Cybocephalus (Cybocephalus) nipponicus Endrödy-Younga, 1971
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.3616.3.3 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F70AC1EE-5A70-42B8-B1F2-55C734D26FD9 |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6150609 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/421787CF-F667-C879-D9F8-FB0AFB34F8E2 |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Cybocephalus (Cybocephalus) nipponicus Endrödy-Younga, 1971 |
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Cybocephalus (Cybocephalus) nipponicus Endrödy-Younga, 1971 View in CoL
Figs 1 View FIGURE 1 A, 2B, 2D, 3B, 4
Cybocephalus binotatus (misidentification): Endrödy-Younga, 1968: 81, non Cybocephalus binotatus Grouvelle, 1908 .
Cybocephalus nipponicus Endrödy-Younga, 1971: 244 , f. 1. Type locality: Kawasawa, Japan.
Cybocephalus nipponicus: Hayashi, 1978: 32 [description of larva];—Hisamatsu, 1985: 172, pl. 27, fig. 27 [note, photo];—Kirejtshuk, 1992: 209 [in key, figure];—Tian & Yu, 1994a: 120 [redescription];—Yu & Tian, 1995: 35 [note];—Tian & Peng, 1997: 35 [note];—Lupi, 2002: 463 [note];—Tian, 2006: 63 [list];—Smith & Cave, 2006a: 786 [redescription];—Smith & Cave, 2007a: 170 [note];—Smith & Bailey, 2007: 506 [note].
Cybocephalus (Cybocephalus) nipponicus: Jelínek & Audisio, 2007: 490 [catalogue].
Specimens examined. [ISHIKAWA] 4 exs., Campus of Kanazawa Univ., Kanazawa City, 8. X. 1982, S. Hisamatsu leg. [TOCHIGI] 2 exs., Shiriuchi, Tochigi City, 3. I. 1993, H. Yoshitomi leg. (under the bark of Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino. ) [KANAGAWA] 2 exs., Odawara, 9. V. 1957, Y. Hirano leg.; 1 ex., Odawara, 22. I. 1973, Y. Furuki leg.; 1 ex., Oishi, 8. IX. 1979, Y. Hirano leg.; 1 ex., Kanogawa, Tanzawa, 18. V. 1986, Y. Hirano leg.; 1 ex., Myojin tôge, 12. VIII. 1993, Y. Hirano leg.; 2 exs., Sarugashima, Atsugi City, 25. IV. 1996, Y. Hirano leg. [TOKYO] 6 exs., Kinshi Park, 1. VIII. 1967, K. Morimoto leg.; 1 ex., Ohshima Is., 17. IV. 1974, Y. Furuki leg. [WAKAYAMA] 6 exs., Arita, 11. X. 1963, S. Nakao leg. [HYÔGO] 1 ex., Mt. Joryuji, nr. Toshima, Awajishima Is., 16. XI. 1972, S. Hisamatsu leg. [TOTTORI] 2 exs., Kurayoshi, 14. VIII. 1974, Y. Furuki leg. [YAMAGUCHI] 9 exs., Hagi, 25. X. 1967, S. Nakao et al. leg.; 1 ex., Mt. Shizukisan, Hagi, 9. IX. 1970, S. Hisamatsu leg. [HIROSHIMA] 10 exs., Ikuchijima Is., 18~21, IX. 1972, Y. Furuki leg.; 2 exs., Innoshima Is., 5~ 6. V. 1973, M. Sakai leg. [EHIME] 6 exs., Matsuyama City, 8. I. 1951, M. Miyatake leg.; 6 exs., Tarumi, Matsuyama City, 19. VI. 1953, T. Ishihara leg.; 1 ex., Matsuyama City, 4. VI. 1955, T. Tachikawa leg. (host: Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Targ. ); 2 Ƥ, Matsuyama City, 16. IX. 1955, S. Hisamatsu leg.; 6 exs., Matsuyama, 15. VI. 1956, S.
Hisamatsu leg.; 2 exs., Matsuyama City, 27. VI. 1956, T. Tachikawa leg. (collected from Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Targ. ); 232Ƥ, Matsuyama City, 20. VII. 1956, T. Tachikawa leg. (host: Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Targ. ); 3 exs., Higashino, Matsuyama City, 9. IV. 1957, M. Miyatake leg.; 1 ex., Matsuyama City, 28. V. 1959, M. Miyatake leg.; 1 ex., Ohmishima Is., 16. VII. 1959, M. Miyatake leg; 2 exs., Ohmishima Is., 16. VII. 1959, M. Sato leg.; 2 exs., Uwajima, 27. IV. 1961, T. Tachikawa leg.; 1 ex., Matsuyama City, 15. VII. 1967, M. Miyatake leg.; 2 exs., Matsuyama City, 28. II. 1968, K. Hatta leg.; 2 exs., Matsuyama City, 11. IX. 1972, Y. Furuki leg. (collected from Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Targ. ); 2 exs., Inokuchi, Ohmishima Is., 2. XII. 1973, K. Ito & TK. Ishihara leg.; 3 exs., Jo-hen, 25. VII. 1974, Y. Furuki leg.; 1 ex., Shiroyama, Matsuyama City, 21. II. 1974, Y. Furuki leg.; 34 exs., Tokunomori, Ohzu City, 13. X. 1994, Y. Utsunomiya leg.; 8 exs., Matsubara-izumi, Morimatsu-machi, Matsuyama City, 22. VIII. 2007, T. Kurihara leg.; 23 exs., Morimatsu-machi, Matsuyama City, 24. VIII. 2007, S-T. Hisamatsu leg.; 21 exs., Morimatsu-machi, Matsuyama City, 22. X. 2007, T. Kurihara leg. [ KOCHI] 2 exs., Muroto, 7. VI. 1959, M. Miyatake leg.; 1 ex., Ashizurimisaki, 24. VII. 1960, M. Miyatake leg.; 1 ex., Okinoshima Is., 15. VI. 1961, S. Hisamatsu leg. [OITA] 1 ex., Tsukumi, 12. V. 1957, T. Tachikawa leg. [KUMAMOTO] 2 exs., Konose, Kuma Vil., 6. VI. 1967, S. Hisamatsu leg. [FUKUOKA] 6 exs., Tachibana, 13. IV. 1956, S. Nakao leg.; 1 ex., Itoshima, 14. V. 1968, M. Iga leg. (preying Pseudococcus citriculus Green ) [NAGASAKI] 8 exs., Omura, 31. VIII. 1963, S. Nakao leg.; 60 exs., Kuchinotsu, 15. XI. 1977, M. Tanaka leg.; 3 exs., Mogi, 20. V. 1971, S. Hisamatsu leg.; 3 exs., Mt. Konpira~Suwa Shrine, 12. VII. 1973, S. Kinoshita leg.; 1 ex., Hirado, 5. VII. 1979, A. Oda leg.; 1 ex., Izuhara, Tsushima Is., 25. VIII. 1966, S. Nomoto leg.; 1 ex., Mt. Nanatsudake, Fukue Is., 2. V. 1972, S. Kinoshita leg. [KAGOSHIMA] 9 exs., Nagashima, 14. X. 1971, S. Nakao leg.; 1 ex., Miyanoura, 25. IV. 1975, S. Nagai leg.; 32 exs., Uragami, Amami-Ohshima Is., 20. IX. 1975, S. Nakao leg.; 1 ex., Nakazato, Kikaijima Is., 11.VII. 1996, K. Aita leg.; 1 ex., Kumano, Nakatane-chô, Tanegashima Is., 8. VII. 1974, S. Hisamatsu leg.
Diagnosis. This species differs from other Japanese congeners by the following characteristics: male with yellow head and pronotum; elytra with large punctures ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 B), larger than an eye-facet at middle; median lobe of male genitalia ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 C) in lateral view thin, strongly sinuate.
Redescription. Length 1.38–1.64 (1.50) mm (n = 10), width 0.74–0.88 (0.82) mm (n = 10), height 0.46–0.44 (0.45) mm (n = 5).
Male. Body convex, strongly shiny; dorsal surface almost glabrous. Coloration black; dorsal- and ventral side of head (excluding blackish mandibles and genae), antennae, pronotum, mesoventrite, pro- and mesothoracic legs yellow; margins of pronotum translucent; anterior margins of elytra also translucent, yellowish brown. Hind legs dark yellowish brown.
Head extremely wide; vertex with few, minute punctures, sparsely covered with short, recumbent, yellowish setae. Anterior margin of clypeus ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 H) with shallow, arcuate emargination at middle. Eyes large, prominent, distinctly visible in ventral aspect. Antennae ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 I) with club asymmetrical, 3-segmented; ninth and tenth antennal segments serrated along inner margin; apical margin of eleventh segment truncate; approximate ratio of each segment (n = 1) is 2.14: 1.68: 2.04: 1.16: 1.43: 1.09: 1.13: 1.00: 1.36: 1.55: 1.50.
Pronotum convex, strongly transverse, 1.70–1.78 (1.74) times as wide as long (n = 5); anterior angles rounded; posterior angles widely rounded; dorsal disc with minute punctures; interspaces smooth. Scutellum ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 D) subtriangular, apex broadly rounded.
Elytra conjointly 0.84–0.93 (0.88) times as long as wide (n = 5), 1.50–1.60 (1.56) times as long as pronotum (n = 5); disc ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 B) with two kinds of punctures, of which one is as large as an eye-facet at middle and another one is minute; the larger one possessing two lateral extensions and an assoicated recumbent seta; interspaces smooth. Prosternum short, about as wide as width of prosternal process, strongly carinate at middle; prosternal process about as long as procoxal length. Metaventrite ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 B) convex, densely covered with long, recumbent yellowish setae, devoid of setae at basal areas. Inter-metacoxal distance wide, separated by 1.75–2.67 (2.21) times as wide as inter- mesocoxal distance (n = 4). Abdominal sternites ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 B) densely covered with long, recumbent yellowish setae; inter-metacoxal area of abdominal sternite III wide, apical margin widely rounded; femoral lines ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 B) joined with anterior margin of abdominal sternite III. Legs ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 E–G) rather thin and flat; protibiae ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 E) with slightly sinuate inner margins, outer apical corner rounded. Claws simple.
Male genitalia with tegmen ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 A) possessing widely spaced setae at apical margin, attenuate in ventral view. Median lobe ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 C) in lateral view thin and strongly sinuate, in ventral view strongly converging at apical third, apical margin narrowly truncate. Internal sac sclerites of male genitalia as figured ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 D).
Female. Head and pronotum black, without yellowish lateral margins of pronotum. Apical margin of abdominal tergite and sternite VII rounded. Ovipositor ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 K) with short styli near the apex; gonocoxites feebly sclerotized, deeply cleft and appearing separate and unfused; apex of stylus with 2 to 3 setae; 9 to 10 setae present along apico-lateral margin; spermatheca ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 J) oval, sclerotized; spermathecal gland long, curved, weakly sclerotized; sperm duct coiled.
Bionomics. Cybocephalus (C.) nipponicus usually feed on armored scale insects ( Diaspididae ). At least fourteen species of armored scales have been recorded as hosts (Smith & Cave 2007a), and other insect prey were listed by Smith & Cave (2006a). Tanaka & Inoue (1980) reported C. (C.) nipponicus as a predator of citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari, Tetranychidae ). According to breeding experiments, when C. (C.) nipponicus was given larvae of Unaspis yanonensis (Kuwana) ( Hemiptera , Diaspididae ), they laid three eggs per female. However, if they were fed eggs of Panonychus citri , their ovaries were observed to be undeveloped and they did not lay eggs. Thus, scale insects are likely the primary food of C. (C.) nipponicus , and citrus red mites are secondarily consumed.
Distribution. This species is present in Asia, southern Europe, Micronesia, eastern North America,
South Africa, and the West Indies (Smith & Cave 2006a). Cybocephalus (C.) nipponicus is apparently native to Southeast Asia and the South Pacific (Endrödy-Younga 1971; Tian 2006), but has been introduced all over the world (Smith & Bailey 2007).
Note. The male pronotum, which is usually yellow, may rarely become dark brown to black.
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