., 5 Aug. 2008, H. Katahira ( KPMNH); 1 ♂, Tano, Yamato-cho, Koshu-shi, Yamanashi Pref., 5 Aug. 2008, K. Watanabe ( KPMNH); 1 ♂, Shorakuji, Akeno-mura, Yamanashi Pref., 7 Aug. 2007, K. Watanabe ( KPMNH); 5 ♀♀, Nabedaira-kogen, Takayama-shi, Gifu Pref., 13 Aug. 2013, M. Ito ( NSMT); 1 ♀, same locality, 3 Aug. 2013, S. Fujie ( NIAES); 1 ♀, 1 ♂, Kute, Nyukawa-cho, Takayama-shi, Gifu Pref., 4 Aug. 2013, S. Fujie ( NIAES); 1 ♀, Odaigahara, Kamikitayama-mura, Nara Pref., 15–22 Aug. 2005, A. Kawazoe ( OMNH); 1 ♀, Sobosan, Oita Pref., 28 Jul. 1978, R. Noda ( NIAES).

Differential diagnosis

Until the revision by Ito et al. (2015), this species had been confused with S. tosaense due to color variation. However, it can be distinguished from S. tosaense by the following character states: fore wing with the apical dark mark rounded and not extending downward (extending downward in S. tosaense ), and without a dark mark below the pterostigma ( Fig. 4b ); frons with a depression between eye and antennal socket (absent in S. tosaense ); and clypeus with a very weak median projection and two strong lateral projections ( Fig. 3b ) (with three equal-sized projections in S. tosaense ).

Description

Female (n = 84)

BODY LENGTH. 13.5–16.0 mm.

HEAD. Vertex 0.6–0.7 times as long as maximum length of eye in dorsal view. Frons with a depression between eye and antennal socket in frontal view ( Fig. 2b ). Clypeus 0.6–0.7 times as long as wide, with two strong lateral projections and a weak median projection ( Figs 2b , 3b ). Face 0.6 times as long as wide. Length of malar space 0.9–1.2 times as long as basal mandibular width. Ocello-ocular line/lateral ocellar diameter = 1.6–2.1. Postocellar line/lateral ocellar diameter = 1.0–1.4. Antenna with 34–35 flagellomeres; first flagellomere 1.2 times as long as second flagellomere.

MESOSOMA. Propleuron densely punctate ( Fig. 5b ). Lateral area of pronotum densely punctate and transversely striate medially ( Fig. 5b ). Collar sparsely punctate. Mesoscutum densely punctate. Subalar prominence extensively punctate ( Fig. 5b ). Scutellum sparsely punctate in dorsal view. Postscutellum roundly convex in lateral view ( Fig. 5b ). Metapleuron strongly and densely punctate ( Fig. 5b ). Propodeum strongly carinate ( Fig. 6b ). Area externa weakly punctate ( Fig. 6b ). Area basalis weakly carinate ( Fig. 6b ). Area dentipara, area posteroexterna and area petiolaris confluent with area superomedia, and weakly carinate ( Fig. 6b ). Fore wing length 10.5–14.0 mm. Vein cu-a basad of vein Rs&M ( Fig. 4b ). Vein rs-m opposite or distad of vein 2m-cu ( Fig. 4b ). Hind femur 4.1–4.2 times as long as maximum depth in lateral view, without distinct convexity ventrally. Hind tibia 11.4–12.7 times as long as maximum depth in lateral view. First hind tarsomere 2.5–2.6 times as long as second one and 3.3–3.6 times as long as longer hind tibial spur.

METASOMA. T1 2.2–2.6 times as long as maximum width, 2.2–2.6 times as long as T2. T2 0.7 times as long as maximum width. T1 weakly and sparsely punctate. T2–T8 weakly and densely punctate. S1 without distinct sharp projection basally. Ovipositor sheath 1.8 times as long as hind tibia.

COLOR. Body black ( Fig. 5b ). Antennal flagellum with a white band. Inner margin of eye, clypeus, basal area of mandible, subalar prominence, scutellum, postscutellum, apex of propodeum, fore and mid legs, hind trochanter, hind trochantellus, apex of hind tarsus, and apices of T1 and T2 yellowish brown. Fore

wing with an apical dark mark rounded and not extending downward, without a dark mark below the pterostigma ( Fig. 4b ).

Male (n = 10; genitalia, n = 3)

Similar to female. Body length 12.5–15.0 mm. Head 0.6 times as long as wide. Face 0.7 times as long as wide. Length of malar space 0.8–1.1 times as long as basal mandibular width. Ocello-ocular line/ lateral ocellar diameter = 1.3–1.5. Postocellar line/lateral ocellar diameter = 1.2–1.4. Antenna with 38– 39 flagellomeres; first flagellomere 1.1–1.4 times as long as second flagellomere. Hind tibia 11.7–13.2 times as long as maximum depth in lateral view. First hind tarsomere 2.1–2.3 times as long as second and 3.6–4.8 times as long as longer hind tibial spur. T1 2.4–3.3 times as long as maximum width, 2.0– 2.4 times as long as T2. T2 0.8–0.9 times as long as maximum width. Face entirely yellow. Antennal flagellum without a white band.

Subgenital plate hexagonal with an obtuse basal angle ( Fig. 8b ). Paramere short, basal part strongly projecting towards base of subgenital plate ( Fig. 7c ). Aedeagus gently curved, its penis valve ca 2.0 times as long as basal apodeme ( Fig. 7d ).

Distribution

Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu), China, and Far East Russia (Sakhalin Oblast).

Bionomics

Host unknown. In Honshu MI often observed females ovipositing into trunks of Japanese larch ( Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carr. ) ( Pinaceae ), into which a Cerambycidae ( Etorofus (Nakanea) vicaria (Bates, 1844)) was also ovipositing. Adults fly in July and August, visiting flowers of Angelica pubescens Maxim. (Apiaceae) and Aralia cordata Thunb. (Araliaceae) .

Figures

Fig. 2. Head of females in frontal view. a. Spilopteron albiventre sp. nov., paratype, Ehime Pref. b. Spilopteron apicale (Matsumura, 1912), Nagano Pref. c. Spilopteron brachyurum sp. nov., paratype, Hokkaido. d. Spilopteron luteum (Uchida, 1930), Amami-oshima Is. e. Spilopteron mucronatus Lee, 2008, Fukuoka Pref. f. Spilopteron nigrum sp. nov., paratype, Hyogo Pref. g. Spilopteron oblongulum sp. nov., paratype, Kanagawa Pref. h. Spilopteron pseudonigrum sp. nov., paratype, Hyogo Pref. i. Spilopteron pyrrhonae Kusigemati, 1981, Kanagawa Pref. j. Spilopteron tosaense (Uchida, 1934), Hokkaido. k. Spilopteron tosaense (Uchida, 1934), Yakushima Is.

Fig. 3. Clypeus of female in frontal view. a. Spilopteron albiventre sp. nov., paratype, Ehime Pref. b. Spilopteron apicale (Matsumura, 1912), Nagano Pref. c. Spilopteron brachyurum sp. nov., paratype, Hokkaido. d. Spilopteron luteum (Uchida, 1930), Amami-oshima Is. e. Spilopteron mucronatus Lee, 2008, Fukuoka Pref. f. Spilopteron nigrum sp. nov., paratype, Hyogo Pref. g. Spilopteron oblongulum sp. nov., paratype, Kanagawa Pref. h. Spilopteron pseudonigrum sp. nov., paratype, Hyogo Pref. i. Spilopteron pyrrhonae Kusigemati, 1981, Kanagawa Pref. j. Spilopteron tosaense (Uchida, 1934), Hokkaido.

Fig. 4. Wings of females. a. Spilopteron albiventre sp. nov., paratype, Ehime Pref. b. Spilopteron apicale (Matsumura, 1912), Nagano Pref. c. Spilopteron brachyurum sp. nov., paratype, Hokkaido. d. Spilopteron luteum (Uchida, 1930), Amami-oshima Is. e. Spilopteron mucronatus Lee, 2008, Fukuoka Pref. f. Spilopteron nigrum sp. nov., paratype, Hyogo Pref. g. Spilopteron oblongulum sp. nov., paratype, Kanagawa Pref. h. Spilopteron pseudonigrum sp. nov., paratype, Hyogo Pref. i. Spilopteron pyrrhonae Kusigemati, 1981, Kanagawa Pref. j. Spilopteron tosaense (Uchida, 1934), Hokkaido. k. Spilopteron tosaense (Uchida, 1934), Yakushima Is.

Fig. 5. Mesosoma of females, lateral view. a. Spilopteron albiventre sp. nov., paratype, Ehime Pref. b. Spilopteron apicale (Matsumura, 1912), Nagano Pref. c. Spilopteron brachyurum sp. nov., paratype, Hokkaido. d. Spilopteron luteum (Uchida, 1930), Amami-oshima Is. e. Spilopteron mucronatus Lee, 2008, Fukuoka Pref. f. Spilopteron nigrum sp. nov., paratype, Hyogo Pref. g. Spilopteron oblongulum sp. nov., Kanagawa Pref. h. Spilopteron pseudonigrum sp. nov., paratype, Hyogo Pref. i. Spilopteron pyrrhonae Kusigemati, 1981, Kanagawa Pref. j. Spilopteron tosaense (Uchida, 1934), Hokkaido. k. Spilopteron tosaense (Uchida, 1934), Yakushima Is.

Fig. 6. Propodeum of females, dorsal view. a. Spilopteron albiventre sp. nov., paratype, Ehime Pref. b. Spilopteron apicale (Matsumura, 1912), Nagano Pref. c. Spilopteron brachyurum sp. nov., paratype, Hokkaido. d. Spilopteron luteum (Uchida, 1930), Amami-oshima Is. e. Spilopteron mucronatus Lee, 2008, Fukuoka Pref. f. Spilopteron nigrum sp. nov., paratype, Hyogo Pref. g. Spilopteron oblongulum sp. nov., paratype, Kanagawa Pref. h. Spilopteron pseudonigrum sp. nov., paratype, Hyogo Pref. i. Spilopteron pyrrhonae Kusigemati, 1981, Kanagawa Pref. j. Spilopteron tosaense (Uchida, 1934), Hokkaido.

Fig. 7. Male genitalia. a–b. Spilopteron albiventre sp. nov., paratype, Ehime Pref. c–d. Spilopteron apicale (Matsumura, 1912), Nagano Pref.e–f. Spilopteron brachyurum sp. nov., paratype, Hokkaido.g–h. Spilopteron luteum (Uchida, 1930),Amami-oshima Is. i–j. Spilopteron mucronatus Lee, 2008, Hokkaido. k–l. Spilopteron oblongulum sp. nov., paratype, Gunma Pref. m–n. Spilopteron pseudonigrum sp. nov., paratype, Hyogo Pref. o–p. Spilopteron pyrrhonae Kusigemati, 1981, Shizuoka Pref. q–r. Spilopteron tosaense (Uchida, 1934), Hyogo Pref. a, c, e, g, i, k, m, o, q = genital capsule, ventral view; b, d, f, h, j, l, n, p, r = aedeagus, lateral view.

Fig. 8. Male subgenital plate, ventral view. a. Spilopteron albiventre sp. nov., paratype, Ehime Pref. b. Spilopteron apicale (Matsumura, 1912), Yamanashi Pref. c. Spilopteron brachyurum sp. nov., paratype, Hokkaido. d. Spilopteron luteum (Uchida, 1930),Amami-oshima Is. e. Spilopteron mucronatus Lee, 2008, Hokkaido. f. Spilopteron oblongulum sp. nov., paratype, Gunma Pref. g. Spilopteron pseudonigrum sp. nov., paratype, Hyogo Pref. h. Spilopteron pyrrhonae Kusigemati, 1981, Shizuoka Pref. i. Spilopteron tosaense (Uchida, 1934), Hyogo Pref.