Mascagnia (Bertero ex DC.) Bertero, Hortus Ripul.

de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor & Pellegrini, Marco O. O., 2024, A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry, PhytoKeys 242, pp. 69-138 : 69-138

2.8. 10. Mascagnia (Bertero ex DC.) Bertero, Hortus Ripul. : 85. 1824 nom. cons.

Figs 3 E , 6 B , 8 Z , 11 I

≡ Hiraea [unranked] Mascagnia Bertero ex DC. , Prodr. 1: 585. 1824.

= Triopterys L. , Sp. Pl.: 428. 1753, nom. rej. Type species: Triopterys jamaicensis L. [= Mascagnia lucida (Kunth) W. R. Anderson & C. Davis ].

Type species.

Mascagnia americana Bertero [= Mascagnia macradena (DC.) Nied. ].

Notes.

Mascagnia comprises 48 currently accepted species (19 threatened species; Suppl. material 1) of shrubs or lianas endemic to rainforests, savannas, and seasonally dry tropical forests from Mexico (North America) to Argentina (South America; POWO 2024). There is no current updated identification key for all species of Mascagnia , but for regional treatments, see Anderson (1981) for the Guyana Highland, Almeida et al. (2020) for Brazil, and Pool (in prep.) for Mesoamerica.

Figures

Figure 3. Phyllotaxis, stipules, and petioles of Malpighiaceae A branch with opposite leaves of Bronwenia megaptera B branch with decussate leaves of Verrucularina glaucophylla C branch with alternate leaves of Stigmaphyllon angustilobum D branch with verticillate leaves of Pterandra pyroidea E interpetiolar stipules of Mascagnia cordifolia F epipetiolar stipules of Byrsonima intermedia G free stipules of Hiraea hatschbachii H connate stipules of Peixotoa catarinensis I transverse section of a circular petiole J transverse section of a plane-convex petiole K transverse section of a canaliculate petiole L leaf with very reduced petiole of Byrsonima basiloba M leaf with short petiole of Banisteriopsis adenopoda N leaf with long petiole of Stigmaphyllon caatingicola O alternate glands on the petiole of Banisteriopsis membranifolia P opposite to alternate glands on the petiole of Schwannia mediterranea Q subopposite glands on the petiole of Banisteriopsis membranifolia R discoid and sessile gland of Banisteriopsis laevifolia S cupuliform and stalked glands of Banisteriopsis adenopoda (line drawings and photographs A – C, G, I – K, L – O, Q – S by R. F. Almeida; D by C. Silva, E, F, H, P by M. O. O. Pellegrini).

Figure 6. Compound inflorescences of Malpighiaceae A thyrse of 1 - flowered cincinni of Byrsonima sericea B corymb of 1 - flowered cincinni of Mascagnia cordifolia C umbel of 1 - flowered cincinni of Banisteriopsis argyrophylla D line drawing of an inflorescence of Stigmaphyllon angustilobum showing 1 - flowered cincinni arranged in umbels (1 st order inflorescence), arranged in dichasia (2 nd order inflorescence), arranged in a thyrse (3 rd order inflorescence) E photograph of the inflorescence branch of Stigmaphyllon angustilobum (photographs B, C by M. O. O. Pellegrini; A, E by R. F. Almeida; line drawing D by K. Souza).

Figure 8. Sepals, glands, and petals of Malpighiaceae flowers A sepals with rounded apex of Hiptage benghalensis and sessile sepal gland B sepals with acute apex of Christianella multiglandulosa and sessile sepal glands C sepals with acute apex of Byrsonima gardneriana and sessile sepal glands D stalked sepal glands of Heladena multiflora E white petals of Acmanthera latifolia F pale yellow glands of Bunchosia glandulifera G yellow glands of Mcvaughia sergipana H pale green glands of Bronwenia megaptera I green glands of Camarea axillaris J yellow and deflexed petals of Byrsonima sericea K white glands of Acmanthera parviflora L pink glands of Heteropterys rubiginosa M brown glands of Amorimia pellegrinii N red glands of Niedenzuella poeppigiana O yellow and patent petals of Ptilochaeta bahiensis P oval petal limb of Galphimia gracilis Q elliptic petal limb of Heteropterys oberdanii R obovate petal limb of Bronwenia megaptera S pubescent petal surface of Diplopterys bahiana T orange-red petals of Tetrapterys phlomoides U entire margin of the petal of Heteropterys oberdanii V erose margin of the petal of Bronwenia megaptera W fimbriate margin of the petal of Schwannia schwannioides X dentate margin of the petal of Peixotoa hispidula Y glandular-fimbriate margin of the petal of Alicia anisopetala Z lilac petals of Mascagnia lilacina (A, C, F – H, I, J, L – S, U – W by R. F. Almeida; B, N, T, Y by M. O. O. Pellegrini; D by A. Francener; E by R. Goldenberg; Z by O. J. A. Ayala).

Figure 11. Types of winged schizocarpic fruits in Malpighiaceae A single dorsal winged mericarp of Diplopterys pubipetala showing lateral wings B detail of part of the winged mericarp of Banisteriopsis argyrophylla C, D 1 dorsal winged mericarp (s) of Heteropterys byrsonimifolia E winged mericarp of Peixotoa catharinensis showing lateral winglets F winged mericarp of Amorimia candidae with two lateral wings more developed than the reduced dorsal wing G winged mericarp of Lophopterys floribunda H winged mericarp of Carolus chasei with two lateral wings more developed (dorsal wing absent) I winged mericarp of Mascagnia sepium with 1 lateral orbicular wing J winged mericarp of Tetrapterys phlomoides with 4 free, lateral wings (superior ones longer, inferior ones shorter) K winged mericarp of Glicophyllum cardiophyllum with 4 free, lateral wings (superior ones shorter, inferior ones longer) L winged mericarp of Niedenzuella acutifolia with 4 free, equalling lateral wings M winged mericarp of Hiptage benghalensis with three free, lateral wings more developed (photographs A by A. Popovkin; B, E, I, J by M. O. O. Pellegrini; C, D, F, H, K, L by R. F. Almeida; G by G. Shimizu; M by G. Cahyadi).